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'Bolha de calor' pode causar um dos setembros mais quentes da história do Brasil?
Uma forte onda de calor atinge o Brasil na primeira quinzena de setembro, segundo alguns dos principais institutos de meteorologia do Brasil. A previsão é de que os termômetros registrem temperaturas máximas entre 40°C e 45°C em alguns Estados nesse período.
Isso poderia elevar a média da temperatura para a época e pode tornar este um dos meses de setembro mais quentes já registrados no país. Mas por que isso acontece?
A BBC News Brasil ouviu especialistas para entender se isso é algo atípico e quais fenômenos estão causando esse calor fora do comum.
Segundo o MetSul Meteorologia, uma massa de ar quente está cobrindo boa parte do Brasil e vai ganhar ainda mais força nos próximos dias. A previsão é que ela se expanda e leve altas temperaturas inclusive para o sul do país, onde as temperaturas são mais amenas nesta época do ano.
De acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet), a previsão para os próximos em São Paulo é de temperaturas máximas de 33°C e 34°C até pelo menos a próxima sexta-feira. Cuiabá deve registrar máxima de 42°C na quinta e sexta.
Até mesmo a cidade de Curitiba, no Sul, pode registrar, segundo o Inmet, máximas de 33°C na terça e na quarta.
Guilherme Borges, meteorologista do Climatempo, diz que ele e seus colegas de trabalho avaliam que não é possível fazer projeções de que possamos ter recordes históricos.
"Vai ser forte, mas não é possível dizer que vai bater temperatura. Não temos como afirmar isso com base nos modelos que usamos. O que enxergamos são temperaturas entre 40 e 44°C nos próximos dias. Será uma onda de calor importante", diz.
Guilherme explica que essa onda de calor, chamada pelo MetSul de "bolha de calor", é causada pela estabilização de uma massa de ar quente e alta pressão atmosférica em boa parte do país.
"Ela intensifica a formação do ar quente de cima para baixo dificultando a formação de nuvens de chuva e deixando o tempo mais seco.
Ele explica que é normal esse calor no mês de setembro e que em 2023 também houve uma onda de calor semelhante, mas que ocorreu na segunda quinzena do mês e não na primeira como agora.
"Isso é culpa das mudanças climáticas, que têm um papel significativo nesses extremos de calor e chuva. Isso ocorre porque nosso planeta tem que dimensionalisar energia. Essas ondas de calor e chuva extremos ocorrem para compensar esse aquecimento", diz.
https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/articles/c049yknxxwlo#:~:text=De%20 acordo%20com%20o%20MetSul,7%C2%B0C%20em%202005
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
The Future of Global Economy and Society
Characters:
Emma: A professor of International Relations.
John: A journalist specializing in global economics.
Sophia: An environmental activist and policy advisor.
Emma: Good afternoon, everyone. Today, I'd like to delve into the intricacies of the global economy and its impact on society. As we navigate through these unprecedented times, what do you think are the key drivers reshaping our world?
John: From my perspective, the most significant factor is the acceleration of technological innovation. The digital economy is not just expanding; it's revolutionizing traditional sectors. Artificial Intelligence, blockchain technology, and the Internet of Things are all converging, creating a paradigm shift in how we understand and conduct business.
Sophia: I agree, John. However, I would argue that while technological advancement is transformative, it also presents ethical dilemmas. The digital divide is growing, and the disparity between those who have access to these technologies and those who don't is becoming a critical issue. Moreover, the implications for data privacy and surveillance are profound and cannot be overlooked.
Emma: That's an excellent point, Sophia. The ethical implications are vast. But moving beyond technology, how do you see geopolitical tensions influencing global economic stability?
John: Geopolitical tensions have always played a pivotal role. However, with the recent rise of protectionist policies and trade wars, we are witnessing a fragmentation of the global economic order. Countries are increasingly prioritizing national interests, which could lead to a significant realignment of global alliances and trade networks.
Sophia: And this realignment is not without consequences. We must consider the environmental impact as well. The current economic model, heavily reliant on fossil fuels, is unsustainable. We need a radical transition towards a green economy, and that requires international cooperation—something that's hard to achieve amid rising nationalism.
Emma: Absolutely. The concept of a green economy is gaining traction, but there's a lot of skepticism about its feasibility, especially in developing countries where economic growth is still heavily dependent on traditional industries. What are your thoughts on this?
John: It's indeed a delicate balancing act. Developing nations argue that stringent environmental regulations could stifle their economic growth and exacerbate poverty. On the other hand, the consequences of inaction could be catastrophic, not just for these countries, but globally. Perhaps the solution lies in creating financial incentives for sustainable development.
Sophia: That's where policy-making becomes crucial. We need to implement more robust frameworks for international cooperation that include financial support, technology transfer, and capacity building. The global north has a historical responsibility to assist the global south in this transition.
Emma: These are compelling insights. It's clear that the path forward is complex and requires a multifaceted approach. Balancing technological, economic, environmental, and ethical considerations is a formidable challenge. However, it's also an opportunity for us to redefine the future of global society.
John: I couldn't agree more, Emma. The question is not whether we will face these challenges, but how we will respond to them collectively.
Sophia: Exactly. It's not just about adapting to change but about proactively shaping it. We must engage in more dialogue, foster innovation, and, above all, uphold our shared values of equity, justice, and sustainability.
Emma: Well said, Sophia. I believe our discussion today has highlighted the interconnectedness of these issues and the importance of global solidarity. Thank you both for this enlightening conversation.
John and Sophia: Thank you, Emma.
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
The Future of Global Economy and Society
Characters:
Emma: A professor of International Relations.
John: A journalist specializing in global economics.
Sophia: An environmental activist and policy advisor.
Emma: Good afternoon, everyone. Today, I'd like to delve into the intricacies of the global economy and its impact on society. As we navigate through these unprecedented times, what do you think are the key drivers reshaping our world?
John: From my perspective, the most significant factor is the acceleration of technological innovation. The digital economy is not just expanding; it's revolutionizing traditional sectors. Artificial Intelligence, blockchain technology, and the Internet of Things are all converging, creating a paradigm shift in how we understand and conduct business.
Sophia: I agree, John. However, I would argue that while technological advancement is transformative, it also presents ethical dilemmas. The digital divide is growing, and the disparity between those who have access to these technologies and those who don't is becoming a critical issue. Moreover, the implications for data privacy and surveillance are profound and cannot be overlooked.
Emma: That's an excellent point, Sophia. The ethical implications are vast. But moving beyond technology, how do you see geopolitical tensions influencing global economic stability?
John: Geopolitical tensions have always played a pivotal role. However, with the recent rise of protectionist policies and trade wars, we are witnessing a fragmentation of the global economic order. Countries are increasingly prioritizing national interests, which could lead to a significant realignment of global alliances and trade networks.
Sophia: And this realignment is not without consequences. We must consider the environmental impact as well. The current economic model, heavily reliant on fossil fuels, is unsustainable. We need a radical transition towards a green economy, and that requires international cooperation—something that's hard to achieve amid rising nationalism.
Emma: Absolutely. The concept of a green economy is gaining traction, but there's a lot of skepticism about its feasibility, especially in developing countries where economic growth is still heavily dependent on traditional industries. What are your thoughts on this?
John: It's indeed a delicate balancing act. Developing nations argue that stringent environmental regulations could stifle their economic growth and exacerbate poverty. On the other hand, the consequences of inaction could be catastrophic, not just for these countries, but globally. Perhaps the solution lies in creating financial incentives for sustainable development.
Sophia: That's where policy-making becomes crucial. We need to implement more robust frameworks for international cooperation that include financial support, technology transfer, and capacity building. The global north has a historical responsibility to assist the global south in this transition.
Emma: These are compelling insights. It's clear that the path forward is complex and requires a multifaceted approach. Balancing technological, economic, environmental, and ethical considerations is a formidable challenge. However, it's also an opportunity for us to redefine the future of global society.
John: I couldn't agree more, Emma. The question is not whether we will face these challenges, but how we will respond to them collectively.
Sophia: Exactly. It's not just about adapting to change but about proactively shaping it. We must engage in more dialogue, foster innovation, and, above all, uphold our shared values of equity, justice, and sustainability.
Emma: Well said, Sophia. I believe our discussion today has highlighted the interconnectedness of these issues and the importance of global solidarity. Thank you both for this enlightening conversation.
John and Sophia: Thank you, Emma.
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