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Sobre verbos | verbs em inglês
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TEXT
The need to constantly adapt is the new reality for many workers, well beyond the information technology business. Car mechanics, librarians, doctors, Hollywood special effects designers — virtually everyone whose job is touched by computing — are being forced to find new, more efficient ways to learn as retooling becomes increasingly important not just to change careers, but simply to stay competitive on their chosen path.
Going back to school for months or years is not realistic for many workers, who are often left to figure out for themselves what new skills will make them more valuable, or just keep them from obsolescence. In their quest to occupy a useful niche, they are turning to bite-size instructional videos, peer-to-peer forums and virtual college courses.
Lynda Gratton, a professor of management practice at the London Business School, has coined a term for this necessity: “serial mastery.”
“You can’t expect that what you’ve become a master in will keep you valuable throughout the whole of your career, and you want to add to that the fact that most people are now going to be working into their 70s,” she said, adding that workers must try to choose specialties that cannot be outsourced or automated. “Being a generalist is, in my view, very unwise. Your major competitor is Wikipedia or Google.”
Businesses have responded by pouring more money into training, even in the current economic doldrums, according to several measures. They have experimented by paying employees to share their expertise in internal social networks, creating video games that teach and, human resources consultants say, enticing employees with tuition help even if they leave the company.
Individuals have also shouldered a lot of responsibility for their own upgrades. Lynda.com, which charges $25 a month for access to training videos on topics like the latest version of Photoshop, says its base of individual customers has been growing 42 percent a year since 2008. Online universities like Udacity and Coursera are on pace to double in size in a year, according to Josh Bersin of Bersin & Associates, a consulting firm that specializes in learning and talent management. The number of doctors participating in continuing education programs has more than doubled in the last decade, with the vast majority of the growth stemming from the increased popularity of Internet-based activities, according to the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education in Chicago.
The struggle is not just to keep up, but to anticipate a future of rapid change. When the AshevilleBuncombe Technical Community College in North Carolina wanted to start a program for developing smartphone and tablet apps, the faculty had to consider the name carefully. “We had this title Mobile Applications, and then we realized that it may not be apps in two years, it may be something else,” said Pamela Silvers, the chairwoman of the business computer technologies department. “So we changed it to Mobile Development.”
As the metadata and digital archivist at Emory University, Elizabeth Russey Roke, 35, has had to keep up with evolving standards that help different databases share information, learn how to archive “born digital” materials, and use computers to bring literary and social connections among different collections to life. The bulk of her learning has been on the job, supplemented by the occasional course or videos on Lynda.com.
“For me, it’s easier to learn something in the classroom than it is on my own,” she said. “But I can’t exactly afford another three years of library school.”
Rapid change is a challenge for traditional universities; textbooks and even journals often lag too far behind the curve to be of help, said Kunal Mehta, a Ph.D. student in bioengineering at Stanford University. His field is so new, and changing so rapidly, he said, that there is little consensus on established practices or necessary skills. “It’s more difficult to know what we should learn,” he said. “We have advisers that we work with, but a lot of times they don’t know any better than us what’s going to happen in the future.”
Instead, Mr. Mehta, 26, spends a lot of time comparing notes with others in his field, just as many professionals turn to their peers to help them stay current. The International Automotive Technicians Network, where mechanics pay $15 a month to trade tips on repairs, has more than 75,000 active users today, up from 48,000 in 2006, said Scott Brown, the president.
In an economy where new, specialized knowledge is worth so much, it may seem anticompetitive to share expertise. But many professionals say they don’t see it that way.
“We’re scattered all over the country, Australia, New Zealand, the U.K., so it never really bothered us that we were sharing the secrets of what we do,” said Bill Moss, whose repair shop in Warrenton, Va., specializes in European cars, and who is a frequent user of peer-to-peer forums.
Mr. Moss, 55, said technological advances and proprietary diagnostic tools had forced many garages to specialize. Ten years ago, if his business had hit a slow patch, he said, he would have been quicker to broaden his repertory. “I might have looked at other brands and said, ‘These cars aren’t so bad.’ That’s much harder to do now, based on technology and equipment requirements.” His training budget is about $4,000 a year for each repair technician.
Learning curves are not always driven by technology. Managers have to deal with different cultures, different time zones and different generations as well as changing attitudes. As medical director of the Reproductive Science Center of New England, Dr. Samuel C. Pang has used patient focus groups and sensitivity training to help the staff adjust to treating lesbian couples, gay male couples, and transgendered couples who want to have children. This has given the clinic a competitive advantage.
“We have had several male couples and lesbian couples come to our program from our competitors’ program because they said they didn’t feel comfortable there,” Dr. Pang said.
On top of that, he has to master constantly evolving technology. “The amount of information that I learned in medical school is minuscule,” he said, “compared to what is out there now.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/22
In questions, sentences from the text may have been modified/adapted to fit certain grammatical structures.
The sentences “This has given the clinic a competitive advantage.” and “The base of individual customers has been growing 42 percent a year since 2008.” are, respectively, in the
TEXT C
(The Economist, May 22nd, 2010)
ASSINALE a alternativa que NÃO contém verbos no modo imperativo:
Read text 1 to answer question.
Text 1
Newsweek. Available in
http://www.newsweek.com/photo/2008/12/18/cartoonsnewsweeks-best-of-2008.html.
Access on: May 03, 2011.
Read the following text to answer question.
The nature of intelligence
For many years, scientists (1) ___________ define the nature of human intelligence.
However, they (2) ___________unable to agree on whether there is one kind of
intelligence, or several kinds. In the early 20th century, psychologist Charles
Spearman came up with the concept of 'g' or 'general intelligence'. He (3)
___________ subjects a variety of different tests and (4) ___________ that the people
who performed well in the tests used one part of the brain, which he called 'g', for all
the tests. More recently, research (5)___________ that this idea may well be true, as
one part of the brain (the lateral prefrontal cortex) shows increased blood flow during
testing. However, some scientists believe that intelligence is a matter of how much
people (6) ___________rather than some ability they are born with. They believe that
environment also matters.
VINCE, M. Macmillan English grammar in context. Macmillan, London. 2008. p. 22. Adapted.
Check the alternative that shows the sequence of words that CORRECTLY fill in the spaces (1-6).
Published in 1981, Todd Strasser’s The Wave recounts a true incident that took place in a history class at a Palo Alto, California, high school in 1969. The teacher of the class, Ron Jones, (1)__________ is fictionally renamed Ben Ross in the book, actually formulated the experiment described in the narrative in an effort to help his students understand how the Holocaust could have happened without the mass condemnation of the German people. What begins as a simple class project quickly takes on a life of its own, (2) __________, as students conform mindlessly to the experimental system, and others are pressured ruthlessly to join in. Group dynamics and peer influence bordering on coercion create a sinister atmosphere of fear and mistrust, The Wave spontaneously takes on the characteristics of a cult. The event disrupts an entire school (3) __________ raises a plethora of dark questions concerning responsibility, freedom, and group dynamics. Ron Jones calls it “one of the most frightening events ever experienced in the classroom.” As a novelization of a teleplay by Johnny Dawkins, based on a short story by Ron Jones, Strasser’s book (4) __________ not have attracted an abundance of criticism as a literary entity in itself, (5) __________ The Wave clearly holds an important place in the canon of young adult literature. (…) Available at: <http://www.enotes.com/topics/the-wave/critical-essays>. Accessed on: 20 set. 2016
Choose the CORRECT alternative..
Leia o TEXTO 03 para responder à questão:
TEXTO 01
I - “began” (l. 01) e “didn't spend” (l. 06) estão no passado simples.
II - “seems” (l. 02) e “prefers” (l. 04) estão no presente simples.
III - “would never have become” (l. 06) é uma estrutura usada para algo que não teria acontecido com uma condição, expressa por uma outra oração com o verbo no passado simples.
IV - “we´ve been thinking” (l. 08) e “has been” (l. 10) estão no presente perfeito contínuo.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
Text II:
APPLE PIE RECIPE
6 cups thinly sliced apples
3/4 cup white sugar
1 tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1 recipe pastry for a 9-inch double-crust pie
Prepare your pastry for a two crust pie. Wipe, quarter, core, peel, and slice apples; measure to 6 cups.
Combine sugar and cinnamon. The amount of sugar used depends on how tart your apples are. Arrange
apples in layers in pastry lined pie plate. Sprinkle each layer with sugar and cinnamon. Dot top layer with
small pieces of butter or margarine. Cover with top crust. Place on lowest rack in oven preheated to 450
degrees F (230 degrees C). Bake for 10 minutes, then reduce oven temperature to 350 degrees F (175
degrees C). Bake for 30 to 35 minutes longer. Serve warm or cold.
Source: < https://goo.gl/N6rWtZ > Date of retrieval: June 13th, 2018.
ASSINALE a alternativa que NÃO contém verbos no modo imperativo:
'The fact … has led to the creation of…‟;
'The entire nation has managed to grasp the most…‟
Escolha a sentença na qual o 'present perfect' foi usado incorretamente:
WAR PHOTOGRAPHER WHO SURVIVED LEUKAEMIA EXPOSED AS A FAKE
Eduardo Martins passed off photos of British surfer as himself and some of his war zone pictures were stolen.
How English evolved into a global language
As the British Library charts the evolution of English in a new major exhibition, author Michael Rosen gives a brief history of a language that has grown to world domination with phrases such as "cool" and "go to it".
The need for an international language has always existed. In the past it was about religion and intellectual debate. With the technologies of today, it's about communicating with others anywhere in the world in a matter of moments.
Two events, separated by nearly 400 years, show how this need has always been present.
Firstly, sitting in front of me I have a copy of the celebrated book Utopia, by Sir Thomas More. This particular edition is published in 1629 in Amsterdam, not in English, not in Dutch, but in Latin.
The second event was a talk I recently had with a German scientist. He said that he knew of scientific conferences taking place in Germany, where all the people attending were German and yet the conference was conducted in English.
Source: <http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-12017753>
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