Questões de Concurso Para professor - inglês

Read the text carefully.
      Today our supposedly revolutionary advancements in artificial intelligence are indeed cause for both concern and optimism. OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Bard and Microsoft’s Sydney are marvels of machine learning. Roughly speaking, they take huge amounts of data, search for patterns in it and become increasingly proficient at generating statistically probable outputs – such as seemingly humanlike language and thought. These programs have been hailed as the first glimmers on the horizon of artificial general intelligence – that long-prophesied moment when mechanical minds surpass human brains not only quantitatively in terms of processing speed and memory size but also qualitatively in terms of intellectual insight, artistic creativity besides every other distinctively human faculty. Whereas that day may come, one should be allowed its dawn is not yet breaking, contrary to what can be read in hyperbolic headlines and reckoned by injudicious investments. The human mind is a surprisingly efficient system that operates with small amounts of information. Of course, any human-style explanation is not necessarily correct; we are fallible. Hence this is part of what it means to think: to be right, it must be possible to be wrong.
(Available: The New York Times- March 8, 2023. Opinion-Guest essay. Adapted.)

The highlighted linking words respectively introduce:

Language allows us to communicate a seemingly infinite array of ideas, emotions, and experiences. At the heart of this linguistic complexity lies polysemy, a semantic phenomenon through which meanings of words extend or shift so that a single word has two or more related meanings. The word catering to the previous characterization is:

Having analysed visual-verbal and verbal hints, and knowing that the vocabulary displayed has long been added to dictionaries and consecrated especially by American users, choose the option offering compliant content.

The branch of linguistics and logic dealing with meaning is semantics. It has a number of subbranches including formal semantics, lexical semantics, and conceptual semantics. Concerning the words listed below, we can state that:

Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech, it is about how we say things, rather than what we say. The three main patterns of intonation in English are: falling intonation, rising intonation and fall-rise intonation. About falling intonation, it is true we use it:

Word classes, also known as parts of speech, are the different categories of words used in grammar each having some distinctive structural characteristics. In an Ensino Médio group, students were given a handout containing pairs of sentences to be observed and analysed as an opportunity for pair work. At a later moment, the teacher conducted class discussion based on the results of the analysis performed. Being the handout as follows, accurate data to ground conclusions is introduced in:
1.a) The coming and going of people is easy in a humanized city. 1.b) People are coming and going to choose their Christmas gifts.
2.a) Mike’s arriving to class late became a bad habit. 2.b) Look, Mike’s arriving to class late once more!
3.a) Jordan gets detention for his disrespecting the teachers. 3.b) Jordan gets detention for he’s disrespecting the teachers.
4.a) The candidate’s winning the elections in several key areas. 4.b) Her winning the elections was happily celebrated.
5.a) We are buying the gear for the weekend camping trip. 5.b) For the weekend camping trip, our buying the gear was expensive. 

Fill in the blank with the appropriate verb form.

(Available: https://stock.adobe.com.)

“If you boil water, it ______________ into steam, that’s a scientific fact and there’s no doubt about it!”

Read the text thoroughly.
    The game is changing. For the first time in history, the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games will see an equal number of men and women competing. This 50:50 representation of athletes makes them the first to reach gender equality. Progress does not stop there. With an expected global audience of 3 billion, this year’s Games have been deliberately scheduled to make possible more balanced coverage of all events, putting all athletes in the spotlight. They will also feature more women’s and mixed events, offering more opportunities for women to win medals. A recent survey found that 80 per cent of female Fortune 500 CEOs played sports in their formative years, emphasizing the impact of early exposure to sport on the development of young women. A 2023 Deloitte report also revealed that 85 per cent of surveyed women who played sports as children believed the skills they developed were crucial to their professional success. This rises to 91 per cent for women in leadership roles, and 93 per cent for those earning USD 100,000 or more. Additionally, 92 per cent of global audiences agree it is important for girls to play sports, with 61 per cent considering them “very important”.    Despite the positive data, girls drop out of sports by age 14 at twice the rate of boys due to social expectations and lack of investment in quality programs which is worsened by other factors. For example, 21 per cent of female professional athletes have experienced sexual abuse at least once as children in sport, compared with 11 per cent of male athletes. Efforts to track and respond to such cases are increasing worldwide, but gaps in the magnitude and prevalence of violence in sports persist, being prevention efforts are often lacking.
(Available: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2024/07/five-things-to-know-about-women-and-sport. Adapted.)
As to the featured words, it is compatible information that:

Consider, in the image that follows, verbal and nonverbal expression to indicate the matching item:

(Available: https://pt.slideshare.net.)

Phonological awareness can be described as the ability to identify and manipulate the smallest sounds in spoken words. The skills developed from phonological awareness are important for early reading and writing, and notably involve oral language, as they engage listening to the spoken word. The following are components of phonological awareness, EXCEPT for: 

Examine the image and the examples introduced:

- It can’t be Sarah. I know she lives in France, not here.

- It might rain today for those clouds are really dark.

- They may be using the new laptop since it has been unpacked.

- I could go to the exhibition but I am torn about it.

- Della must have arrived, her schedule has not changed.

The modal verbs’ idea conveyed is the one of:

In order to promote improvement of linguistic knowledge, an 8th grade teacher selected a set of words, extracted from a previously studied text, aiming at guiding students’ perceptions. With regard to the referred words, the criterion that justifies the teacher’s word choice is:
happiness-quickly-excitement-appointment-fondness-business-mainly

The word “telly” (26^th§) is used as a(n):

According to the text, more than 1/3 of time spent watching YouTube at home is on a:

Consider the underlined term in the following sentence “[...] those pay-for streaming services have plateaued in reach, […]” (35º§). It means that “those pay-for-streaming services” have:

Consider the following sentence: “Music streaming continues to account for two thirds of the total income for the record industry.” (25^th§). Another word found in the text that could replace the underlined term, without change in meaning, is:

The following words could correctly replace the word “however” (9^th§) without change in meaning, EXCEPT: 

The expression “year-on-year” (3^rd and 29^th§) could be replaced, without change in meaning, by: 

The text considers generation Z as the people who are:

The group that increased its TV viewing during 2024 is composed by people: