Before starting to practice in order to improve his ability ...

Próximas questões
Com base no mesmo assunto
Q2196800 Engenharia Naval
Before starting to practice in order to improve his ability to estimate his ship’s speed with accuracy, an inexperienced shiphandler studied the methods available by which the mariner can judge speed. During the study, he made a list with the following notes:
I) Doppler speed indicator showing lateral motion as well as ahead and stern speed is a valuable shiphandling tool, especially when moving larger ships where speed is critical and tolerance for error small.
II) fixes by radar or visual bearings are convenient and sufficiently accurate for determining speed in a docking situation.
III) even at night is better to estimate ship’s speed looking at objects abeam or little abaft than looking objects ahead of the ships.
IV) if the ship’s quickwater falls behind the ship when the engine is put astern, the vessel’s speed is 3 knots or more.

According to MacElrevey & MacElrevey, in the book “Shiphandler for the Mariner”, what is the correct alternative?  
Alternativas