Um dos processos para a produção de biodiesel, que é uma...
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Q1365594
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Um dos processos para a produção de biodiesel, que é uma fonte renovável de energia, chama-se transesterificação. Nesse processo, o biodiesel é produzido pela reação de óleo vegetal com um excesso de álcool de cadeia curta (metanol ou etanol)
na presença de um catalisador (KOH).
A reação é dada por:
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questão](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAbsAAAB2CAYAAABRaD3AAAAd8klEQVR4Ae2dv4sbSdrH9U8sXIeHUmeONlOkxCxc4mSDXlCwDhxcJlbZZm/QMJc4WmgYDC8sr7cPs07MQGM4Boyg8QXmEB3ci5kV/QZmzwyCHYahed76repWldSSZiS19DXs6kd314/PU1Xfeqqe0nQI/0AABEAABEDgyAl0jrx+qB4IgAAIgAAIEMQOjQAEQAAEQODoCUDsjt7EqCAIgAAIgADEDm0ABEAABEDg6AlA7I7exKggCIAACIAAxA5tAARAAARA4OgJrC92s5zSVxGFQYc6Hf5fQL1hTGl+bWDdZRF1O88oKe7Md/LNFSVhlzphQkXtSv1jWWSURCEFIg+eT5+G8RvKitvqrWVBWVIvz0/0OiuorNx5TXn6M0XhI1VulmZvSHGa00zfd5dR1NX1qr4G4Qsa1/PWz+EVBEAABEDgoAmsJ3azjxQzsQjCM7rQ4jabUDLsUyd4TslUCtF2YlfSbHLOxPQRhVFixK0sxnRey4dMeSJKtLhx8TsfUq/ziAbJJyV41zSJBxQEIUUXWtyY+CWj6n1C7LoUJlcVo5XFJZ1xkezHlFcVtHIfPoAACIDAbgmw8TJ/R68WHIOU8pkerGaURT23k1EkFHYWx7zFOtxSkSWLzsLrjAqdjWf8JLqjInnGnAyXA7SY00N9s4bY3VAeP2Xe0BllBqIq1mxMUS+gYJgS9++2ErtyQnF/nlal4uUnSgZMbAcJTUtVnmBE6bWmre++pWnynImbFOAyj6nfeUJR9kXfoF6/sEbwhAm1SsNrrJKu0xHzMvdrrFrh8REEQOCkCdiOwVslblz8Ehry8ViMkxzQtmJnOQuJFjcufi+r+XjHz7aJnRKhbpQxnV7+bxuxk8LUY8JkFhetzCzRmTIvk4mitzzXKQ0DPmPJpUh3I8pWF5wtY7pmOVa+C0uzVvHwFgRAAAR2RUCMyV3qReP5VozImwledsZWrR7TMP3MvtlO7OSYrNOqVq6cJjRgq3BiFe1oxM5bkWrl+ScpdtU9L7m/p77z7tmtFhUjhhd/V2JWXXI0pTHinNJ7nwtvblZvPHUsiwsaVWZK9QfxGQRAAAR2S8CMhU7HwC7LNmKnVtC8zsJnSoeP5RKpZ/xs3zKmtyI2VPl+c8/uEMTOJdLV/cPFGuMbEAABENgtAf84Wy+HEjsT7Fcf41yrWToNS8z0V5VXSwxv/AF+0tnZ7zZQ8z074ym5ljHlJmmiIhv9RphHY0510IcwAIu0TCbCFZezlacU5zcVpPKDFkN2ffKBLWN2qR9PalGX6jGxjBmw6x9YcArba/TNTHh0afJOrnfXBb2cUjriwTchnY2r0Z3S22N7gljWdNgJX4EACDw0Af84W895G89uXbFzCWfb9uxoSUCIEkK9Ieo3gha7n+ky/latNav1ZR0kUkurYjZngMo8CnR+rytAxbXmrOuk0qiLHU9QC54JcJlvzO47umheX7wDARA4NQLLlzH5Uas36khYE7H7NxXjF/MjZb0RJSLiXo2R3kh0JYb8+i337I5C7FhT0lGXzqMHA+ZtybN2q8Wuds6Oe2FdHVXJxE8cPeDn9142OnrAz8udLz16oKMu3UcPwvij3OB1iR3vQareMhL1hkUhpZRdXTLD7tctP7XOjfqCAAhYBLRjoKLgrSskhVAfv2ogdq/esZWyv6iIdTle6uj6alp2LtwXOMYAFV1HvuwX83Nset13y0PlwnN6ap2Jkxk9zKHyWITKmmAZ56Fy18xERzexuo4u5LkSIYwQO90s8AoCILBrAnpc4jEFjqMH4TlNxDGxBmJXOVsst4u6RkTV0QP+wx7nY3Wubr7CpVf0WGTiEXl2921LJXTGs7rv9B8yPYjdQ9JF2iAAAo0IMMHLU4r5D24YB4T/2tTmh8pFPEL/r+ZHQmQxTupQeSPyDW/iBmIHH/uDhcCPhgns/zaI3f5tgBKAAAjcKwEpdM/MltS9Jr7nxJpHYzoKymcSm/1Tm5pmJsKXRFu2JAix28z0eAoEQOAACcifT+wf8W8Ab6pWwlibi90B2hpFAgEQAIGWE9h4TBZHtXQchnr1/vhHOyFB7NppN5QaBEAABBYIbCx2Cykd3xcQu+OzKWoEAiBwogQgdn7DQ+z8bHAFBEAABFpFAGLnNxfEzs8GV0AABECgVQQgdn5zQez8bHAFBEAABFpFAGLnNxfEzs8GV0AABECgVQQgdn5zQez8bHAFBEAABFpFAGLnNxfEzs8GV0AABECgVQQgdn5zQez8bHAFBEAABFpFAGLnNxfEzs8GV0AABECgVQQgdn5zQez8bHAFBEAABFpFAGLnNxfEzs8GV0AABECgVQQgdn5zQez8bHAFBEAABFpFAGLnNxfEzs8GV0AABECgVQQgdn5zQez8bHAFBEAABFpFAGLnN9dWYudPFldAAARAAAR2TQBi5ye+vtjNckpfRRQG+g/9BdQbxpTm1yaXuyyirvMvj19REnapY/1RwLLIKIlCCsxfLe/TMH5DWXFr0hNvyoKypJ7vT/Q6K6is3Mn+4m76M0XhI/bXz1UZe0OK05xm+j7xV8Z1+auvwRH/pV5d/WavM8qi3pyhZslfg5DOxlXuK+0omHcpTK5q2d9RkTxr31+qr9WilR9Znxqf6b7H+/HLxX7nrNg6beOWiixZ7I+vMyqqHZdWtiFdlsZjULVvy/HgEYVnlwt566TxerwE1hO72UeKmYgE4RldaHGbTSgZ9tkA+JySqRSoZmJX0mxyzkSTNb4oMZ2sLMZ0XkuPTL4RJVrcuPidD6nXeUSD5JMSvGuaxAMK2GAcXWhxk39uvnKfZ+Ati0s64yLZjymvdcS2NwFTNyFabEJxPl7R4dWAZk1MBAMzQD6lOL9hXzW0o4c50emK3W+//Ua///77nprWFzaZeUKd3o+U8oml7mODhKYr237TtmH1x0SLGxe/lzTsBRSYvBq2IU5Kl3OjMYjlPX7BxpyA+vGkNknekxm2zpaxy9/RqwWHIaV8pg3psRfPu0go7NiT0AaTk5b25TXE7oby+CnrHGeUGYjKUrMxRbzxDlPi/l0jsSsnFPfnz6iU5Ev5iZIBE1XRGVS+wYjSa208ffctTZPnTNyk0JZ5TP3OE4qyL/oG9ao6tk7Da6ySrtMR8zKfUVLc1dJo8Udhny71RhdM4OYDy3yS4Krbkg5yndIwUB2kqR1vM4q6dqfSeZ6u2H3//ffCc/7mm2/ol19+IS5+O/snbGgP+soOuo8sLUiztiH742Mapp8XUiunCQ3YRFe0waZtqLyPMegzpcPHldWlhcK15ot5Xw6jt0rcuPgltcnEEntVxK7h5MQ7fh52X24udqpBdqOMzcWX/2sidlMhTD0mTGZx0UrUEp0p8yaZKHrzNQNvLsW4G1G2uoCegdfK92jETtdJe2Ics1xO1pMTC7z1dkkHMcyvSA5oDex49d7D/LA7iAXk3t9ycTNL7czj/uqrr+jrr7+mv/3tb/TPf/7z3vNblqD2/Ofe1rK7m7SNVf1xLjr3NhZYRfaPQfN8C+v+Vr4VYzKbxEbj+RaNqAgTvOyMrXrpicYSe1li13hycvRi563gYjORDc21Xq6+C/+HJis8KDOIXvx97kUsZsVW0aSH2I1Ses/3mOrLbq5nPHUpiwsaVZZXXA/v67slDXatIumlHHv515WAJ79ySulIL1vfrPSEjR3fp0zslrSJB/ambVFp23uXde7vOzX4e/Zi3fk0aRusnSz1oJSX1v0vuni7fDWl2oZcqwOLpXSLHWv76Y+1rY/FZ9vyjeHidBjsWnjsxW8xYtd8clJ4xs9D35Jo7tl5K2hDle/dDY1f0wEqhyB2roG3un+4WLN9frOkwTYtlvDIZL1XB+Ko/MQeX5VVEOq9U+01+pd9TYcUYucaqE7Xs9Nmy3M20Hj+292enhYC1zaALql+bdI2VnlQuxC7arsVkxy+n2/2D3l9VL2bTJJ19Ze9rjFOLkumyTX/OFt/2m8vOfHj/TJrODlhK2c3fEvCwdaMFf7xoF6yXX5uLnbGg3ItY/J14neUqIhHvxG02LFNcLGMaS+t2dXWgyi7PvnAljG7/g1ls/fwgQWnsD1F3zImj+BK3sl17XqDNN6KK8qQe3tsT3Dvy5r3IHYasa6va/9V38MWRkQ0phkE9GBYjWaTYtbAjv/6B5YxDdsDfSP6Rce/ZWCK3aRtKDHzBnspMWTXJxO+196gDYmxwLelsXwMMqs2drS1CXJjA7dp56aSm72pjy2bpdLoKf84W3+8bi/ruvHs1hW79k1cm4sdqcbr2sBWQqjX+/1GmItdUXvGws+WJl0BKjIIpXIfm5UtBqjodWr7Tl12lYarQWoBMAEubHBXUWOdB15is0tafy9ZumZRrsZWf9r/Wabr22vjz7k6iBY8Fqau9wma2hEBKn5j7OOKGORqfUX0CztoxVewZm1DToTcy+XOABUTnWnl6xwLHMFqtXboGoO04JkgOy52bzK6GrOjUi0UO7Nq4lzG5Eew3qgjYS57KcZG7NQyZoPJSd7SvryG2DE4OurSGfY7YF6YPGvnamgSrSV2JmS9er5n2dGDDjsvd7706IGOunQfPQjjj3Ij1yV2vICqfrIz3DCxSym7umQeySG45UsarITr+b87yk7ayDebFjBqnp1OXjE2kwI2oxZHSFbY0cf8hI8eaKJ7ea2ICC+BmshYR4j85fK1xXrbUNF9Hfuoy3wSqSfH8+MrK9oQL9BWY5AO3LAmayxJ0Re2EjvFwyzj2ZPTBxw7tMCrKHjbXtWJhs9e7AkjdjrYrMHkpKV9eT2x4zT5cmDMz7dpg/IGemiHymMRemsCEZyHyl2ekdUZRJg+q68w7AM2WM600b8lDXbF85VZNL9XebHzwcaVwJL8zKRAndHiSa76cYA9dxAe+bj/fTEX5z1+x/ryhXU+q3J+dmmx1mkbXNwe4FD5xmOQFuQ+jdKpOGu3vdhZsLzt3Lrn3t7q8YrHGjiOHoTnNJnx41pL7GWJHbGDY+Kc8qrJibeOh73/vr7Y3ZuhWpLQEYidmDnnb61fsbA7R0vssGUxzcTHTNL0ZO3wX7esOh5fQaC9YscrxgQvTynmP8Rh2jb/FSocKq+bHWJXJ1L/fDBiVy8YPq9LgHt3v/76K/FD3Hxg+NOf/mQGiO+++27d5HD/kRBot9gdiRF2UI2txI4PGEf/D2J3lCb+448/6PLykn744Qf685//LESPf8Y/EACB4ySwlVqdhNgdp91RqxoBvp+3uzNttczxEQTuiQDGZD9IiJ2fDa6AAAiAQKsIQOz85oLY+dngCgiAAAi0igDEzm8uiJ2fDa6AAAiAQKsIQOz85oLY+dngCgiAAAi0igDEzm8uiJ2fDa6AAAiAQKsIQOz85oLY+dngCgiAAAi0igDEzm8uiJ2fDa6AAAiAQKsIQOz85oLY+dngCgiAAAi0igDEzm8uiJ2fDa6AAAiAQKsIQOz85oLY+dngCgiAAAi0igDEzm8uiJ2fDa6AAAiAQKsIQOz85oLY+dngCgiAAAi0igDEzm8uiJ2fDa6AAAiAQKsIQOz85oLY+dngCgiAAAi0igDEzm8uiJ2fDa6AAAiAQKsIQOz85tpK7PzJ4goIgAAIgMCuCUDs/MQhdn42uAICIAACIHAkBNYXu1lO6auIwqBDfBbR6QTUG8aU5tcGyV0WUbfzjJLiznwn31xREnapEyZU1K7UP5ZFRkkUUiDy4Pn0aRi/oay4rd5aFpQl9fL8RK+zgsrKndeUpz9TFD5S5WZp9oYUpznN9H13GUVdXa/qaxC+oHE9b/0cXkEABEBgLwRKmuXv6NXCWJlSPtMj4IyyqOced4uEwk6XwuRqRelvqciSxfHzdUaFzkaMn6607qhInrFx16UJK7K9x8vrid3sI8VMLILwjC60uM0mlAz71AmeUzKVQrSd2DHjTc6ZmD6iMEqMuJXFmM5r+ZApT0SJFjcufudD6nUe0SD5pATvmibxgIIgpOhCixsTv2RUvc9jrLK4pDMukv2Ycm3YezQCkgIBEACB9QnYY+VbJW5c/BIa9gIKBglNxXi1rdhZ42eixY2L38tqPp7xk6h1YndDefyUeUNnlJkZgzLPbEwRhztMift3W4ldOaG4P0+r0gDKT5QMmNgKI6ryBCNKr+sKdEvT5DkTNynAZR5Tv/OEouxLJTmiL2zG84QJtUrDa6ySrtMR8zL3OzOpFR4fQQAETpmAGCu71IvG89UpwYMJXnbGJvKPaZh+Zt9sJ3Zy/NRpVYGX04QGzDERjoV3/Gyb2CkR6kYZ0+nl/7YROwm2x4TJLC5amVmiM2VeJhNFb3muUxoG3KXOpUh3I8pWF5wtY7rccCvfhaVZq3h4CwIgAAI7IrB8rLQLsY3YKafCO35+pnT4WC6RHo3YeStiQ5XvpdhV97zk/p76zrtnt1pUjIEv/q7EzLPWbMQ5pfe+9ep60T11LIsLGlWWBeoP4jMIgAAI7JaA36mol0OJnYl/qI/Nrgm+TsMSM/1V5dUSwxt/zIMc//e7MtZ8z84jBJV6qw9+I8wDVKZ6H0wYgAWfJBPmbB+C2NUbAv9c3T/k1ZQCyJZJ4em5mgC+AwEQeGAC/nG2nvE2nt26YucSzqNaxuSbou8oUZGNfiNosfuZLuNv1VqzWl9W+2bSc3tKcX5Ttxj7rMWQXZ98YMuYXerHk1rUpXpMLGMG7PoHFpzC9hp9bjiPLk3eyc3duqCXU0pHPPgmpLOxju6cb8zuO7rIAQhfgQAInAgBs8rl3PLh0edvVJR8E7H7NxXjF/Mo+96IEhGEqDw3b3CeEkN+/ZZ7dscgdrQkIEQtGeron9ViVzt6wIWpq4JEamlV2q0zQGUeBTq/1xWg4tpg1XVSadTFjieoBc8EuHCxSym7umSG3a9bPq8v3oEACJwcAT1WqsBAu/5SCHVEegOxe/WOOQ9/UUF8MnBPBxxW07Jz4cPjMQao8DrqqEvn0YMB87bkWbu1xE6IyVPrmADz9MTRA35+72Wjowf8vNz50qMHOurSffQgjD/KaCaX2Fn1rkSiinshdtWmj08gAAK7I6CjLvk2i+PoQXhOExE530DsKufs5Apa14ioOnrAzzqfj9W5uvkKl3ZyWBj+sXh2yoR82S/m59j03tYWh8qV0BmxsVrJwxwqj8W5EBMs4zxU7nLDdaNidR1dSGND7Cxr4S0IgMB+CLCxKU8p5meQzZjMf4Bj80PlIh6h/1dzblrWi4vbKR0qvzdrcgOxg4/9gbUXdm+J7yYhiN1uOCMXEACBnRGQQvfMrNLtLOMdZNQ8GvNeC6M2Nc1MhHuJLVsShNjda4tAYiAAAvskIH9Rqn/EP4u4J7Hbp1GRNwiAAAiAQIWAiF7XW1Pq1XseuvJkaz5A7FpjKhQUBEAABEBgUwIQu03J4TkQAAEQAIHWEIDYtcZUKCgIgAAIgMCmBCB2m5LDcyAAAiAAAq0hALFrjalQUBAAARAAgU0JQOw2JYfnQAAEQAAEWkMAYtcaU6GgIAACIAACmxKA2G1KDs+BAAiAAAi0hgDErjWmQkFBAARAAAQ2JQCx25QcngMBEAABEGgNAYhda0yFgoIACIAACGxKAGK3KTk8BwIgAAIg0BoCELvWmAoFBQEQAAEQ2JQAxG5TcngOBEAABECgNQQgdq0xFQoKAiAAAiCwKQGI3abk8BwIgAAIgEBrCEDsWmMqFBQEQAAEQGBTAhC7TcnhORAAARAAgdYQgNi1xlQoKAiAAAiAwKYEIHabksNzIAACIAACrSFwOGI3G1PU61JvdEFF2Rp+7StoOaG4H1AQntNkBtDtMyBKDAIgsAmBAxG7kq7TEQW9M8owAG9ix4bPlDTLzqjX+5HS4rbhM7gNBEAABNpP4EDErv0gUQMQAAEQAIHDJbB3sSuLjJIopKDToY74r0/D+A1lxvOYURb1qNONKLs7XJDtKNkN5fFTwTkYpnRtF/ouo6jboW6U0YNh3kUedp3wfgmBK0rCrupzuu/xV9b/zsdqK0Hes1mbsPvtHRXJswfvw3dZRN1Oj6JstqTeR3CpLCh7/RMNe8HcfkFIUZKZLaAKiyKhcA9cKmU4AOx7FDu2pDY5pzB4RGGUGHErizGdD/vUCZ5TMuVLbXanOQBibS6C2BdVHSQYUXpt7dntQoh2kUeb7bPTsiuxCxMqTL63VKQ/Uq/zmIbpZ/PtZm92328PbXDdjNuKp8pPlAweUac3pPOsINmDmd3GL9hYGlAvGrMRk+gQWBxCGWya+xM7ESjBAlKUcexCkTJoMEhoWtY7jTasmo3yGc1FLgws0pjldGF5ikF4Rhd5xYepZHU6H9S+aOcp/XTxkgasY/TjieosjEJdiPjs8XzIBj7JOQhf0Fh720sZs0lM/paikHVI8SyfzLylnO/F1vM4HfgHWFOX2Ol2oNtGzbNbafdk7m30ntOQtwGxIlP37Jb1YXYtezlPp2O1H06Rtcvx2XwlyO7fhza43r/RVR82joCdw7x/x/lNVexqnp1xKHT/PLs0HmFZXNKZq+9qp6P3LYXCo1RtZEmbODR77E3syjymPht4uWEW/2nDPaOk+GItY6oAC7bUMkqnbKCee4eD5BOVZtajAjDKKaUj20tczOl0vvlM6fAxyQmEfN/px5Rr564iRLc0TZ6zpeUnbEnoC3OueaQs8wj5/Xd6ZulmXE4TIaQ6qrYsLmjEnhX53u5gqfR0DLplTV1ix4SGeXZ9M7GxxG5V37pOacg9CxFNLdMRE6UFsVvRh3U6YhKs+7cWXz4WPGFejQ6wuqZJPKBADf6HNrhuaSDH49IeC1sQjjsrLGyxM3bkwYB3MmCto4WrFhE/+0gxE76K08EmH2KsnX2ifJorL9M9FlTK4Cjjrr/ak9ipmV6Hi5l7h0iKIV9//z9L7NSAXdlvUp4fG4gnEy6gtSUY1XkqXsyuKR9AfpKnZqMnE/ozK6Atdup4QqeyxCUrUU1HVcww/sAGH7YnWFki1Xmxic2//vHw+4IHwLodRVBipzx36YWr1RIjJnOxuxWTU6u98Eoau39kkyO2J1exu5pQLYjd8j6cs8lSqAfUOkiRX60Mot3Kwfr22PfsrLrqOWodkf5cERpL7GT/7VKYXOlb1avqpxUb6uVQ7pR8luOwdX35WDChQ7NHu8TuRnoGlY6pOyvrVO/f8w3qurc477BuWa3Z/Cg/qsAUq6HKgapDZpZoi539vsZDdiIf45Te82Ai22Pkz+vO9j6F2NV47u+jErvKhEZ7UrpdzPvOjRCSdexuL11a71f04exWrcaIfs2D1V7Ra7U3JdueEmTd79UrD6KRZTziABWX2Km+Oh8TpZD5xK7yfaXxKaehxlWmW3c65IPLx4LDs8eexI4tvTdaxrRmFHyGqDqKLzpsFfyTFTsxI3YPEiYQyBY4+32lQ9gzPXv5WQ+KELsargP+6BI7Xlx7j1zbVQ9c9yd2vj6sgfEo7dfJf6u9Xxl48WWF5+YfyHWqLX/VPwhRWdmy6iQmlVuKnfDErTTNW7tdyC9XjbeHNvnYm9jRRgEqjr0mYwwtoLVlDrPUYgVjWM8c/1trGbG2PyonHGq93hY4LGMef7OgFWInvPO52N33MuaC9+8lbg2yv8t9Qd+WxNGLHam9dGeACgPYQOxWLmMurIxpw1h2UF4DljE1m5WvesmkGm1lIoWMQW3IenObPRN/FBGYOnpILMeZzVf3hunKIh3jDYqJ3GSuV1BNHvgv13xhm9PmnF0tQMUE+rDjCv/536Wb0ghQqTM+1M8usZv3SRGEoARReGGr+paaVJoAFREKz1YTFvbslvfh/4gVn3n/Jh0kIbwZFaASDCie8AhrHdUpJ7jHL3asyrovsqMHcaqj0HkE6xuK+ZEtFVRWYaG3Efj5Q2NH+WtVJoCM81WBaOanBHXkq9j+uLZiJ1SbNmm5x9tKGQ6gG+zPs9O81j5Ufk35xRk7U6KX5apiyeLecfTAaljO2Ze5rgceNli8fWOJHbuhdvSg0xtRoo9wLGXM0sTRA0P4cN8osavv0VQOJ889OzGZX8fuS48eLOvD9WtsCXP40pzDrffvjnX06NAG14ezPWOU/mwd7+FjYfXHOCosbLETXVudZRa253wTeTSIR7dX+i7buzVHt2ynw6rZkjZRKYP1yL7e7l3s9lVx5AsCIAACIHA6BCB2p2Nr1BQEQAAETpYAxO5kTY+KgwAIgMDpEIDYnY6tUVMQAAEQOFkC/w9obWIVHbuirAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Onde R: CH3 ou C2H5, R1: grupo alquila.
O excesso de metanol utilizado no processo de produção de biodiesel pode constituir um problema ambiental, por isso precisa ser purificado para ser reutilizado no processo. Identifique dentre as figuras a mais adequada para o processo de purificação do metanol:
A reação é dada por:
Onde R: CH3 ou C2H5, R1: grupo alquila.
O excesso de metanol utilizado no processo de produção de biodiesel pode constituir um problema ambiental, por isso precisa ser purificado para ser reutilizado no processo. Identifique dentre as figuras a mais adequada para o processo de purificação do metanol: