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Considere a massa específica e o calor específico da água iguais a 1.000 kg. m-3 e 4.200 J. kg-1. K-1 , respectivamente, independentemente da temperatura. Aproxime o valor π para 3 e considere o fator de correção da MLDT como igual a 1,0.
Dados: 1/ln(0,95) = −19,5; 1/ln(0,85) = −6,2;
1/ln(0,75) = −3,5; 1/ln(0,65) = −2,3.
Se o comprimento máximo do tubo for 2,4 metros, qual é o número de passagens por tubo?
Tal material se enquadra na categoria dos fluidos
A curva característica da bomba e a curva do sistema são representadas pelas equações H = - Q2 + 2Q + 8 e WB = Q2 + 2Q, respectivamente, onde H é a carga, em metros, fornecida ao líquido pela bomba, WB é a carga, em metros, requerida pelo sistema, e Q é a vazão de operação, em m3 /s.
A vazão de operação, em m3 /s, é
I - No regime plenamente turbulento, os turbilhões formados no escoamento são os responsáveis pela transferência convectiva de quantidade de movimento.
II - As flutuações da velocidade de um fluido que escoa, no regime laminar e permanente, em tubos, são máximas no eixo central da tubulação.
III - No regime laminar, o perfil de velocidades de um líquido escoando em uma tubulação de seção reta circular é um paraboloide de revolução.
IV - No regime laminar, a transferência de quantidade de movimento ocorre exclusivamente de forma convectiva.
É correto APENAS o que se afirma em
I - No regime laminar, o fator de atrito é diretamente proporcional ao número de Reynolds.
II - No regime turbulento, o fator de atrito é função do número de Reynolds e da rugosidade relativa da tubulação.
III - A perda de carga é diretamente proporcional ao comprimento equivalente da tubulação.
IV - Mantida a vazão constante, a perda de carga é inversamente proporcional ao diâmetro da tubulação elevado ao quadrado.
É correto APENAS o que se afirma em
Com respeito à cavitação, analise as afirmativas a seguir.
I - Se a pressão em qualquer ponto de um sistema de bombeamento de um líquido cair abaixo de sua pressão de vapor, na temperatura de bombeamento, parte desse líquido se vaporizará, formando bolhas no seio do líquido. Essas bolhas, ao atingirem regiões de maior pressão, sofrerão um colapso repentino, retornando à fase líquida. Esse colapso repentino provoca o aparecimento de ondas de choque, gerando o fenômeno conhecido como cavitação.
II - A probabilidade de ocorrer cavitação é maior nos locais onde há um aumento de velocidade do líquido, uma vez que isso acarreta uma diminuição da pressão local.
III - NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) requerido é a quantidade mínima de energia que deve existir no flange de sucção da bomba, acima da pressão de vapor do líquido, para que não ocorra cavitação.
Está correto o que se afirma em
Considere que a temperatura da superfície interna do tubo seja 65 °C, e que o tubo esteja exposto a uma água a 5 °C, com coeficiente de filme igual a 100 W. m-2. K-1 . Logo, a taxa de calor transferida, em watts, é, aproximadamente,
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Em consequência, em malha fechada, o sistema será
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O desvio máximo atingido nessa resposta, em relação ao estado estacionário inicial, será de
Nesta trepidante cultura nossa, da agitação e do barulho, gostar de sossego é uma excentricidade.
Sob a pressão do ter de parecer, ter de participar, ter de adquirir, ter de qualquer coisa, assumimos uma infinidade de obrigações. Muitas desnecessárias, outras impossíveis, algumas que não combinam conosco nem nos interessam.
Não há perdão nem anistia para os que ficam de fora da ciranda: os que não se submetem mas questionam, os que pagam o preço de sua relativa autonomia, os que não se deixam escravizar, pelo menos sem alguma resistência.
O normal é ser atualizado, produtivo e bem-informado. É indispensável circular, estar enturmado. Quem não corre com a manada praticamente nem existe, se não se cuidar botam numa jaula: um animal estranho.
Acuados pelo relógio, pelos compromissos, pela opinião alheia, disparamos sem rumo – ou em trilhas determinadas – feito hamsters que se alimentam de sua própria agitação.
Ficar sossegado é perigoso: pode parecer doença. Recolher-se em casa, ou dentro de si mesmo, ameaça quem leva um susto cada vez que examina sua alma.
Estar sozinho é considerado humilhante, sinal de que não se arrumou ninguém – como se amizade ou amor se “arrumasse" em loja. [...]
Além do desgosto pela solidão, temos horror à quietude. Logo pensamos em depressão: quem sabe terapia e antidepressivo? Criança que não brinca ou salta nem participa de atividades frenéticas está com algum problema.
O silêncio nos assusta por retumbar no vazio dentro de nós. Quando nada se move nem faz barulho, notamos as frestas pelas quais nos espiam coisas incômodas e mal resolvidas, ou se enxerga outro ângulo de nós mesmos. Nos damos conta de que não somos apenas figurinhas atarantadas correndo entre casa, trabalho e bar, praia ou campo.
Existe em nós, geralmente nem percebido e nada valorizado, algo além desse que paga contas, transa, ganha dinheiro, e come, envelhece, e um dia (mas isso é só para os outros!) vai morrer. Quem é esse que afinal sou eu? Quais seus desejos e medos, seus projetos e sonhos?
No susto que essa ideia provoca, queremos ruí- do, ruídos. Chegamos em casa e ligamos a televisão antes de largar a bolsa ou pasta. Não é para assistir a um programa: é pela distração.
Silêncio faz pensar, remexe águas paradas, trazendo à tona sabe Deus que desconcerto nosso. Com medo de ver quem – ou o que – somos, adia-se o defrontamento com nossa alma sem máscaras.
Mas, se a gente aprende a gostar um pouco de sossego, descobre – em si e no outro – regiões nem imaginadas, questões fascinantes e não necessariamente ruins.
Nunca esqueci a experiência de quando alguém botou a mão no meu ombro de criança e disse: — Fica quietinha, um momento só, escuta a chuva chegando.
E ela chegou: intensa e lenta, tornando tudo singularmente novo. A quietude pode ser como essa chuva: nela a gente se refaz para voltar mais inteiro ao convívio, às tantas fases, às tarefas, aos amores.
Então, por favor, me deem isso: um pouco de silêncio bom para que eu escute o vento nas folhas, a chuva nas lajes, e tudo o que fala muito além das palavras de todos os textos e da música de todos os sentimentos. LUFT, Lya. Pensar é transgredir. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2004. p. 41. Adaptado.
I – por que P – As pessoas ficaram tranquilas ______ não tiveram de refazer o trabalho.
II – porque Q – Não sei o ______ de tanta preocupacão com a pressa.
III – porquê R – Afinal, tantas dúvidas com a terapia, ______?
S – Ignoro ______ razão as pessoas não se habituam à solidão.
O preenchimento dos espaços com as expressões que tornam as sentenças corretas resulta nas seguintes associações:
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.