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1) O regime fascista originou-se na Itália, sob a liderança de Benito Mussolini.
2) O Fascismo foi adotado na Inglaterra durante o governo de Winston Churchill.
3) A Espanha vivenciou o regime fascista durante a presidência do general Franco.
4) A Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936) extinguiu o Fascismo na Espanha.
5) O Fascismo foi adotado em Portugal no governo de Antônio Salazar.
Estão corretas as afirmativas apenas:
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
Disponível em:<https://baneofyourresistance.com/2012/09/14/break-the-urgency-induced-block/>. Acessado em 15 de outubro de 2017.
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
Is gene editing ethical?
Gene editing holds the key to preventing or treating debilitating genetic diseases, giving hope to millions of people around the world. Yet the same technology could unlock the path to designing our future children, enhancing their genome by selecting desirable traits such as height, eye color, and intelligence.
While this concept is not new, a real breakthrough came 5 years ago when several scientists saw the potential of a system called CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the human genome.
CRISPR/Cas9 allows us to target specific locations in the genome with much more precision than previous techniques. This process allows a faulty gene to be replaced with a non-faulty copy, making this technology attractive to those looking to cure genetic diseases.
The technology is not foolproof, however. Scientists have been modifying genes for decades, but there are always trade-offs. We have yet to develop a technique that works 100 percent and doesn't lead to unwanted and uncontrollable mutations in other locations in the genome.
In a laboratory experiment, these so-called off-target effects are not the end of the world. But when it comes to gene editing in humans, this is a major stumbling block.
The fact that gene editing is possible in human embryos has opened a Pandora's box of ethical issues.
Here, the ethical debate around gene editing really gets off the ground.
When gene editing is used in embryos — or earlier, on the sperm or egg of carriers of genetic mutations — it is called germline gene editing. The big issue here is that it affects both the individual receiving the treatment and their future children.
This is a potential game-changer as it implies that we may be able to change the genetic makeup of entire generations on a permanent basis.
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
Is gene editing ethical?
Gene editing holds the key to preventing or treating debilitating genetic diseases, giving hope to millions of people around the world. Yet the same technology could unlock the path to designing our future children, enhancing their genome by selecting desirable traits such as height, eye color, and intelligence.
While this concept is not new, a real breakthrough came 5 years ago when several scientists saw the potential of a system called CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the human genome.
CRISPR/Cas9 allows us to target specific locations in the genome with much more precision than previous techniques. This process allows a faulty gene to be replaced with a non-faulty copy, making this technology attractive to those looking to cure genetic diseases.
The technology is not foolproof, however. Scientists have been modifying genes for decades, but there are always trade-offs. We have yet to develop a technique that works 100 percent and doesn't lead to unwanted and uncontrollable mutations in other locations in the genome.
In a laboratory experiment, these so-called off-target effects are not the end of the world. But when it comes to gene editing in humans, this is a major stumbling block.
The fact that gene editing is possible in human embryos has opened a Pandora's box of ethical issues.
Here, the ethical debate around gene editing really gets off the ground.
When gene editing is used in embryos — or earlier, on the sperm or egg of carriers of genetic mutations — it is called germline gene editing. The big issue here is that it affects both the individual receiving the treatment and their future children.
This is a potential game-changer as it implies that we may be able to change the genetic makeup of entire generations on a permanent basis.
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
Is gene editing ethical?
Gene editing holds the key to preventing or treating debilitating genetic diseases, giving hope to millions of people around the world. Yet the same technology could unlock the path to designing our future children, enhancing their genome by selecting desirable traits such as height, eye color, and intelligence.
While this concept is not new, a real breakthrough came 5 years ago when several scientists saw the potential of a system called CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the human genome.
CRISPR/Cas9 allows us to target specific locations in the genome with much more precision than previous techniques. This process allows a faulty gene to be replaced with a non-faulty copy, making this technology attractive to those looking to cure genetic diseases.
The technology is not foolproof, however. Scientists have been modifying genes for decades, but there are always trade-offs. We have yet to develop a technique that works 100 percent and doesn't lead to unwanted and uncontrollable mutations in other locations in the genome.
In a laboratory experiment, these so-called off-target effects are not the end of the world. But when it comes to gene editing in humans, this is a major stumbling block.
The fact that gene editing is possible in human embryos has opened a Pandora's box of ethical issues.
Here, the ethical debate around gene editing really gets off the ground.
When gene editing is used in embryos — or earlier, on the sperm or egg of carriers of genetic mutations — it is called germline gene editing. The big issue here is that it affects both the individual receiving the treatment and their future children.
This is a potential game-changer as it implies that we may be able to change the genetic makeup of entire generations on a permanent basis.
A team of 30 doctors carried out the surgery - the first of its kind in India - at a state-run hospital.
The boys were born with shared blood vessels and brain tissues, a very rare condition that occurs once in about three million births.
The director of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Randeep Guleria, told the Press Trust of India that the "next 18 days would be extremely critical to ascertain the success of the surgery".
The twins, hailing from a village in eastern Orissa state, were joined at the head - a condition known as craniopagus.
Even before the operation they had defeated the odds; craniopagus occurs in one in three million births, and 50% of those affected die within 24 hours, doctors say.
"Both the children have other health issues as well. While Jaga has heart issues, Kalia has kidney problems," neurosurgeon A K Mahapatra said.
"Though initially Jaga was healthier, now his condition has deteriorated. Kalia is better," he added.
Doctors said the most challenging job after the separation was to "provide a skin cover on both sides of the brain for the children as the surgery had left large holes on their heads".
"If the twins make it, the next step will be reconstructing their skulls," plastic surgeon Maneesh Singhal said.
The first surgery was performed on 28 August when the doctors created a bypass to separate the shared veins that return blood to the heart from the brain.
A team of 30 doctors carried out the surgery - the first of its kind in India - at a state-run hospital.
The boys were born with shared blood vessels and brain tissues, a very rare condition that occurs once in about three million births.
The director of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Randeep Guleria, told the Press Trust of India that the "next 18 days would be extremely critical to ascertain the success of the surgery".
The twins, hailing from a village in eastern Orissa state, were joined at the head - a condition known as craniopagus.
Even before the operation they had defeated the odds; craniopagus occurs in one in three million births, and 50% of those affected die within 24 hours, doctors say.
"Both the children have other health issues as well. While Jaga has heart issues, Kalia has kidney problems," neurosurgeon A K Mahapatra said.
"Though initially Jaga was healthier, now his condition has deteriorated. Kalia is better," he added.
Doctors said the most challenging job after the separation was to "provide a skin cover on both sides of the brain for the children as the surgery had left large holes on their heads".
"If the twins make it, the next step will be reconstructing their skulls," plastic surgeon Maneesh Singhal said.
The first surgery was performed on 28 August when the doctors created a bypass to separate the shared veins that return blood to the heart from the brain.
The underlying mechanisms responsible for phantom limb pain remain unclear. However, it appears that it may arise as a consequence of abnormal neural circuitry in central areas of the brain.
Limited success has been achieved with mirror therapy in which reflections of the unaffected limb can be used to create the illusion that the amputated limb is moving.
Sensors that could detect muscular activity were attached to the stump of the missing arm. The signals received by these sensors were then used to produce an image of an active arm on a computer screen.
Patients were trained to use these signals to control the virtual arm, drive a virtual race car around a track and to copy the movements of an arm on screen with their phantom movements. After twelve 2-hour treatment sessions, the patients underwent follow-up interviews 1, 3 and 6 months later.
Based on the patients' ratings, the intensity, quality, and frequency of pain had reduced by 50% after the treatment.
At the start of the study, 12 patients reported feeling constant pain whereas only 6 did 6months after the treatment. However, one patient thought that there was not a considerable difference in the levels of phantom pain before and after treatment.
The underlying mechanisms responsible for phantom limb pain remain unclear. However, it appears that it may arise as a consequence of abnormal neural circuitry in central areas of the brain.
Limited success has been achieved with mirror therapy in which reflections of the unaffected limb can be used to create the illusion that the amputated limb is moving.
Sensors that could detect muscular activity were attached to the stump of the missing arm. The signals received by these sensors were then used to produce an image of an active arm on a computer screen.
Patients were trained to use these signals to control the virtual arm, drive a virtual race car around a track and to copy the movements of an arm on screen with their phantom movements. After twelve 2-hour treatment sessions, the patients underwent follow-up interviews 1, 3 and 6 months later.
Based on the patients' ratings, the intensity, quality, and frequency of pain had reduced by 50% after the treatment.
At the start of the study, 12 patients reported feeling constant pain whereas only 6 did 6months after the treatment. However, one patient thought that there was not a considerable difference in the levels of phantom pain before and after treatment.
que o operário tem, (fabrica filhos)
tu
na tua superprodução de máquina humana
forneces anjos para o Senhor Jesus
forneces braços para o senhor burguês.
o operário, teu proprietário,
há de ver, há de ver:
a tua produção,
a tua superprodução,
ao contrário das máquinas burguesas,
salvar o teu proprietário.
O poema de Jorge de Lima pode exemplificar:
Estão corretas as indicações em:
1) Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis, e Macunaíma, de Oswald de Andrade.
2) Jeca Tatu, de Monteiro Lobato, e Iracema, de José de Alencar.
3) João Miramar, de Mário de Andrade, e Pasárgada, de Manuel Bandeira.
4) Poti, de José de Alencar, e Capitu, de Machado de Assis.
5) Severino, de João Cabral, e a cadela Baleia, em Vidas Secas, de Graciano Ramos.
Estão corretas as indicações em:
Analise o fragmento de um poema transcrito abaixo.
(Castro Alves. Canto V de O navio negreiro).
O fragmento do poema transcrito acima poderia
aplicar-se a fatos que temos presenciado nos dias de
hoje, embora a literatura tenha como universo de
referência a ficção. No caso desse poema – que se
refere a fatos do mundo real:
Um quadro que dê conta da poesia romântica brasileira pode ser sintetizado conforme o seguinte esquema:
- a 1ª. geração é chamada de ‘nacionalista ou indianista’;
- a 2ª. geração é conhecida como a ‘ultrarromântica’;
- a 3ª. geração é denominada de ‘condoreira’.
1) Os representantes da 1ª. geração escolheram como tema a natureza tropical, o patriotismo e o elemento indígena brasileiro.
2) Foi destaque entre os poetas da primeira geração, o poeta Gonçalves Dias, autor do conhecido poema Canção do Exílio.
3) Os representantes da 2ª. geração alimentaram uma visão pessimista da vida e da sociedade. Têm como expoentes Casimiro de Abreu e José de Alencar.
4) Os representantes da 3ª. geração destacaram-se por uma literatura de caráter social, que denunciava a desigualdade social e defendia a liberdade.
5) Na 3ª. geração, merece destaque o poeta Castro Alves, que, em seu poema Navio Negreiro critica com veemência a escravidão que imperava no Brasil.
Estão corretas as alternativas:
TEXTO 3
1) parece traçar um programa para as ações dos profissionais da saúde.
2) discrimina as condições temporais em que as ações fundamentais devem ocorrer.
3) pontua as ‘ações’ – todas representadas por verbos da 1ª. conjugação.
4) estabelece uma espécie de gradação na referência às ações previstas.
5) a identificação mais clara do profissional em apreço é dada por uma imagem
Estão corretas as alternativas:
TEXTO 2
Frustração infantil: a importância de dizer ‘não’
Outro dia, em um supermercado, deparei-me com uma
criança que se debatia no chão enquanto a mãe explicava o
porquê de não levar o chocolate pedido naquele dia.
Ao ver aquela cena, logo pensei nos sentimentos ali
envolvidos: o constrangimento da mãe, a raiva da criança, e
o que deu início a tudo isso: a frustração.
Mas, afinal, o que é frustração? É o sentimento que nos
atinge pela não realização de um desejo ou expectativa e,
em geral, vem de “mãos dadas” com a raiva e a tristeza.
Apesar de a frustração ser muito associada ao fracasso, ela
é de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento
emocional sadio.
Vivemos em uma era de imediatismos. Desde pequenas, as
crianças estão habituadas a ter acesso à satisfação
instantânea. Lembram-se dos tempos de “outrora”? Eram
tempos em que recebíamos, diariamente, uma pequena
dose de frustração! Aí está, a tal da frustração presente,
desde cedo, em nossas vidas, nas pequenas ações diárias.
Como adultos, sabemos que nem sempre podemos ter o
que desejamos, ou na velocidade desejada. Assim,
percebemos que as frustrações são parte inerente da vida;
encontrar formas de lidar com o desconforto causado por
elas é fundamental para o bem-estar emocional.
Na ânsia de ver nossos filhos felizes, acabamos por atender
a todos os seus desejos, acreditando que, ao negar-lhes
algo, estaremos lhes causando sofrimento. Quando os pais
tentam evitar qualquer tipo de frustração, estão sendo
imediatistas, pois privam seus filhos de oportunidades de crescimento pessoal e de compreensão de mundo. O
excesso de proteção pode resultar em adultos que não
sabem lidar com as adversidades cotidianas.
A cada frustração, a criança aprende a encontrar uma
forma de lidar com o desconforto gerado pela negação do
seu desejo, a encontrar novos caminhos e superar
adversidades. Passar por situações de frustração abre
espaço para desenvolver resiliência, tão importante em
nosso desenvolvimento social e emocional.
Ao permitirmos que as crianças se frustrem algumas vezes,
contribuímos para que elas sejam adultos mais
compreensivos. O não é, pode ser ato de amor.
Aprender, desde cedo, a lidar com o desconforto e a
encontrar formas de se sentir melhor, pode ser uma
poderosa aliada na hora das frustrações.
Paola Centieiro - disponível em
(http://www.asecbrasil.org.br/blog/frustracao-infantil-e-importanciade-dizer-nao/) Acessado em 05/10/2017.
TEXTO 2
Frustração infantil: a importância de dizer ‘não’
Outro dia, em um supermercado, deparei-me com uma
criança que se debatia no chão enquanto a mãe explicava o
porquê de não levar o chocolate pedido naquele dia.
Ao ver aquela cena, logo pensei nos sentimentos ali
envolvidos: o constrangimento da mãe, a raiva da criança, e
o que deu início a tudo isso: a frustração.
Mas, afinal, o que é frustração? É o sentimento que nos
atinge pela não realização de um desejo ou expectativa e,
em geral, vem de “mãos dadas” com a raiva e a tristeza.
Apesar de a frustração ser muito associada ao fracasso, ela
é de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento
emocional sadio.
Vivemos em uma era de imediatismos. Desde pequenas, as
crianças estão habituadas a ter acesso à satisfação
instantânea. Lembram-se dos tempos de “outrora”? Eram
tempos em que recebíamos, diariamente, uma pequena
dose de frustração! Aí está, a tal da frustração presente,
desde cedo, em nossas vidas, nas pequenas ações diárias.
Como adultos, sabemos que nem sempre podemos ter o
que desejamos, ou na velocidade desejada. Assim,
percebemos que as frustrações são parte inerente da vida;
encontrar formas de lidar com o desconforto causado por
elas é fundamental para o bem-estar emocional.
Na ânsia de ver nossos filhos felizes, acabamos por atender
a todos os seus desejos, acreditando que, ao negar-lhes
algo, estaremos lhes causando sofrimento. Quando os pais
tentam evitar qualquer tipo de frustração, estão sendo
imediatistas, pois privam seus filhos de oportunidades de crescimento pessoal e de compreensão de mundo. O
excesso de proteção pode resultar em adultos que não
sabem lidar com as adversidades cotidianas.
A cada frustração, a criança aprende a encontrar uma
forma de lidar com o desconforto gerado pela negação do
seu desejo, a encontrar novos caminhos e superar
adversidades. Passar por situações de frustração abre
espaço para desenvolver resiliência, tão importante em
nosso desenvolvimento social e emocional.
Ao permitirmos que as crianças se frustrem algumas vezes,
contribuímos para que elas sejam adultos mais
compreensivos. O não é, pode ser ato de amor.
Aprender, desde cedo, a lidar com o desconforto e a
encontrar formas de se sentir melhor, pode ser uma
poderosa aliada na hora das frustrações.
Paola Centieiro - disponível em
(http://www.asecbrasil.org.br/blog/frustracao-infantil-e-importanciade-dizer-nao/) Acessado em 05/10/2017.
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