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Eating well may count more than exercise for weight loss: study
(By Lizette Borreli on 2/12/17 AT 9:10 AM.)
We’ve all heard that to lose weight we need to do two things: eat less, exercise more. This makes sense: Burning more calories than we consume will lead to weight loss. But this exercise-based approach provides only short-term results. Now, researchers at Loyola University of Chicago confirm that a healthy diet, not exercise, is the key to losing weight – and keeping it off.
“Our study results indicate that physical activity may not protect you from gaining weight,” said Lara Dugas, lead author of the study and an assistant professor in the Department of Public Health Sciences of Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, in a statement.
Previous research has found exercise does help people lose weight by burning fat. A 10-month study split 141 obese or overweight people into three groups to see how cardio affected them – group 1 had to burn 400 calories doing cardio, 5 days a week; group 2 had to burn 600 calories doing cardio, 5 days a week; and group 3 did no exercise. Most participants lost 4.3 percent of their body weight in group 1; group 2 lost a little more at 5.7 percent; and the control group actually gained 0.5 percent.
The benefits of exercise on weight are notable, but most studies don't take into account its behavioral effects. For example, working out makes people hungrier, which means they are more likely to consume more calories. This suggests how much and what we eat has a bigger impact on our weight than exercise.
In the new study, published in Peer J, Dugas and her colleagues examined about 2,000 adults from the U.S. and four other countries: Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica and Seychelles, to measure their physical activity levels and weight change throughout the course of three years. Participants wore tracking devices – accelerometers – on their waists for a week, to track their energy expenditure and step count. Weight, height and body fat were also measured at baseline, one year and two years after.
In the beginning, Ghana participants had the lowest average weights (139 pounds for both men and women), and Americans the highest weights (202 pounds for women, 206 pounds for men). Ghanaians were more fit han Americans; 76 Ghanaian men and 44 percent Ghanaian women met the U.S. Surgeon General physical activity guidelines, while only 44 percent of American men and 20 percent of American women met the guidelines. Adults need 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, like brisk walking, each week, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Surprisingly, participants with higher rates of physical activity actually gained more weight than those with lower rates. American men who met the guidelines gained a half pound per year, while American men who did not meet the guidelines lost 0.6 pounds. This shows there's no significant relationship between sedentary time at baseline, and subsequent weight gain or weight loss. The only factors that were significantly linked to weight at baseline were age and gender.
“From our study it is not evident that higher volumes of PA [physical activity] alone are protective against future weight gain, and by deduction our data suggest that other environmental factors such as the food environment may have a more critical role”, concluded the researchers.
Exercise-focused weight loss regimens yield low success rates because we tend to poorly estimate calories we consume and calories we burn. For example, a 2010 study found when participants were asked to consume the amount of food they believed they burned in calories, they ended up eating two to three times the amount of calories they burned. This suggests calorie expenditure doesn’t really count for much.
Diet is a major factor in weight control; portion sizes and what we're eating is crucial to maintaining a healthy body weight. To lose weight and improve health, we need to both eat well and find the time to exercise.
(Available: http://www.newsweek.com/eating-well-count-more-exercise-weight-loss-554821.)
Read and analyse the sentence
Mark the item which contains an inconsistency and its corresponding correction.
Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentences below:
____Christmas I went to Montreal to see my friend. He lives_____a
boat. Can you believe it? ____the winter he moves to an apartment
____the city.
In the sentence: “Dude, now my peanuts are on the floor… MEE-Yow!”
“…MEE-You!” can be correctly replaced by
Choose the alternative that does not complete the sentence below.
It is possible to pass an exam, __________ you study hard.
De acordo com o texto:
I. Palermo pertence a uma região rica, cercada por fazendas de gado.
II. A cidade de Palermo sedia um evento anual de agropecuária no mês de julho.
III. Há muitos vegetarianos em Palermo.
Está(ão) correta(s)
Did you know?
... some interesting facts about African Wildlife
Four of the five fastest land animals live in Africa – the cheetah (70mph), wildebeest, lion and Thomson’s gazelle (all about 50 mph).
Butterfly
Having a wingspan of only 1/2”, the smallest butterfly in the world is found in South Africa. It is known as the Dwarf Blue Butterfly.
Chameleons
Madagascar is the home of the world’s _________ as well as the _______ chameleons!
Elephants
The African elephant is the largest living land mammal.
An elephant can weigh up to 6-7 tons and has no natural enemies for he is not a predator and there is no other animal large enough to challenge him.
Did you know elephants drink up to 160 liters of water per day?
An African elephant possesses such “manual” dexterity in his/her trunk tip that he/she can actually turn the pages of a book with it.
Fish
The only place are found is in Lake Tanganyika.
Giraffes
Did you know that the tongue of a giraffe can be ______________ 45 cm? Giraffes are 6 ft tall when they are born.
Penguins
South Africa has a penguin colony, which thrives thanks to the cold Antarctic currents on the west coast near the Cape.
Adapted from Google/ The African Guide
GLOSSARY:
Dexterity – the ability to perform a difficult action quickly with the hands.
Trunk – an elephant’s nose.
M a r k the alternative that indicates the two sentences in which the infinitive was used correctly.
I - I can't stop to talk to you right now. I'm very busy.
II - Please, remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
II - He doesrdt mind to stay home alone on Saturday nights.
IV - You must to watch this new TV series starring Will Smith.
I - Jack is __________ charge of the marketing department.
II - Thanks for looking _________ me when I was ill.
III - He is ________ his third year in the company.
IV - She used to be a dancer, but now she works _________a sales manager.
Read the text and answer questions 46, 47 and 48.
Read the text and answer questions 46, 47 and 48.
Select the correct alternative according to the extract below.
Pan Pacific is a five stars hotel in Yokohama. It has 485 rooms, 25 floors and it’s 100km far from the airport. If you want to save money during your stay in the Japanese city, you may want to stay at the Grand Hotel. With 31 floors, it offers 600 rooms and is 106 km from the airport.