Questões de Vestibular
Sobre tradução | translation em inglês
Foram encontradas 163 questões
Q1339088
Inglês
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W.H.O. calls ‘vaccine hesitancy’ an increasing concern globally
Rick Gladstone
August 18, 2015
The World Health Organization warned Tuesday of what it called the growing problem of “vaccine hesitancy,” when people delay or refuse vaccines for themselves or their children. In a statement on its website, the organization called the problem “a growing challenge for countries seeking to close the immunization gap.” Globally, the organization said, one in five children still do not receive routine lifesaving immunizations, and 1.5 million children die each year of diseases that could have been thwarted by vaccines.
(www.nytimes.com)
No trecho do texto “1.5 million children die each year of
diseases that could have been thwarted by vaccines”, o
termo em destaque indica uma ideia de
Q1335939
Inglês
Texto associado
Pseudoscientific claims that music helps plants grow have been made for decades, despite evidence that is shaky at best. Yet new research suggests some flora may be capable of sensing sounds, such as the gurgle of water through a pipe or the buzzing of insects.
In a recent study, Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues placed pea seedlings in pots shaped like an upside-down Y. One arm of each pot was placed in either a tray of water or a coiled plastic tube through which water flowed; the other arm had dry soil. The roots grew toward the arm of the pipe with the fluid, regardless of whether it was easily accessible or hidden inside the tubing. “They just knew the water was there, even if the only thing to detect was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe,” Gagliano says. Yet when the seedlings were given a choice between the water tube and some moistened soil, their roots favored the latter. She hypothesizes that these plants use sound waves to detect water at a distance but follow moisture gradients to home in on their target when it is closer.
The research, reported earlier this year in Oecologia, is not the first to suggest flora can detect and interpret sounds. A 2014 study showed the rock cress Arabidopsis can distinguish between caterpillar chewing sounds and wind vibrations – the plant produced more chemical toxins after “hearing” a recording of feeding insects. “We tend to underestimate plants because their responses are usually less visible to us. But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibration detectors,” says lead study author Heidi M. Appel, an environmental scientist now at the University of Toledo.
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Can plants hear?
Flora may be able to detect the
sounds of flowing water or munching insects
Pseudoscientific claims that music helps plants grow have been made for decades, despite evidence that is shaky at best. Yet new research suggests some flora may be capable of sensing sounds, such as the gurgle of water through a pipe or the buzzing of insects.
In a recent study, Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues placed pea seedlings in pots shaped like an upside-down Y. One arm of each pot was placed in either a tray of water or a coiled plastic tube through which water flowed; the other arm had dry soil. The roots grew toward the arm of the pipe with the fluid, regardless of whether it was easily accessible or hidden inside the tubing. “They just knew the water was there, even if the only thing to detect was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe,” Gagliano says. Yet when the seedlings were given a choice between the water tube and some moistened soil, their roots favored the latter. She hypothesizes that these plants use sound waves to detect water at a distance but follow moisture gradients to home in on their target when it is closer.
The research, reported earlier this year in Oecologia, is not the first to suggest flora can detect and interpret sounds. A 2014 study showed the rock cress Arabidopsis can distinguish between caterpillar chewing sounds and wind vibrations – the plant produced more chemical toxins after “hearing” a recording of feeding insects. “We tend to underestimate plants because their responses are usually less visible to us. But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibration detectors,” says lead study author Heidi M. Appel, an environmental scientist now at the University of Toledo.
(Marta Zaraska. www.scientificamerican.com, 17.05.2017.)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “the rock cress Arabidopsis
can distinguish”, o termo em destaque tem sentido semelhante, em português, a
Q1335810
Inglês
Texto associado
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The placebo effect: amazing and real
November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling
The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been
fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless
as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their
recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use
placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in
an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug.
Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the
active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help
researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall
please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many
patients who take a placebo show improvement in their
symptoms or condition.
The placebo effect is for real
Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how
powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment
aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological
changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to
those observed among people taking effective medications.
In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results
have been shown to improve among subsets of research
subjects who responded to a placebo.
Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a
placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications
at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion.
Understanding why certain people improve with placebo
treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.
Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin
The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If
you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so.
And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more
likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is
called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For
example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common
side effect of a particular medication, that person is more
likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a
placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably
plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of
commonly prescribed medications.
(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
No trecho do quinto parágrafo “The power of suggestion is a
double-edged sword.”, a expressão em destaque equivale,
em português, a
Q1335808
Inglês
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The placebo effect: amazing and real
November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling
The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been
fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless
as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their
recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use
placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in
an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug.
Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the
active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help
researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall
please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many
patients who take a placebo show improvement in their
symptoms or condition.
The placebo effect is for real
Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how
powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment
aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological
changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to
those observed among people taking effective medications.
In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results
have been shown to improve among subsets of research
subjects who responded to a placebo.
Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a
placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications
at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion.
Understanding why certain people improve with placebo
treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.
Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin
The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If
you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so.
And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more
likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is
called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For
example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common
side effect of a particular medication, that person is more
likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a
placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably
plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of
commonly prescribed medications.
(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
No trecho do quarto parágrafo “Instead, we could simply
wield the power of suggestion.”, o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a
Q1335804
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The placebo effect: amazing and real
November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling
The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been
fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless
as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their
recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use
placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in
an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug.
Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the
active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help
researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall
please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many
patients who take a placebo show improvement in their
symptoms or condition.
The placebo effect is for real
Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how
powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment
aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological
changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to
those observed among people taking effective medications.
In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results
have been shown to improve among subsets of research
subjects who responded to a placebo.
Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a
placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications
at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion.
Understanding why certain people improve with placebo
treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.
Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin
The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If
you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so.
And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more
likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is
called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For
example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common
side effect of a particular medication, that person is more
likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a
placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably
plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of
commonly prescribed medications.
(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
O trecho do segundo parágrafo “And ‘please’ it does.” tem
sentido equivalente, em português, a:
Ano: 2019
Banca:
FUNDATEC
Órgão:
SEBRAE - SP
Prova:
FUNDATEC - 2019 - SEBRAE - SP - Vestibular - Graduação em Administração |
Q1321807
Inglês
Texto associado
Para responder à questão, considere o texto abaixo:
Do you have Fobo?
(Source: https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/do-you-have-fobo-why-fear-of-better-options-is-making-us-miserableand-how-to-get-around-it/330254– Adapted)
Qual o significado de “crippled” (l. 07)?
Ano: 2019
Banca:
FUNDATEC
Órgão:
SEBRAE - SP
Prova:
FUNDATEC - 2019 - SEBRAE - SP - Vestibular - Graduação em Administração |
Q1321806
Inglês
Texto associado
Para responder à questão, considere o texto abaixo:
Do you have Fobo?
(Source: https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/do-you-have-fobo-why-fear-of-better-options-is-making-us-miserableand-how-to-get-around-it/330254– Adapted)
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a tradução mais adequada para a frase “some
degree of fence-seating is understanding” (l. 06).
Ano: 2019
Banca:
CEV-URCA
Órgão:
URCA
Prova:
CEV-URCA - 2019 - URCA - Vestibular - Prova II - História \ Geografia \ Português \ Inglês |
Q1314150
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto 5
From: https://bit.ly/2Fso7p5. Accessed on 11/07/2018
O Texto 5 deixa claro que
Q1303537
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Predictions for the future of 'smart' education
Posted by Charley Rogers - January 22, 2018
A wave of new technology has been introduced into schools up and down the country changing the way
teachers deliver lessons and how students learn.
A research by Randstad Education found schools and colleges have adopted the latest tech to improve teaching and make lessons more interactive and engaging. Some of the innovations already in use include ‘gamifying’ lessons by incorporating game-like rules and tasks to increase motivation. For example, Shireland Academy in the West Midlands included Minecraft on its curriculum.
Education, the research found, will become more project-based and include more interactive content to keep up with students’ changing attitudes towards traditional media. Classrooms, it is predicted, will join the Internet of Things – a network of devices like smartwatches that connect and share data with other items and systems – and create ‘smart schools’ where the teachers, students and devices become more connected.
Pressure on teachers – 75% find their workload unmanageable – as well as rising student numbers means technology will play a larger role performing tasks to save time. Teachers are also reaping the rewards as lessons and assessments move out of the classroom and onto platforms that make it easier for them to chart progress and achieve a better work-life balance. Education experts have highlighted the importance of new techniques that help teachers do their jobs.
However, while tech will become more commonplace in the classroom, it is expected to compliment teachers and not replace them. It´s important to understand that teaching tools have come a long way since the days when teachers used to write on chalkboards and present using an overhead projector.
The research says that students today benefit from some of the most exciting technology available to schools, but it’s not just the pupils who benefit from these innovations through invigorating lessons and virtual learning. Teachers are also reaping the rewards as lessons and assessments move out of the classroom and onto platforms that make it easier for them to chart progress and achieve a better work-life balance.
Technology has arrived and the teachers and classrooms of tomorrow are here today.
Disponível em: <https://edtechnology.co.uk/Article/predictions-for-the-future-of-education>. Acesso em: 19 set. 2018. (Adaptado).
De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica se que
Ano: 2019
Banca:
UEG
Órgão:
UEG
Prova:
UEG - 2019 - UEG - Vestibular - Caderno de Provas Inglês - á Distância |
Q1303247
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto e responda à questão.
This is how the way the world measures success in education is changing
Since 2000 when the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) launched a global
academic benchmark for measuring student outcomes by testing 15-year-olds, many global education systems
have been impacted by what sometimes looks and feels like a race to rank high.
When the OECD launched the Programme for International Student Assessment — PISA — the idea was to enable countries to make cross-national comparisons of student achievement using a common/standard metric to increase human capital. In other words, higher academic achievement should corelate with earnings in the future and a country’s standard of living. As PISA states, it publishes the results of the test a year after the students are tested to help governments shape their education policies.
As PISA has developed, through seven global testing rounds every three years, with the first in 2000 and the most recent in 2018, for some it has gained a reputation as the “Olympics of education” given the widespread attention that country rankings receive following the release of results.
Now, partly in the face of criticisms, PISA is looking at expanding how and what it tests. As this process unfolds, policy-makers must remember that the social consequences of a test are just as important as the test’s content. Putting a new face on PISA will undoubtedly present various opportunities and challenges.
To date, PISA has been restricted to what is generally called the “cognitive” side of learning, focusing on reading, mathematics and scientific literacy. In addition to test questions, students and school principals fill out questionnaires to provide contextual information on student and school environment characteristics that can be associated with more or less favourable performance.
Countries that excel in PISA tests, such as Finland, a country with less than six million people, have become regarded by policy-makers as a “global reference society” — an ideal to aspire to — due to their high performance in PISA rankings.
Asian countries or jurisdictions like Singapore, Hong Kong (China) and Japan tend to consistently achieve exceptional PISA performances and hence get a lot of attention from other countries wishing to emulate their success via borrowing policy. For example, England flew teachers out to China to study mathematics teaching.
In the next administration in 2021, PISA will tackle creative thinking, trying to find ways to assess, and have students assess, flexibility in thinking and habits of creativity such as being inquisitive and persistent. The PISA team is also developing a way of testing students’ digital learning, which should be ready in time for the 2024 assessment.
However, it should be remembered that education policies from high achieving nations don’t migrate across international boundaries without consideration given to national and cultural contexts. Rather, innovations and changes in education require teachers to have the time and opportunity to re-educate themselves in relation to more recent insights in what it means to get the best out of children.
When the OECD launched the Programme for International Student Assessment — PISA — the idea was to enable countries to make cross-national comparisons of student achievement using a common/standard metric to increase human capital. In other words, higher academic achievement should corelate with earnings in the future and a country’s standard of living. As PISA states, it publishes the results of the test a year after the students are tested to help governments shape their education policies.
As PISA has developed, through seven global testing rounds every three years, with the first in 2000 and the most recent in 2018, for some it has gained a reputation as the “Olympics of education” given the widespread attention that country rankings receive following the release of results.
Now, partly in the face of criticisms, PISA is looking at expanding how and what it tests. As this process unfolds, policy-makers must remember that the social consequences of a test are just as important as the test’s content. Putting a new face on PISA will undoubtedly present various opportunities and challenges.
To date, PISA has been restricted to what is generally called the “cognitive” side of learning, focusing on reading, mathematics and scientific literacy. In addition to test questions, students and school principals fill out questionnaires to provide contextual information on student and school environment characteristics that can be associated with more or less favourable performance.
Countries that excel in PISA tests, such as Finland, a country with less than six million people, have become regarded by policy-makers as a “global reference society” — an ideal to aspire to — due to their high performance in PISA rankings.
Asian countries or jurisdictions like Singapore, Hong Kong (China) and Japan tend to consistently achieve exceptional PISA performances and hence get a lot of attention from other countries wishing to emulate their success via borrowing policy. For example, England flew teachers out to China to study mathematics teaching.
In the next administration in 2021, PISA will tackle creative thinking, trying to find ways to assess, and have students assess, flexibility in thinking and habits of creativity such as being inquisitive and persistent. The PISA team is also developing a way of testing students’ digital learning, which should be ready in time for the 2024 assessment.
However, it should be remembered that education policies from high achieving nations don’t migrate across international boundaries without consideration given to national and cultural contexts. Rather, innovations and changes in education require teachers to have the time and opportunity to re-educate themselves in relation to more recent insights in what it means to get the best out of children.
The OECD will need to respond to previous critiques and provide greater transparency around newer test
instruments and the choices made to arrive at rankings. The latter is no small challenge since the future focus of
PISA is based on topics which seem more difficult to evaluate than math, science or reading skills.
Disponível em: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/new-global-testing-standards-will-force-countries-to-revisit-academic-rankings/. Acesso em: 25 jun.
2019. (Adaptado).
Considerando-se os aspectos semânticos presentes no texto, verifica-se que a construção
Q1302685
Inglês
Texto associado
Disponível em: <http://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/de/en/see-boschs-contribution-to-industry-4-0-42895.html>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. (Adaptado)
Observe o infográfico a seguir e responda a questão.
Disponível em: <http://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/de/en/see-boschs-contribution-to-industry-4-0-42895.html>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. (Adaptado)
Em termos de sentido, verifica se que
Q1302501
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto e responda à questão.
Lawyers could be the next profession to be replaced by computers
Technology is often blamed for destroying traditional working-class jobs in sectors like manufacturing and
retail. But blue collar jobs aren't the only ones at risk on an imminent future: white collar jobs are going to be
affected by technology as well.
The legal profession is on the cusp of a transformation in which artificial-intelligence (AI) platforms might
dramatically affect how legal work gets done. Those platforms will mine documents for evidence that will be useful
in litigation, to review and create contracts, raise red flags within companies to identify potential fraud and other
misconduct or do legal research and perform due diligence before corporate acquisitions. Those are all tasks that
— for the moment at least — are largely the responsibility of flesh-and-blood attorneys.
Increasing automation of the legal industry promises to increase efficiency and save client’s money, but
could also cut jobs in the sector as the technology becomes responsible for tasks currently performed by humans.
Advocates of AI, however, argue there could actually be an increase in the sector's labor force as the
technology drives costs down and makes legal services more affordable to greater numbers of people. It's like the
beginning for a future changing in legal profession with AI-powered platform which can perform almost all
mechanical work such as creating a new contract or reviewing it for clients and companies.
What machines do better than people
One question raised by the introduction of AI legal platforms is how well they do their jobs compared to a
flesh-and-blood lawyer, who has years of experience under his belt. Supporters of this new technology defend
that AI platform can search documents for relevant information to lawsuits and other litigation as well as
experienced lawyers. Here are some of AI advantages:
Keywords: human beings are not very good at keyword searches. There's a fallacy that human beings looking at documents is the gold standard which cannot be, because human may miss things.
Database: the explosion in the amount of electronic data generated today makes it hard for human workers to keep up. This so much more data nowadays need these technologies find relevant material for lawyers. Also the AI could not just look at the text of a document or email, it can look at the tone of the conversation, who sent it, to check if the item should be flagged for review in litigation.
Restless: computers don't get tired, they don't get hungry, they don't sleep in and all of the things that are biological problems that can happen to a human being can't happen to computers.
An example of this technology is ROSS - it is a legal research platform based on IBM's cognitive computing system Watson. This technology is being used by a number of law firms, which state that the legal sector has being changing along the years. Firms, particularly larger ones, begin to see the advantage of AI, and their legal future possibly will completely change, with lawyers working from office, home office and other possibilities.
Acesso em: 08 maio 2018. (Adaptado)
Keywords: human beings are not very good at keyword searches. There's a fallacy that human beings looking at documents is the gold standard which cannot be, because human may miss things.
Database: the explosion in the amount of electronic data generated today makes it hard for human workers to keep up. This so much more data nowadays need these technologies find relevant material for lawyers. Also the AI could not just look at the text of a document or email, it can look at the tone of the conversation, who sent it, to check if the item should be flagged for review in litigation.
Restless: computers don't get tired, they don't get hungry, they don't sleep in and all of the things that are biological problems that can happen to a human being can't happen to computers.
An example of this technology is ROSS - it is a legal research platform based on IBM's cognitive computing system Watson. This technology is being used by a number of law firms, which state that the legal sector has being changing along the years. Firms, particularly larger ones, begin to see the advantage of AI, and their legal future possibly will completely change, with lawyers working from office, home office and other possibilities.
Disponível em: <https://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/17/lawyers-could-be-replaced-by-artificial-intelligence.html>
Em termos de sentido, verifica-se que a expressão
Ano: 2018
Banca:
UEG
Órgão:
UEG
Prova:
UEG - 2018 - UEG - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa (a Distância) |
Q1302302
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Global warming is intensifying El Niño weather
As humans put more and more heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, the Earth warms. And the
warming is causing changes that might surprise us. Not only is the warming causing long-term trends in heat, sea
level rise, ice loss, etc.; it’s also making our weather more variable. It’s making otherwise natural cycles of
weather more powerful.
Perhaps the most important natural fluctuation in the Earth’s climate is the El Niño process. El Niño refers
to a short-term period of warm ocean surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific, basically stretching from South
America towards Australia. When an El Niño happens, that region is warmer than usual. If the counterpart La Niña
occurs, the region is colder than usual. Often times, neither an El Niño or La Niña is present and the waters are a
normal temperature. This would be called a “neutral” state.
The ocean waters switch back and forth between El Niño and La Niña every few years. Not regularly, like
a pendulum, but there is a pattern of oscillation. And regardless of which part of the cycle we are in (El Niño or La
Niña), there are consequences for weather around the world. For instance, during an El Niño, we typically see
cooler and wetter weather in the southern United States while it is hotter and drier in South America and Australia.
It’s really important to be able to predict El Niño/La Niña cycles in advance. It’s also important to be able
to understand how these cycles will change in a warming planet.
El Niño cycles have been known for a long time. Their influence around the world has also been known
for almost 100 years. Having observed the effects of El Niño for a century, scientists had the perspective to
understand something might be changing.
The relationship between regional climate and the El Niño/La Niña status in climate model simulations of
the past and future. It was found an intensification of El Niño/La Niña impacts in a warmer climate, especially for
land regions in North America and Australia. Changes between El Niño/La Niña in other areas, like South
America, were less clear. The intensification of weather was more prevalent over land regions.
And this conclusion can be extended to many other situations around the planet. Human pollution is
making our Earth’s natural weather switch more strongly from one extreme to another. It’s a weather whiplash that
will continue to get worse as we add pollution to the atmosphere.
Fortunately, every other country on the planet (with the exception of the US leadership) understands that
climate change is an important issue and those countries are taking action. It isn’t too late to change our trajectory
toward a better future for all of us. But the time is running out. The Earth is giving us a little nudge by showing us,
via today’s intense weather, what tomorrow will be like if we don’t take action quickly.
Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/aug/29/global-warming-is-intensifying-el-nino-weather>. Acesso
em: 19 set. 2018. (Adaptado).
De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que
Q1300892
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine
Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which
have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the
right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of
electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images,
DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns
in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this
technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.
Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?
One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis
of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and
echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality
data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital
images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these
images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some
interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly
trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that
identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a
clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying,
"This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much
larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data
pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.
What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?
It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide
assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain
hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate.
To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the
patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's
values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI
function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my
opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and
councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que o trecho
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Cerrado
Located between the Amazon, Atlantic Forests and Pantanal, the Cerrado is the largest savanna region in South America.
The Cerrado is one of the most threatened and overexploited regions in Brazil, second only to the Atlantic Forests in vegetation loss and deforestation. Unsustainable agricultural activities, particularly soy production and cattle ranching, as well as burning of vegetation for charcoal, continue to pose a major threat to the Cerrado’s biodiversity. Despite its environmental importance, it is one of the least protected regions in Brazil.
Facts & Figures
• Covering 2 million km2 , or 21% of the country’s territory, the Cerrado is the second largest vegetation type in Brazil.
• The area is equivalent to the size of England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain combined.
• More than 1,600 species of mammals, birds and reptiles have been identified in the Cerrado.
• Annual rainfall is around 800 to 1600 mm.
• The capital of Brazil, Brasilia, is located in the heart of the Cerrado. • Only 20% of the Cerrado’s original vegetation remains intact; less than 3% of the area is currently guarded by law.
(http://wwf.panda.org. Adaptado.)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Despite its environmental
importance”, o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a
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Inglês
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Leia o texto para responder a questão.
HEALTH
PEOPLE WITH A SENSE OF PURPOSE LIVE LONGER,
STUDY SUGGESTS
BY KASHMIRA GANDER ON 5/24/19 AT 11:10 AM EDT
People who have a sense of purpose in life appear to
live longer, according to the latest research linking
this outlook to a person’s quality of life and to better
physical and mental health.
The authors of the study published in the journal
JAMA Network Open looked at data collected from 6,985 adults who were signed up to the Health
and Retirement Study on people ages 50 and above
in the US. The team looked at a group who completed
a questionnaire in 2006 about their purpose in life,
and used it to come up with a score. On average, the
participants were 68.6 years old. Next, the scientists
looked at causes of death in the group between 2006
and 2010. Variables included their demographic,
marital status, race and education level. Lifestyle
choices like smoking and drinking were also noted.
Purpose was defined by the authors as a selforganizing life aim that stimulates goals, promotes
healthy behaviors and gives meaning to life.
The data revealed that the stronger the participants
felt they had a purpose in life, the lower their risk of
dying. This result remained even when the scientists
adjusted their calculations for factors that could affect
their score, such as a participants’ sociodemographic
status and their health.
But scientists don’t know why there seems to be a
link between purposefulness and the length of life.
One explanation is that the attitude and overall wellbeing could prevent genes linked with inflammation
from being expressed in the body. Meanwhile, lacking
a purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be
healthy and active, the authors suggested.
Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and
behavioral science at the University of Warwick, in the
U.K., who studies human happiness, told Newsweek:
“It is as though the mind and body can draw on a pool
of immune responses, and a healthy mind allows the
body more immune response, in some way that we
simply do not understand in 2019. Remarkably, a
number of studies seem to show that happy people
and people with a sense of purpose live longer.
<https://tinyurl.com/yykc8uu4> Acesso em: 27.05.2019. Adaptado.
No trecho do quinto parágrafo — Meanwhile, lacking a
purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be healthy and
active – o termo em destaque corresponde em português a
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Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Dying to defend the planet: why Latin America
is the deadliest place for environmentalists
February 11, 2017
Defending nature is a dangerous occupation, especially in Latin America. According to a recent report by Global Witness, an NGO, 185 environmental activists were murdered worldwide in 2015, an increase of 59% from the year before. More than half the killings were in Latin America. In Brazil 50 green campaigners died in 2015. Honduras is especially dangerous: 123 activists have died there since 2010, the highest number of any country relative to its population. Berta Cáceres, an indigenous leader who was a prominent campaigner against dams and plantations, was murdered there.
Why is Latin America so deadly? One reason is its abundant natural resources, which attract enterprises of all sorts, from multinationals to mafias. When prices are low, as they are now, the most rapacious do not go away; to maintain their profits they become more aggressive, says David Kaimowitz of the Ford Foundation, which gives money to good causes. New technologies open up new battlefronts. Soya beans bred to grow in tropical conditions have encouraged farmers to displace cattle ranchers, who in turn have advanced into the rainforest. Small prospectors can now extract gold from soil rather than just hunting around. That opens up new areas for exploitation, such as San Rafael de Flores in south-eastern Guatemala, where activists have been murdered.
The odds of finding the criminals are greater if the victim is foreign. Dorothy Stang, an American nun who fought to protect the Amazon rainforest, was killed in Brazil 12 years ago. Both the gunman and a rancher who had hired him eventually went to jail. But that is an exception.
(https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2017/02/11/
why-latin-america-is-the-deadliest-place-for-environmentalists. Adaptado)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo – Small prospectors can
now extract gold from soil rather than just hunting around – a
expressão em destaque equivale, em português, a
Ano: 2016
Banca:
IFN-MG
Órgão:
IFN-MG
Prova:
IFN-MG - 2016 - IFN-MG - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1275121
Inglês
As long as poverty, injustice and gross inequality persist in our world, none of us can
truly rest.
Nelson Mandela Disponível em:<www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/nelson_mandela.htm>. Acesso em: 24 ago. 2016
Nelson Mandela foi um líder rebelde, presidente da África do Sul de 1994 a 1999 e agraciado com o prêmio Nobel da paz em 1993. Nesse trecho, Mandela diz que nenhum de nós pode verdadeiramente descansar enquanto persistirem:
Nelson Mandela Disponível em:<www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/nelson_mandela.htm>. Acesso em: 24 ago. 2016
Nelson Mandela foi um líder rebelde, presidente da África do Sul de 1994 a 1999 e agraciado com o prêmio Nobel da paz em 1993. Nesse trecho, Mandela diz que nenhum de nós pode verdadeiramente descansar enquanto persistirem:
Ano: 2016
Banca:
IFN-MG
Órgão:
IFN-MG
Prova:
IFN-MG - 2016 - IFN-MG - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1275117
Inglês
“Don't be in a hurry to condemn because he doesn't do what you do or think as you
think or as fast. There was a time when you didn't know what you know today.” Malcolm X
Disponível em: <http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/281078-don-t-be-in-a-hurry-to-condemn-becausehe-doesn-t>. Acesso em: 12 set. 2016
Citações são passagens curtas retiradas de textos orais ou escritos. Nessa citação, Malcolm X aconselha a:
Disponível em: <http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/281078-don-t-be-in-a-hurry-to-condemn-becausehe-doesn-t>. Acesso em: 12 set. 2016
Citações são passagens curtas retiradas de textos orais ou escritos. Nessa citação, Malcolm X aconselha a:
Ano: 2016
Banca:
UFVJM-MG
Órgão:
UFVJM-MG
Prova:
UFVJM-MG - 2016 - UFVJM-MG - Vestibular - 2º Etapa |
Q1274719
Inglês
A palavra “scholarship” (linha 1) pode ser traduzida como
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