Questões de Vestibular
Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês
Foram encontradas 506 questões
Ano: 2018
Banca:
PUC - RJ
Órgão:
PUC - RJ
Prova:
PUC - RJ - 2018 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - Inglês - Grupo 2 - 1º dia - manhã |
Q1298286
Inglês
Texto associado
Available a
The word assumption in “There is also a general
assumption that it will naturally reduce loneliness.” (lines
84-85) can be replaced, without change in meaning, by
Ano: 2018
Banca:
PUC - RJ
Órgão:
PUC - RJ
Prova:
PUC - RJ - 2018 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - Inglês - Grupo 2 - 1º dia - manhã |
Q1298284
Inglês
Texto associado
Available a
The option in which the expression in boldface conveys
an idea of condition is
Ano: 2018
Banca:
PUC - RJ
Órgão:
PUC - RJ
Prova:
PUC - RJ - 2018 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - Inglês - Grupo 2 - 1º dia - manhã |
Q1298280
Inglês
Texto associado
Available a
In the fragment “This kind of science fiction may turn out to
be remarkably prescient.” (lines 6-8), the expression turn
out to be can be replaced, without change in meaning, by
Ano: 2013
Banca:
UECE-CEV
Órgão:
UECE
Prova:
UECE-CEV - 2013 - UECE - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 2ª fase |
Q1279899
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT
BRASÍLIA — Brazil’s highest court has long
viewed itself as a bastion of manners and formality.
Justices call one another “Your Excellency,” dress in
billowing robes and wrap each utterance in
grandiloquence, as if little had changed from the era
when marquises and dukes held sway from their
vast plantations.
In one televised feud, Mr. Barbosa questioned
another justice about whether he would even be on
the court had he not been appointed by his cousin, a
former president impeached in 1992. With another
justice, Mr. Barbosa rebuked him over what the chief
justice considered his condescending tone, telling
him he was not his “capanga,” a term describing a
hired thug.
In one of his most scathing comments, Mr.
Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice,
took on the entire legal system of Brazil — where it
is still remarkably rare for politicians to ever spend
time in prison, even after being convicted of crimes
— contending that the mentality of judges was
“conservative, pro-status-quo and pro-impunity.”
“I have a temperament that doesn’t adapt well
to politics,” Mr. Barbosa, 58, said in a recent
interview in his quarters here in the Supreme
Federal Tribunal, a modernist landmark designed by
the architect Oscar Niemeyer. “It’s because I speak
my mind so much.”
His acknowledged lack of tact
notwithstanding, he is the driving force behind a
series of socially liberal and establishment-shaking
rulings, turning Brazil’s highest court — and him in
particular — into a newfound political power and the
subject of popular fascination.
The court’s recent rulings include a unanimous
decision upholding the University of Brasília’s
admissions policies aimed at increasing the number
of black and indigenous students, opening the way
for one of the Western Hemisphere’s most sweeping
affirmative action laws for higher education.
In another move, Mr. Barbosa used his sway
as chief justice and president of the panel
overseeing Brazil’s judiciary to effectively legalize
same-sex marriage across the country. And in an
anticorruption crusade, he is overseeing the
precedent-setting trial of senior political figures in
the governing Workers Party for their roles in a vast
vote-buying scheme.
Ascending to Brazil’s high court, much less
pushing the institution to assert its independence,
long seemed out of reach for Mr. Barbosa, the eldest
of eight children raised in Paracatu, an impoverished
city in Minas Gerais State, where his father worked
as a bricklayer.
But his prominence — not just on the court,
but in the streets as well — is so well established
that masks with his face were sold for Carnival,
amateur musicians have composed songs about his
handling of the corruption trial and posted them on
YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge street protests that shook the nation this year told
pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top
choices for president in next year’s elections.
While the protests have subsided since their
height in June, the political tumult they set off
persists. The race for president, once considered a
shoo-in for the incumbent, Dilma Rousseff, is now
up in the air, with Mr. Barbosa — who is now so
much in the public eye that gossip columnists are
following his romance with a woman in her 20s —
repeatedly saying he will not run. “I’m not a
candidate for anything,” he says.
But the same public glare that has turned
him into a celebrity has singed him as well. While
he has won widespread admiration for his guidance
of the high court, Mr. Barbosa, like almost every
other prominent political figure in Brazil, has
recently come under scrutiny. And for someone
accustomed to criticizing the so-called supersalaries awarded to some members of Brazil’s legal
system, the revelations have put Mr. Barbosa on
the defensive.
One report in the Brazilian news media
described how he received about $180,000 in
payments for untaken leaves of absence during his
19 years as a public prosecutor. (Such payments
are common in some areas of Brazil’s large public
bureaucracy.) Another noted that he bought an
apartment in Miami through a limited liability
company, suggesting an effort to pay less taxes on
the property. In statements, Mr. Barbosa contends
that he has done nothing wrong.
In a country where a majority of people now
define themselves as black or of mixed race — but
where blacks remain remarkably rare in the
highest echelons of political institutions and
corporations — Mr. Barbosa’s trajectory and abrupt
manner have elicited both widespread admiration
and a fair amount of resistance.
As a teenager, Mr. Barbosa moved to the
capital, Brasília, finding work as a janitor in a
courtroom. Against the odds, he got into the
University of Brasília, the only black student in its
law program at the time. Wanting to see the
world, he later won admission into Brazil’s
diplomatic service, which promptly sent him to
Helsinki, the Finnish capital on the shore of the
Baltic Sea.
Sensing that he would not advance much in
the diplomatic service, which he has called “one of
the most discriminatory institutions of Brazil,” Mr.
Barbosa opted for a career as a prosecutor. He
alternated between legal investigations in Brazil
and studies abroad, gaining fluency in English,
French and German, and earning a doctorate in
law at Pantheon-Assas University in Paris.
Fascinated by the legal systems of other
countries, Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on affirmative
action in the United States. He still voices his
admiration for figures like Thurgood Marshall, the
first black Supreme Court justice in the United
States, and William J. Brennan Jr., who for years
embodied the court’s liberal vision, clearly drawing
inspiration from them as he pushed Brazil’s high
court toward socially liberal rulings.
Still, no decision has thrust Mr. Barbosa into
Brazil’s public imagination as much as his handling
of the trial of political operatives, legislators and
bankers found guilty in a labyrinthine corruption
scandal called the mensalão, or big monthly
allowance, after the regular payments made to
lawmakers in exchange for their votes.
Last November, at Mr. Barbosa’s urging, the
high court sentenced some of the most powerful
figures in the governing Workers Party to years in
prison for their crimes in the scheme, including
bribery and unlawful conspiracy, jolting a political
system in which impunity for politicians has been the
norm.
Now the mensalão trial is entering what could
be its final phases, and Mr. Barbosa has at times
been visibly exasperated that defendants who have
already been found guilty and sentenced have
managed to avoid hard jail time. He has clashed
with other justices over their consideration of a rare
legal procedure in which appeals over close votes at
the high court are examined.
Losing his patience with one prominent
justice, Ricardo Lewandowski, who tried to absolve
some defendants of certain crimes, Mr. Barbosa
publicly accused him this month of “chicanery” by
using legalese to prop up certain positions. An
outcry ensued among some who could not stomach
Mr. Barbosa’s talking to a fellow justice like that.
“Who does Justice Joaquim Barbosa think he is?”
asked Ricardo Noblat, a columnist for the newspaper
O Globo, questioning whether Mr. Barbosa was
qualified to preside over the court. “What powers
does he think he has just because he’s sitting in the
chair of the chief justice of the Supreme Federal
Tribunal?”
Mr. Barbosa did not apologize. In the
interview, he said some tension was necessary for
the court to function properly. “It was always like
this,” he said, contending that arguments are now
just easier to see because the court’s proceedings
are televised.
Linking the court’s work to the recent wave of
protests, he explained that he strongly disagreed
with the violence of some demonstrators, but he
also said he believed that the street movements
were “a sign of democracy’s exuberance.”
“People don’t want to passively stand by and
observe these arrangements of the elite, which were
always the Brazilian tradition,” he said.
The expression “Not just on the court, but in
the streets as well” can be correctly rewritten as
Ano: 2012
Banca:
UECE-CEV
Órgão:
UECE
Prova:
UECE-CEV - 2012 - UECE - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 1º Dia - 2ª fase |
Q1278809
Inglês
Texto associado
T E X T
SPEAKING two languages rather than just
one has obvious practical benefits in an
increasingly globalized world. But in recent years,
scientists have begun to show that the advantages
of bilingualism are even more fundamental than
being able to converse with a wider range of
people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you
smarter. It can have a profound effect on your
brain, improving cognitive skills not related to
language and even shielding against dementia in
old age.
This view of bilingualism is remarkably
different from the understanding of bilingualism
through much of the 20th century. Researchers,
educators and policy makers long considered a
second language to be an interference, cognitively
speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and
intellectual development.
They were not wrong about the
interference: there is ample evidence that in a
bilingual’s brain both language systems are active
even when he is using only one language, thus
creating situations in which one system obstructs
the other. But this interference, researchers are
finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a
blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve
internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that
strengthens its cognitive muscles.
Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more
adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of
mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the
psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle MartinRhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were
asked to sort blue circles and red squares
presented on a computer screen into two digital
bins — one marked with a blue square and the
other marked with a red circle.
In the first task, the children had to sort
the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin
marked with the blue square and red squares in
the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did
this with comparable ease. Next, the children were
asked to sort by shape, which was more
challenging because it required placing the images
in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The
bilinguals were quicker at performing this task.
The collective evidence from a number of
such studies suggests that the bilingual experience
improves the brain’s so-called executive function
— a command system that directs the attention
processes that we use for planning, solving
problems and performing various other mentally
demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring
distractions to stay focused, switching attention
willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a
sequence of directions while driving.
Why does the tussle between two
simultaneously active language systems improve
these aspects of cognition? Until recently,
researchers thought the bilingual advantage
stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition
that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one
language system: this suppression, it was thought,
would help train the bilingual mind to ignore
distractions in other contexts. But that explanation
increasingly appears to be inadequate, since
studies have shown that bilinguals perform better
than monolinguals even at tasks that do not
require inhibition, like threading a line through an
ascending series of numbers scattered randomly
on a page.
The key difference between bilinguals and
monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened
ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals
have to switch languages quite often — you may
talk to your father in one language and to your
mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a
researcher at the University of PompeuFabra in
Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes
around you in the same way that we monitor our
surroundings when driving.” In a study comparing
German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals
on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues
found that the bilingual subjects not only
performed better, but they also did so with less
activity in parts of the brain involved in
monitoring, indicating that they were more
efficient at it.
The bilingual experience appears to
influence the brain from infancy to old age (and
there is reason to believe that it may also apply to
those who learn a second language later in life).
In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of
the International School for Advanced Studies in
Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two
languages from birth were compared with peers
raised with one language. In an initial set of trials,
the infants were presented with an audio cue and
then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both
infant groups learned to look at that side of the
screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later
set of trials, when the puppet began appearing on
the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed
to a bilingual environment quickly learned to
switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction
while the other babies did not.
Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the
twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly
Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the
neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University
of California, San Diego, found that individuals
with a higher degree of bilingualism — measured
through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in
each language — were more resistant than others
to the onset of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of
bilingualism, the later the age of onset.
Nobody ever doubted the power of
language. But who would have imagined that the
words we hear and the sentences we speak might
be leaving such a deep imprint?
Source: www.nytimes.com
As to the meaning of the words “stemmed”,
“tussle”, “gaze”, and “onset” in the text, it is
expressed respectively in
Ano: 2012
Banca:
UECE-CEV
Órgão:
UECE
Prova:
UECE-CEV - 2012 - UECE - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 1º Dia - 2ª fase |
Q1278808
Inglês
Texto associado
T E X T
SPEAKING two languages rather than just
one has obvious practical benefits in an
increasingly globalized world. But in recent years,
scientists have begun to show that the advantages
of bilingualism are even more fundamental than
being able to converse with a wider range of
people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you
smarter. It can have a profound effect on your
brain, improving cognitive skills not related to
language and even shielding against dementia in
old age.
This view of bilingualism is remarkably
different from the understanding of bilingualism
through much of the 20th century. Researchers,
educators and policy makers long considered a
second language to be an interference, cognitively
speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and
intellectual development.
They were not wrong about the
interference: there is ample evidence that in a
bilingual’s brain both language systems are active
even when he is using only one language, thus
creating situations in which one system obstructs
the other. But this interference, researchers are
finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a
blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve
internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that
strengthens its cognitive muscles.
Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more
adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of
mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the
psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle MartinRhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were
asked to sort blue circles and red squares
presented on a computer screen into two digital
bins — one marked with a blue square and the
other marked with a red circle.
In the first task, the children had to sort
the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin
marked with the blue square and red squares in
the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did
this with comparable ease. Next, the children were
asked to sort by shape, which was more
challenging because it required placing the images
in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The
bilinguals were quicker at performing this task.
The collective evidence from a number of
such studies suggests that the bilingual experience
improves the brain’s so-called executive function
— a command system that directs the attention
processes that we use for planning, solving
problems and performing various other mentally
demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring
distractions to stay focused, switching attention
willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a
sequence of directions while driving.
Why does the tussle between two
simultaneously active language systems improve
these aspects of cognition? Until recently,
researchers thought the bilingual advantage
stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition
that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one
language system: this suppression, it was thought,
would help train the bilingual mind to ignore
distractions in other contexts. But that explanation
increasingly appears to be inadequate, since
studies have shown that bilinguals perform better
than monolinguals even at tasks that do not
require inhibition, like threading a line through an
ascending series of numbers scattered randomly
on a page.
The key difference between bilinguals and
monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened
ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals
have to switch languages quite often — you may
talk to your father in one language and to your
mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a
researcher at the University of PompeuFabra in
Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes
around you in the same way that we monitor our
surroundings when driving.” In a study comparing
German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals
on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues
found that the bilingual subjects not only
performed better, but they also did so with less
activity in parts of the brain involved in
monitoring, indicating that they were more
efficient at it.
The bilingual experience appears to
influence the brain from infancy to old age (and
there is reason to believe that it may also apply to
those who learn a second language later in life).
In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of
the International School for Advanced Studies in
Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two
languages from birth were compared with peers
raised with one language. In an initial set of trials,
the infants were presented with an audio cue and
then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both
infant groups learned to look at that side of the
screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later
set of trials, when the puppet began appearing on
the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed
to a bilingual environment quickly learned to
switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction
while the other babies did not.
Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the
twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly
Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the
neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University
of California, San Diego, found that individuals
with a higher degree of bilingualism — measured
through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in
each language — were more resistant than others
to the onset of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of
bilingualism, the later the age of onset.
Nobody ever doubted the power of
language. But who would have imagined that the
words we hear and the sentences we speak might
be leaving such a deep imprint?
Source: www.nytimes.com
An example of a pair of words/terms that
appear in the text with similar meaning is
Ano: 2010
Banca:
CPCON
Órgão:
UEPB
Prova:
CPCON - 2010 - UEPB - Vestibular - Português - Literatura Brasileira e Inglês |
Q1275780
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT B
High Marks for Clean Water
Retrieve a discarded water bottle. Tear off the label and fill
it with any water that’s not too murky from a creek, standpipe or a
puddle. Place the bottle on a piece of metal in full sun. In six hours
the UVA radiation will kill viruses, bacteria and parasites in the water,
making it safe to drink.
SODIS, the acronym for this Swiss - pioneered water -
disinfection program, is now being used all over the world to provide
drinking water for some four million people. “It’s simple, it’s free, and
it’s effective,” says Ibelatha Mhelela, principal of the Ndolela Primary
School in Tanzania. In 2006 her school started using SODIS to
disinfect its contaminated tap water, placing bottles on the building’s
corrugated metal roof. The result? Absenteeism due to diarrhea has
dropped considerably, and examination scores soared. “Before we
started SODIS, only ten to fifteen percent of the children passed the
national sixth grade exams,” says Mhelela, “Now ninety to ninety -
five percent of the students pass.”
(National Geographic, April 2010)
The meaning of the word “murky” in the second sentence of text B
is:
Ano: 2010
Banca:
CPCON
Órgão:
UEPB
Prova:
CPCON - 2010 - UEPB - Vestibular - Português - Literatura Brasileira e Inglês |
Q1275776
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT A
All things bright and beautiful,
All creatures great and small,
All things wise and wonderful,
The Lord God made them all.
Each little flower that opens,
Each little bird that sings,
He made their glowing colours,
He made their tiny wings.
He gave us eyes to see them,
And lips that we might tell,
How great is God Almighty,
Who has made all things well.
by Cecil F. Alexander
Which of the following groups of words from text A only refers to
size:
Ano: 2016
Banca:
IFN-MG
Órgão:
IFN-MG
Prova:
IFN-MG - 2016 - IFN-MG - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1275121
Inglês
As long as poverty, injustice and gross inequality persist in our world, none of us can
truly rest.
Nelson Mandela Disponível em:<www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/nelson_mandela.htm>. Acesso em: 24 ago. 2016
Nelson Mandela foi um líder rebelde, presidente da África do Sul de 1994 a 1999 e agraciado com o prêmio Nobel da paz em 1993. Nesse trecho, Mandela diz que nenhum de nós pode verdadeiramente descansar enquanto persistirem:
Nelson Mandela Disponível em:<www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/nelson_mandela.htm>. Acesso em: 24 ago. 2016
Nelson Mandela foi um líder rebelde, presidente da África do Sul de 1994 a 1999 e agraciado com o prêmio Nobel da paz em 1993. Nesse trecho, Mandela diz que nenhum de nós pode verdadeiramente descansar enquanto persistirem:
Q1275030
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUÇÃO: a questão deve ser respondida com base no texto a seguir.
Adapted from:< http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/releases/consumerism-and-its-antisocial-effects-can-beturned-onor-off.html> and < http://grist.org/living/consumerism-plays-a-huge-role-in-climate-change/>Acessed on September 1st, 2016.
Os sinônimos que poderiam substituir as
palavras “stuff” (linha 5), “amount” (linha 14)
e “occasionally” (linha 24) são
Ano: 2018
Banca:
UFVJM-MG
Órgão:
UFVJM-MG
Prova:
UFVJM-MG - 2018 - UFVJM-MG - Vestibular - 1º Etapa |
Q1274958
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto II
How to make chocolate cookies
1. Melt chocolate in the microwave, stir until smooth.
2. Sift together baking powder, flour, cocoa and salt; set aside.
3. In a bowl, cream butter with brown sugar and white sugar until smooth.
4. Beat in eggs taking one at a time, then stir in vanilla and coffee granules until well blended.
5. Using a wooden spoon, stir in melted chocolate.
6. Then stir in the dry ingredients until it blends well.
7. Cover, and allow it to stand for half an hour.
8. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F.
9. Place two cookie sheets with parchment paper.
10. Roll dough into walnut sized balls onto the prepared cookie sheets.
11. Then, bake it for ten minutes in the preheated oven. Cookies will still be very soft because of the chocolate.
12. Let the cookies cool for ten minutes before transferring to wire racks to cool completely.
Fonte: Disponível em:<http://www.indobase.com/recipes/details/chocolate-cookies.php>. Acesso em: 28 set. de 2018. (Adaptado)
A receita apresentada no texto II refere-se a um tipo de:
Ano: 2018
Banca:
UFVJM-MG
Órgão:
UFVJM-MG
Prova:
UFVJM-MG - 2018 - UFVJM-MG - Vestibular - 1º Etapa |
Q1274957
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto II
How to make chocolate cookies
1. Melt chocolate in the microwave, stir until smooth.
2. Sift together baking powder, flour, cocoa and salt; set aside.
3. In a bowl, cream butter with brown sugar and white sugar until smooth.
4. Beat in eggs taking one at a time, then stir in vanilla and coffee granules until well blended.
5. Using a wooden spoon, stir in melted chocolate.
6. Then stir in the dry ingredients until it blends well.
7. Cover, and allow it to stand for half an hour.
8. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F.
9. Place two cookie sheets with parchment paper.
10. Roll dough into walnut sized balls onto the prepared cookie sheets.
11. Then, bake it for ten minutes in the preheated oven. Cookies will still be very soft because of the chocolate.
12. Let the cookies cool for ten minutes before transferring to wire racks to cool completely.
Fonte: Disponível em:<http://www.indobase.com/recipes/details/chocolate-cookies.php>. Acesso em: 28 set. de 2018. (Adaptado)
Entre os ingredientes usados nessa receita, estão:
Ano: 2018
Banca:
UFVJM-MG
Órgão:
UFVJM-MG
Prova:
UFVJM-MG - 2018 - UFVJM-MG - Vestibular - 1º Etapa |
Q1274956
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto II
How to make chocolate cookies
1. Melt chocolate in the microwave, stir until smooth.
2. Sift together baking powder, flour, cocoa and salt; set aside.
3. In a bowl, cream butter with brown sugar and white sugar until smooth.
4. Beat in eggs taking one at a time, then stir in vanilla and coffee granules until well blended.
5. Using a wooden spoon, stir in melted chocolate.
6. Then stir in the dry ingredients until it blends well.
7. Cover, and allow it to stand for half an hour.
8. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F.
9. Place two cookie sheets with parchment paper.
10. Roll dough into walnut sized balls onto the prepared cookie sheets.
11. Then, bake it for ten minutes in the preheated oven. Cookies will still be very soft because of the chocolate.
12. Let the cookies cool for ten minutes before transferring to wire racks to cool completely.
Fonte: Disponível em:<http://www.indobase.com/recipes/details/chocolate-cookies.php>. Acesso em: 28 set. de 2018. (Adaptado)
De acordo com a receita apresentada no texto II,
Ano: 2014
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Faculdade Cultura Inglesa
Prova:
VUNESP - 2014 - Faculdade Cultura Inglesa - Vestibular - Prova 01 |
Q1274510
Inglês
Texto associado
How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations
David Keys
Monday, 3 March 2014
Monday, 3 March 2014
The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed
because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to
new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their
investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of
the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined
during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered –
because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The
research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s
Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts
lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was
probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze
Age urban civilisation of that region.
It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time
were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus
Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire,
Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations
in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense
period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure
– in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said
University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor
David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus
Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up
lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles
east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up
to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old
urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.
“Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient
populations responded to climatic and environmental change,”
said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie.
“For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large
groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to
live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification
of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying
dynamicˮ.
(www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the second paragraph –– It’s now thought
likely that the droughts –, the word likely can be replaced,
without changing the meaning of the sentence, by
Ano: 2014
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Faculdade Cultura Inglesa
Prova:
VUNESP - 2014 - Faculdade Cultura Inglesa - Vestibular - Prova 01 |
Q1274509
Inglês
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How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations
David Keys
Monday, 3 March 2014
Monday, 3 March 2014
The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed
because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to
new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their
investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of
the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined
during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered –
because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The
research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s
Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts
lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was
probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze
Age urban civilisation of that region.
It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time
were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus
Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire,
Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations
in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense
period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure
– in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said
University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor
David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus
Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up
lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles
east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up
to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old
urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.
“Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient
populations responded to climatic and environmental change,”
said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie.
“For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large
groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to
live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification
of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying
dynamicˮ.
(www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)
De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, grandes civilizações da
Antiguidade
Ano: 2014
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Faculdade Cultura Inglesa
Prova:
VUNESP - 2014 - Faculdade Cultura Inglesa - Vestibular - Prova 01 |
Q1274506
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Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The Institute for Supply Management’s (ISM) manufacturing index rose to 53.2 from 51.3 in January. A reading above 50 indicates expansion. Separate data showed construction spending rose slightly in January, helped by residential construction.
Manufacturing and construction are key to the US economy and there were fears that severe weather across many parts of the US may have hurt the sectors. Bradley Holcomb, chair of ISM’s survey committee, said that while several manufacturers said severe weather was impacting their business, “other comments reflect optimism in terms of demand and growth in the near term”. Meanwhile, data released by the US Department of Commerce, showed that construction spending rose 0.1% in January, from December. Compared to the same month last year, construction spending was up 9.3%.
However, the bad weather conditions impacted car sales in February with General Motors, Toyota and Ford all posting declines in their deliveries. But the drop in sales was less than expected and manufacturers were upbeat about the prospects in the coming months. “February auto sales emerged from a chill in the second half of the month, positioning the industry for a strong March,” said Bill Fay, general manager at Toyota, which saw a fall in deliveries of 4% during the month. General Motors’ sales fell 1%, compared to analysts’ forecast of a 6% drop. Chrysler and Nissan Motors beat the trend with sales increases of 11% and 16% respectively.
Analysts said that overall car sales during the month had been helped by incentives and discounts offered by dealers to lure customers to showrooms in an attempt to cushion the impact of the severe weather conditions. However, as weather conditions improve, the discounts will reduce.
(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo – Meanwhile, data released by
the US Department of Commerce –, a palavra em destaque tem,
em português, sentido equivalente a
Ano: 2014
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Faculdade Cultura Inglesa
Prova:
VUNESP - 2014 - Faculdade Cultura Inglesa - Vestibular - Prova 01 |
Q1274505
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The Institute for Supply Management’s (ISM) manufacturing index rose to 53.2 from 51.3 in January. A reading above 50 indicates expansion. Separate data showed construction spending rose slightly in January, helped by residential construction.
Manufacturing and construction are key to the US economy and there were fears that severe weather across many parts of the US may have hurt the sectors. Bradley Holcomb, chair of ISM’s survey committee, said that while several manufacturers said severe weather was impacting their business, “other comments reflect optimism in terms of demand and growth in the near term”. Meanwhile, data released by the US Department of Commerce, showed that construction spending rose 0.1% in January, from December. Compared to the same month last year, construction spending was up 9.3%.
However, the bad weather conditions impacted car sales in February with General Motors, Toyota and Ford all posting declines in their deliveries. But the drop in sales was less than expected and manufacturers were upbeat about the prospects in the coming months. “February auto sales emerged from a chill in the second half of the month, positioning the industry for a strong March,” said Bill Fay, general manager at Toyota, which saw a fall in deliveries of 4% during the month. General Motors’ sales fell 1%, compared to analysts’ forecast of a 6% drop. Chrysler and Nissan Motors beat the trend with sales increases of 11% and 16% respectively.
Analysts said that overall car sales during the month had been helped by incentives and discounts offered by dealers to lure customers to showrooms in an attempt to cushion the impact of the severe weather conditions. However, as weather conditions improve, the discounts will reduce.
(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo – demand and growth in the
near term –, a expressão em destaque tem, em português, sentido equivalente a
Ano: 2018
Banca:
UFVJM-MG
Órgão:
UFVJM-MG
Prova:
UFVJM-MG - 2018 - UFVJM-MG - Vestibular - 2º Etapa |
Q1274471
Inglês
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Texto I
TRUMP-KIM SUMMIT: DONALD TRUMP VOWS TO 'END WAR GAMES' IN 'NEW HISTORY' WITH NORTH KOREA
By Ben Riley-Smith, US editor, in Singapore 13 JUNE 2018 • 8:10AM – The Telegraph
Photo: https://goo.gl/wcMQ1V
Donald Trump unexpectedly suspended ―war games‖ on the Korean peninsula yesterday as he convinced
Kim Jong-un to back ―complete denuclearisation‖ in a written agreement. The US has been carrying out joint
military exercises for years in the region as a signal of its military alliance with Seoul (South Korea), and as a
show of strength against North Korean aggression.
The US president said in a press conference after the Singapore summit: "It is a very great day, it is a very
great moment, in the history of the world." He predicted Kim would start denuclearise "very quickly" and
revealed that the North Korean leader had already agreed to destroy a missile engine testing site.
The climax of Mr Trump‘s meeting with Kim — the first between a sitting North Korean and American leader
— was the signing of a joint agreement. The 400-word statement followed more than four hours of talks, first
between the leaders one-on-one and then with a wider group of advisers.
It read:"President Trump and Chairman Kim Jong-un conducted a comprehensive, in-depth, and sincere
exchange of opinions on the issues related to the establishment of new United States - North Korea relations
and the building of a lasting and robust peace regime on the Korean Peninsula.
The statement went on to list four specific pledges that both Mr Trump and Kim agreed to stand by: The first
was that both countries would establish ―new relations‖ in the pursuit of ―peace and prosperity" — an attempt
to draw a line under the insults and threats of last year. The second said that America and North Korea
would "join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace regime on the Korean Peninsula‖. The third said
that Kim‘s regime ―commits to work toward complete denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula" — a key
demand from the Americans. And the fourth promised that the remains of fallen US soldiers who died
fighting in the Korean War would be repatriated to the United States.
Mr Trump said he "absolutely" would invite Kim to the White House and expressed enthusiasm for visiting
North Korea, but said no dates had been set. Mr Trump also praised the leaders of Japan, South Korea and
China as well as Kim himself for the progress made on the issue of denuclearisation.
Source: < https://goo.gl/dEim38> Date of retrieval: June 13th, 2018.
Na frase do texto I, "a signal of its military ALLIANCE with Seoul", a palavra ALLIANCE poderia ser
substituída, sem alterar seu sentido, por:
Ano: 2016
Banca:
UFVJM-MG
Órgão:
UFVJM-MG
Prova:
UFVJM-MG - 2016 - UFVJM-MG - Vestibular - 1º Etapa |
Q1274292
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Refugee team to compete at Olympics in Rio
Fonte: http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/35724130
Acesso: 07/03/2016
No trecho “(…) who have fled their home countries, (…)” (linha 8), a palavra “fled” significa:
Ano: 2016
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
FGV
Prova:
FGV - 2016 - FGV - Vestibular - Inglês, Física, Química e Língua Portuguesa |
Q1273874
Inglês
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Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again
Michael Hasenstab
Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive
vice-president, portfolio manager
and chief investment officer of
Templeton Global Macro
The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.
That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.
We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.
Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.
We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.
It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.
Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.
(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado)
In the excerpt of the seventh paragraph “Work on structural
reform should accelerate too”, the word in bold can be
replaced, without meaning change, by
Conheça nossos planos