Questões de Concurso
Sobre análise sintática | syntax parsing em inglês
Foram encontradas 201 questões
INSTRUCTIONS – Read the following text carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions.
THE SADDEST TWEETERS LIVE IN TEXAS
Melody Kramer for National Geographic - Published May 29, 2013
Researchers analyzed ten million tweets to map happiness in the U.S.
Average word happiness for geotagged tweets in U.S. states collected in 2011. Redder states have higher averages and bluer states have lower averages.
Image courtesy Mitchell et al, PLoS ONE
The town of Beaumont is known as "Texas … with a little something extra." But the industrial town along the Gulf Coast now has a more dubious distinction: It's been named the saddest city in America—at least, if you're measuring sadness on Twitter.
That's according to a group of researchers at the Vermont Complex Systems Center, who analyzed over 80 million words from more than ten million geotagged tweets written throughout 2011. The results of their study, published Wednesday in the journal PLoS ONE, showed that the happiest tweeters in the U.S. live in Napa, California, and their sad counterparts live mostly in the Rust Belt and along the Gulf Coast border.
"You can infer a lot of information about an area based on what people are writing on Twitter," says Christopher Danforth, a mathematician and a co-author of the study.
Danforth explains how his team measured the emotional state of a tweet: They created a simple computer algorithm to analyze the words within the tweets themselves. Each word was measured on a happiness scale, which his team had previously created using paid workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk service. The workers were asked to score more than 10,000 common English words on a happiness scale from 1 to 9. Words like "laughter," "love," "rainbow," and "smile" made the top of the list; at the very bottom—unsurprisingly—were words like "terrorist," "ugly," "cancer," "die," and "fatal."
A GEOGRAPHY OF HAPPINESS
Using that list, researchers then collected tweets from more than 300 separate cities and towns across the United States and created an algorithm to assess how frequently "happy" words occurred vs. how frequently "sad" words occurred in different places. For example, people in Napa were much more likely to tweet the word "hope" than were their counterparts living along the Gulf Coast.
"The differences in the words people used told us a lot about the cities themselves," says Lewis Mitchell, a mathematician and the study's lead author. "Essentially we were able to create a geography of happiness."
Many of the places at the very top of the list— Hawaii, Maine, and Napa—are also top vacation spots. A previous study by the same researchers indicated that people tend to use less-negative words when they're far away from home. But other places near the top of the list—like Green Bay, Wisconsin, and Spokane, Washington—aren't really tourist destinations.
The researchers say they plan to look at tourism's role in a future study. They also plan to analyze tweets in other languages. The current study looks only at tweets written in English, which could skew data in parts of the United States where many people tweet in Spanish.
In addition, the researchers plan to look at profanity more closely. Their current findings suggest that one of the major driving forces in a city's happiness—or lack thereof—is how frequently people use curse words in their tweets.
"People curse more and more as the day goes on," says Danforth, "but there are definitely places where profanity is more common. In the South, more people are cursing on Twitter. It's a tapestry of negative words."
TRENDING SADDER
He notes that many of the cities close to the bottom of their happiness list also rank low on other lists that measure factors like health outcomes and quality of life.
"The people at the bottom of our list live in states that are more socioeconomically depressed and where more natural disasters occur," he says."There are higher rates of poverty, and the median incomes are lower."
This might explain why places like Beaumont and Shreveport, Louisiana, have sadder tweets. But it doesn't explain one surprising finding: Tweets across the country are getting sadder, in general.
"If you go through all of the demographics since 2008, it's getting sadder everywhere," says Mitchell. "There's a strong downward trend. We don't know why this is."
He recently made a Twitter account— @geographyofhapp—that tracks the happiest and saddest cities on Twitter on a daily basis. But his own personal Twitter account—@dr_pyser— remains cheerfully optimistic.
"I try to be more conscious of what I'm talking about online and the way I talk about it," says Mitchell. "I try to put my best self out there."
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/05/130529-saddest-happieststates-twitter-texas-maine-hawaii-california/y
The words below belong to the same category, except:
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
Why is there a hyphen in “large-animal migrations” (l. 10)?
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
Consider the standard English pronunciation of the “th” in though (l. 02). In which word below the “th” has a different pronunciation?
The word furthermore in “Furthermore, games use clever AI (artificial intelligence).”, can be correctly classified as a(n):
In which of the following sentences is the bold word “traveling” the object of the verb?
In which of the following sentences the bold word is used as the subject?
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 21 a 25.
PUCKER UP I'm a dermatologist - you've been using lip balm all wrong - here's why your pout is still chapped
(1º§)YOU might be reaching for your lip balm more and more through these winter months. But are your lips still sore and chapped, no matter how much of the stuff you slather on? According to dermatology experts, the type of balm you put on your pout might be more important than the amount.
(2º§)Dr. Mona Gohara, an associate clinical professor of dermatology at the Yale School of Medicine, and Dr. Brendan Camp, a dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology in New York, told TODAY why some lip balms could do more harm than good.
(3º§)To start with, they discussed why your lips might be chapped in the first place. The cold weather can wreak havoc on them as the skin is very thin, so they're more likely to dry out, Dr Gohara said. Meanwhile, Dr Camp noted that the delicate skin of your pout can easily be irritated by ingredients in skincare or food, yeast or bacteria, and even enzymes in saliva.
(4º§)You might also not be giving them enough love: lot's of people forget about their lips when they're moisturising their face. But if your lips are dry and chapped not long after you apply your balm, you just might be using the wrong kind.
(5º§)Four things to avoid in a lip balm:
1.Tingly balms
2. Fragrances
3. Flavouring agents
4. Dyes
(6º§)Dr Camp said these might cause allergic contact dermatitis, a type of eczema triggered by contact with a particular substance. And if your lips are dry, cracked, red, scaly and itchy, you might have developed a sensitivity to an ingredient in your lip balm, he added. Moral of the story, check your lip balm ingredients.
(7º§)Since you're doing that, there are a few ingredients that will help hydrate your pout. Dr Camp said you want to look for ingredients that will help trap water in the skin while keeping it moisturized for a long period of time. "Ingredients like beeswax, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, and shea butter are often used for this purpose," he said.
(8º§)You should also be wearing a salve with SPF to protect your lips from the sun. Meanwhile, Dr Gohara said that your ideal balm will have a combination of humectants (like hyaluronic acid and glycerin), which draw moisture into the skin, and occlusives (such as shea butter and mineral oil), which lock moisture in.
(9º§)The NHS recommended you use one containing petroleum jelly or beeswax. It said: "Try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you - some people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes or cosmetic ingredients."
(10º§)As long as you're using the right type of balm, Dr Gohara said you can apply it multiple times a day. According to Dr Camp, it's best to put on lip balm once in the morning and once before bed. There are other ways of preventing dry lips too.
(11º§)Lisa Borg, skin specialist and nutritionist at the Pulse Light Clinc, said the best thing you can do is drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Preferably quality water as opposed to dehydrating coffee and fizzy drinks, she noted.
(12º§)Lisa also recommended eating foods that simulate saliva production, such as apples, cucumbers, tomatoes, courgettes, watermelon, lemons, and crunchy fibrous vegetables like carrots and celery. Meanwhile, the NHS said you should wash your hands before applying lip balm and cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold weather. If you're outdoors, use a balm with SPF 15 or more every two hours, it added.
(13º§)Common causes of dry lips: cold weather, dry air or wind; damage from the sun; dehydration; a lip injury; allergies; and lack of vitamins and minerals. If you have sore or dry lips, you should avoid: picking or biting any flaky skin on your lips - this can slow down healing; licking dry or cracked lips - this can make them sore; and sharing lip balms with other people - this can spread germs.
(adapted) -wwrongg-pu--chappeed .uk/health/21661055/dermatologist-using-lip-balm-wrong-pout-chapped/
Which of the following options correctly identifies the grammatical function of "licking dry or cracked lips" (13º paragraph) in the given text?
The grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence is called:
Na concordancia verbal, quando um substantivo coletivo representar um grupo, o verbo deverá estar no singular. por exemplo: The team doesn't like this kind of game.
Uma frase adverbial é um conjunto de palavras que age como um advérbio. Esse tipo de frase é igual às orações adverbiais e dos advérbios simples. Em comparação com uma cláusula adverbial, uma frase adverbial tem um sujeito e um verbo.
The following sentence can be used as an example of a coordinated conjunction: "I will go to the beach if the weather is nice".
We use Coordinating Conjunctions to join independent clauses (that is, clauses that have complete meaning on their own, without needing another clause to make sense), phrases or just words.
Na língua inglesa, os sujeitos coletivos podem ser tratados como singular ou plural, dependendo do contexto da frase.
We can use as an example of morphology conversion in English the words: teapot, armchair.
Determining phrases precede the noun to indicate its specificity, possession, quantity, and distance, among other characteristics. As in the sentence: Two students passed the exam with flying colors.
Em orações subordinadas relativas, para adicionarmos informações ao antecedente, usamos os pronomes relativos (who, whom, whose, which e that).
The words “eat, with and
delivery” are classified as:
Conheça nossos planos