According to the third and fourth paragraphs, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and Indiana University found that meritocracy

Question

Leia o texto destacado para responder à questão.Meritocracy has become a leading social ideal. Politicians across the ideological spectrum
continually return to the theme that the rewards of life—money, power, jobs, university
admission—should be distributed according to skill and effort. The most common metaphor is the
‘even playing field’ upon which players can rise to the position that fits their merit. Conceptually
and morally, meritocracy is presented as the opposite of systems such as hereditary aristocracy, in
which one’s social position is determined by the lottery of birth. Under meritocracy, wealth and
advantage are merit’s rightful compensation, not the fortuitous windfall of external events. And
most people don’t just think the world should be run meritocratically, they think it is
meritocratic. However, although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines
success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in
large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort, sometimes called
‘grit’, depend a great deal on one’s genetic endowments and upbringing.Perhaps more disturbing, simply holding meritocracy as a value seems to promote discriminatory
behaviour. The management scholar Emilio Castilla at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and the sociologist Stephen Benard at Indiana University studied attempts to implement
meritocratic practices, such as performance-based compensation in private companies. They found
that, in companies that explicitly held meritocracy as a core value, managers assigned greater
rewards to male employees over female employees with identical performance evaluations. This
preference disappeared where meritocracy was not explicitly adopted as a value. This is surprising because impartiality is the core of meritocracy’s moral appeal. The ‘even
playing field’ is intended to avoid unfair inequalities based on gender, race and the like. Yet  Castilla and Benard found that, ironically, attempts to implement meritocracy leads to just the
kinds of inequalities that it aims to eliminate. They suggest that this ‘paradox of meritocracy’
occurs because explicitly adopting meritocracy as a value convinces subjects of their own moral
sincerity. Satisfied that they are just, they become less inclined to examine their own behaviour
for signs of prejudice. As with any ideology, part of its draw is that it justifies the status quo, explaining why people
belong where they happen to be in the social order. It is a well-established psychological principle
that people prefer to believe that the world is just.
Fonte: https://bigthink.com/. Publicado em 23/03/2019. Acesso em 20/08/2021. Adaptado. According to the third and fourth paragraphs, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and Indiana University found that meritocracy  Alternativa A: should be adopted in organizations in a transparent way. Ou Alternativa B: has the potential to be transformed into a fair assessment tool in companies.  Ou Alternativa C: could eliminate inequalities and prejudice against minorities if well conducted.   Ou Alternativa D: is surprising because it provides a social ‘even playing field’.   Ou Alternativa E: is self-contradictory since it reinforces the inequalities it is supposed to eradicate.

Qconcursos · Accepted Answer

Alternativa [E] is self-contradictory since it reinforces the inequalities it is supposed to eradicate.   Alternativa Correta: E

O tema central da questão é a análise do conceito de meritocracia e como ele é aplicado nas organizações. O texto discute a paradoxal natureza da meritocracia, que, embora seja idealizada como um sistema de igualdade, muitas vezes acaba por reforçar desigualdades e preconceitos.

A alternativa E é a correta porque resume a conclusão dos pesquisadores: a meritocracia é autocontraditória, já que ela reforça as desigualdades que deveria eliminar. No texto, os estudiosos descobriram que, em empresas que abraçam a meritocracia explicitamente, surgem comportamentos discriminatórios, como a preferência por empregados masculinos, mesmo quando o desempenho é igual ao das mulheres.

Vamos analisar por que as outras alternativas estão incorretas:

A - should be adopted in organizations in a transparent way.
Esta alternativa sugere que a meritocracia deve ser adotada de forma transparente, mas o texto não apoia essa ideia. Ao contrário, ele indica que simplesmente adotar a meritocracia não resolve problemas de preconceito.

B - has the potential to be transformed into a fair assessment tool in companies.
O texto não sugere que a meritocracia pode se transformar em uma ferramenta de avaliação justa. Pelo contrário, ele destaca que, mesmo em sua implementação, pode resultar em mais desigualdades.

C - could eliminate inequalities and prejudice against minorities if well conducted.
A pesquisa mencionada no texto não conclui que a meritocracia pode eliminar desigualdades ou preconceitos. Ao invés disso, evidencia que ela pode criar as desigualdades que promete eliminar.

D - is surprising because it provides a social ‘even playing field’.
Embora a meritocracia seja idealizada como um campo de jogo nivelado, o texto indica que isso é uma crença equivocada, uma vez que a prática meritocrática pode criar desigualdades.

O texto e a questão requerem uma compreensão crítica da forma como a meritocracia é aplicada e dos paradoxos envolvidos. É importante perceber como intenções morais não necessariamente se traduzem em práticas justas.

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