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Text 3
Benefits of a Bilingual Brain
¹ Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading. While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. But recent advances in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.
² It's well known that the brain's left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. If this is true, learning a language in childhood may give you a more holistic grasp of its social and emotional contexts.
³ Conversely, recent research showed that people who learned a second language in adulthood exhibit less emotional bias and a more rational approach when confronting problems in the second language than in their native one. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some remarkable advantages, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain's neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The strong workout a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer's and dementia by as much as five years.
Source: Adapted from “Benefits of a bilingual brain” (Video),
by Mia Nacamuli for TED-ed, 2015. Available on:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMmOLN5zBLY with
subtitles.
I. There are various methods that could help an adult learner acquire a second language, for example communicative language teaching, task based learning or the direct method.
II. The Critical Period Hypothesis described in the ‘Text 3’ explains how children are more likely to learn a second language than an adult learner.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
Text 3
Benefits of a Bilingual Brain
¹ Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading. While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. But recent advances in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.
² It's well known that the brain's left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. If this is true, learning a language in childhood may give you a more holistic grasp of its social and emotional contexts.
³ Conversely, recent research showed that people who learned a second language in adulthood exhibit less emotional bias and a more rational approach when confronting problems in the second language than in their native one. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some remarkable advantages, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain's neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The strong workout a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer's and dementia by as much as five years.
Source: Adapted from “Benefits of a bilingual brain” (Video),
by Mia Nacamuli for TED-ed, 2015. Available on:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMmOLN5zBLY with
subtitles.
I. By skimming the text, it is possible to say the main idea of the text is how bilingualism can make you smarter.
II. By scanning text 3, it is NOT possible to answer the question: "Are bilinguals the majority in the world?"
III. By inference, it is possible to say that people who learnt a second language in younger years show more emotional bias when confronting problems in their second language.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
Text 3
Benefits of a Bilingual Brain
¹ Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading. While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. But recent advances in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.
² It's well known that the brain's left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. If this is true, learning a language in childhood may give you a more holistic grasp of its social and emotional contexts.
³ Conversely, recent research showed that people who learned a second language in adulthood exhibit less emotional bias and a more rational approach when confronting problems in the second language than in their native one. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some remarkable advantages, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain's neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The strong workout a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer's and dementia by as much as five years.
Source: Adapted from “Benefits of a bilingual brain” (Video),
by Mia Nacamuli for TED-ed, 2015. Available on:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMmOLN5zBLY with
subtitles.
I. The word ‘glimpse’ in paragraph 1 means a full view of the matter.
II. The word ‘plasticity’ in paragraph 2 means inconsistency or instability.
III. The word ‘regardless’ in paragraph 3 means with no respect for something.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
Text 3
Benefits of a Bilingual Brain
¹ Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading. While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. But recent advances in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.
² It's well known that the brain's left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. If this is true, learning a language in childhood may give you a more holistic grasp of its social and emotional contexts.
³ Conversely, recent research showed that people who learned a second language in adulthood exhibit less emotional bias and a more rational approach when confronting problems in the second language than in their native one. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some remarkable advantages, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain's neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The strong workout a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer's and dementia by as much as five years.
Source: Adapted from “Benefits of a bilingual brain” (Video),
by Mia Nacamuli for TED-ed, 2015. Available on:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMmOLN5zBLY with
subtitles.
I. It is possible to assess an individual's language ability through the use of the four skills mentioned in the text either separately or in conjunction.
II. By saying that language ability is typically measured in two active parts and two passive parts, the author of the text implies there are other forms of evaluating language skills.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. In: "My favorite heroes are Superman and Batman.", the plural is correct, since "es" can be added to nouns that end in "o".
II. In: "People with a higher metabolic rate tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes", the plural is correct, since "es" can be added to nouns that end in "o".
III. In: "They left some memoes behind in the office for you", the plural is correct, since "es" can be added to nouns that end in "o".
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. In: "So you stand by the board /Full of fear and intention", the pronoun ‘you’ probably refers to the pupils.
II. In: "And, if you think that they're listening / Well, you've got to be joking", the pronoun ‘they’ probably refers to the pupils.
III. In: "Say the wrong word to our children / We'll have you, oh yes, we'll have you", the pronouns ‘we/our’ are used to represent the voices of the teachers.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. Considering that the scenario described by Morissey in the song focuses on a negative teaching point of view, students do not suffer any psychological setbacks from this educational environment.
II. Considering the scenario in the song, it is possible to deduce that students might be reproducing their social circle's view on education, and this behavior could be changed through interactions in the school environment.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. In: "There's too many people / Planning your downfall / When your spirit's on trial / These nights can be frightening", there are no end rhymes.
II. In: "And somebody here / Will not be here next year", there are two rhymes with the first ‘here’ in the next verse.
III. It is fundamental to the song genre that words rhyme, in order to create an effect of harmony and rhythm. This concerns the study of prosody.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. In: "So you stand by the board / full of fear and intention",‘fear’ could be changed to 'self-respect' to match intention,as it introduces the teacher in class.
II. In: "Sleep transports sadness / to some other mid-brain",mid-brain could possibly mean 'to another place'.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. In: "Maria talked to her best friend in desperate need of a counsel", the use of the article is correct.
II. In: "Lucas went to a library in search of the Times Magazine", the use of articles is correct.
III. In: "Doctors recommend that children eat a bread every day.", the use of the article is incorrect.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. Mishmash, as said in the text, means a smooth mix of things and can be changed to 'hodgepodge'.
II. Seamlessly, as used in the text, means with no sudden changes or interruptions, and can be changed to ‘smoothly’.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. In: ‘Those around her understand her, at least most of the time.’, the repetition of her is necessary, since ‘those around her’ occupies the place of the subject in the sentence, while the other ‘her’ is the indirect object.
II. In: ‘The Silver Spring, Md., resident is the kind of young Hispanic voter attracting increasing attention from political operatives.’, the ‘Md.’ inserted between The Silver Spring and resident breaks syntax order by separating its nominal group.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. According to the text, Spanglish can be used when speakers change from English to Spanish completely in a conversation.
II. It can be inferred from the text that because there are more Hispanic speakers in the U.S now, Spanglish is also becoming more prominent.
III. It is said in the text that the political operatives are interested in the young Hispanic population only, since they want to meet the nation's changing demographics.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. The text is an example of a news article, as it contains factual information and it is written in third person.
II. In the opening paragraph, by introducing a real example of a Spanglish speaker, the author of the text probably attempted to support the relevance of the topic.
III. The sentence above the text: “In an effort to attract younger Hispanic voters, campaigns are turning to Spanglish” is a headline.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
I. Consoante o Estatuto dos Funcionários Públicos do Município de Palmeira dos Índios/AL, o funcionário estável só perderá o cargo em virtude de sentença judicial transitada em julgado, ou de processo administrativo disciplinar, mesmo que lhe seja negada a possibilidade de ampla defesa.
II. Transferência, à luz do Estatuto dos Funcionários Públicos do Município de Palmeira dos Índios/AL, é a passagem do funcionário estável de cargo efetivo de carreira, para outro de igual denominação, classe e vencimento, pertencente a quadro de pessoal diverso, conforme prevê a Lei Municipal nº 1.240/91.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
I. A advertência, a suspensão, a demissão, a cassação de disponibilidade, a aposentadoria e a destituição de cargo em comissão são penalidades disciplinares, conforme prevê o Estatuto dos Funcionários Públicos do Município de Palmeira dos Índios/AL
II. A demissão será aplicada em caso de reincidência das faltas punidas com advertência e de violação das demais proibições que não tipifiquem infração, sujeita a penalidade de suspensão, segundo prevê o Estatuto dos Funcionários Públicos do Município de Palmeira dos Índios/AL
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
I. Segundo a Lei Municipal nº 1.240, 20 de novembro de 1991, a posse ocorrerá no prazo de quarenta e cinco dias contados da publicação do ato de provimento, prorrogável por mais trinta dias, a requerimento do interessado.
II. Segundo a Lei Municipal nº 1.240, 20 de novembro de 1991, exercício é o efetivo desempenho das atribuições do cargo. O prazo para o funcionário entrar em exercício, contados da data da posse é de trinta dias.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
I. O Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) é um instrumento teórico-metodológico voltado ao diagnóstico da situação da escola e que tem como compromisso único a identificação dos problemas.
II. Não cabe ao Projeto Político Pedagógico da escola o incentivo aos estudantes em sua autonomia de aprender, ajudando-os a compreender como podem e devem também, sendo autores do seu conhecimento, monitorar seus progressos.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
I. Constitui uma das metas do Plano Nacional de Educação oferecer, no mínimo, 50% (cinquenta por cento) das matrículas de educação de jovens e adultos, nos ensinos fundamental e médio, na forma integrada à educação profissional.
II. Constitui uma das metas do Plano Nacional de Educação alfabetizar todas as crianças, no máximo, até o final do 3º (terceiro) ano do ensino fundamental.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
I. São metas do Plano Nacional de Educação: erradicação do analfabetismo, a universalização do atendimento escolar e a superação das desigualdades educacionais, com ênfase na promoção da cidadania e na erradicação de todas as formas de discriminação.
II. Constituem metas do Plano Nacional de Educação: melhoria da qualidade da educação, formação para o trabalho e para a cidadania, com ênfase nos valores morais e éticos em que se fundamenta a sociedade e a promoção do princípio da gestão democrática da educação pública.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
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