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Social life in youth may impact health decades later
Robert Preidt
August 6, 2015
Having good social connections at age 20 can lead to improved well-being later in life, a new study suggests. Previous research has shown that people with poor social links are at increased risk for early death. “In fact, having few social connections is equivalent to tobacco use, and [the risk is] higher than for those who drink excessive amounts of alcohol, or who suffer from obesity,” study author Cheryl Carmichael, who conducted the study while a doctoral candidate at the University of Rochester in New York, said in a university news release.
The study included 133 people who enrolled when they were 20-year-old college students in the 1970s. The participants kept track of their daily social interactions at ages 20 and 30. At age 50, they completed an online survey about the quality of their social lives and emotional well-being, including questions about loneliness and depression, and their relationships with close friends.
The findings showed that frequent social interactions at age 20 and good-quality relationships – defined as intimate and satisfying – at age 30 were associated with higher levels of well-being at age 50. The study findings were published in a recent issue of the journal Psychology and Aging.
A high number of social interactions at age 20 are beneficial later in life because they help young adults determine who they are, the researchers said. “It’s often around this age that we meet people from diverse backgrounds, with opinions and values that are different from our own, and we learn how to best manage those differences,” said Carmichael, now an assistant professor of psychology at Brooklyn College. “Considering everything else that goes on in life over those 30 years – marriage, raising a family and building a career – it is extraordinary that there appears to be a relationship between the kinds of interactions college students and young adults have and their emotional health later in life,” she concluded.
(www.nlm.nih.gov)
Pseudoscientific claims that music helps plants grow have been made for decades, despite evidence that is shaky at best. Yet new research suggests some flora may be capable of sensing sounds, such as the gurgle of water through a pipe or the buzzing of insects.
In a recent study, Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues placed pea seedlings in pots shaped like an upside-down Y. One arm of each pot was placed in either a tray of water or a coiled plastic tube through which water flowed; the other arm had dry soil. The roots grew toward the arm of the pipe with the fluid, regardless of whether it was easily accessible or hidden inside the tubing. “They just knew the water was there, even if the only thing to detect was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe,” Gagliano says. Yet when the seedlings were given a choice between the water tube and some moistened soil, their roots favored the latter. She hypothesizes that these plants use sound waves to detect water at a distance but follow moisture gradients to home in on their target when it is closer.
The research, reported earlier this year in Oecologia, is not the first to suggest flora can detect and interpret sounds. A 2014 study showed the rock cress Arabidopsis can distinguish between caterpillar chewing sounds and wind vibrations – the plant produced more chemical toxins after “hearing” a recording of feeding insects. “We tend to underestimate plants because their responses are usually less visible to us. But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibration detectors,” says lead study author Heidi M. Appel, an environmental scientist now at the University of Toledo.
Texto 1
Call to halve target for added sugar
People need to more than halve their intake of added sugar to tackle the obesity crisis, according to scientific advice for the government in England.
A report by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition
(SACN) says sugar added to food or naturally present in fruit
juice and honey should account for 5% of energy intake.
Many fail to meet the old 10% target. The sugar industry said
“demonizing one ingredient” would not “solve the obesity
epidemic”
The body reviewed 600 scientific studies on the evidence
of carbohydrates – including sugar – on health to develop the
new recommendations. One 330ml can of soft drink would
take a typical adult up to the proposed 5% daily allowance,
without factoring in sugar from any other source.
Prof Ian MacDonald, chairman of the SACN working group
on carbohydrates, said: “The evidence that we have analyzed
shows quite clearly that high free sugars intake in adults is
associated with increased energy intake and obesity. There
is also an association between sugar-sweetened beverages
and type-2 diabetes. In children there is clear demonstration
that sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with obesity.
By reducing it to 5% you would reduce the risk of all of those
things, the challenge will be to get there.”
The target of 5% of energy intake from free sugars
amounts to 25g for women (five to six teaspoons) and 35g
(seven to eight teaspoons) for men, based on the average
diet.
Public Health Minister for England, Jane Ellison, said: “We
know eating too much sugar can have a significant impact on
health, and this advice confirms that. We want to help people
make healthier choices and get the nation into healthy habits
for life. This report will inform the important debate taking
place about sugar.”
(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)
Texto 2
Eating more fruits and veggies won’t make you lose weight
We’re often told to eat more fruits and vegetables, but the
chances that you’ll lose weight just by eating more of these
foods are slim. New research suggests increased fruit and
vegetable intake is only effective for weight loss if you make
an effort to reduce your calorie intake overall.
In other words, you need to exercise or consume fewer
calories to shed those pounds.
Don’t let that stop you from including more fruits and
veggies in your diet, though. Even if they don’t directly help
you lose weight, these foods still provide a number of health
benefits.
(http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com. Adaptado.)
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