Questões de Concurso Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

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Q2217631
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Banco do Brasil Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Banco do Brasil - Agente Comercial - Prova B |
Q2217631 Inglês




Available at: https://www.idfcfirstbank.com/finfirst-blogs/beyond- -banking/what-is-the-impact-of-it-on-the-banking-sector. Retrieved on: Dec. 9, 2022. Adapted.

In the fragment in the second paragraph of the text, “With powerful AI tools, banks can make informed decisions faster by using predictive analysis, which is the central point of AI and ML”, the word in bold refers to
Alternativas
Q2217630
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Banco do Brasil Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Banco do Brasil - Agente Comercial - Prova B |
Q2217630 Inglês




Available at: https://www.idfcfirstbank.com/finfirst-blogs/beyond- -banking/what-is-the-impact-of-it-on-the-banking-sector. Retrieved on: Dec. 9, 2022. Adapted.

The main purpose of the text is to describe the association between
Alternativas
Q2217284
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2018 Banca: FUMARC Órgão: CEMIG - MG Prova: FUMARC - 2018 - CEMIG - MG - Técnico Mantenedor Mecânico da Geração I |
Q2217284 Inglês
PROVA DE INGLÊS INTERMEDIÁRIO
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:
Saving Energy
Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.
Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.
2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes
3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.
(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)

The reason why energy conservation is great is that
Alternativas
Q2217116
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2018 Banca: FUMARC Órgão: CEMIG - MG Prova: FUMARC - 2018 - CEMIG - MG - Técnico Mantenedor Eletroeletrônico da Geração I |
Q2217116 Inglês
PROVA DE INGLÊS INTERMEDIÁRIO 
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:
Saving Energy
Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.
Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire. 

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes. 

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.
(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)





What is interesting about homes built in the U.S. after 2000?
Alternativas
Q2217110
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2018 Banca: FUMARC Órgão: CEMIG - MG Prova: FUMARC - 2018 - CEMIG - MG - Técnico Mantenedor Eletroeletrônico da Geração I |
Q2217110 Inglês
PROVA DE INGLÊS INTERMEDIÁRIO 
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:
Saving Energy
Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.
Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire. 

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes. 

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.
(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)





About a century ago, people used less energy because of the
Alternativas
Q2215005
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2215005 Inglês
          As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. Apple’s Siri digital assistant unveiled a gender-neutral option last year, and when asked about their gender identities, the AI chatbots ChatGPT and Google Bard each reply, “I do not have a gender.”
     There have been concerns over gendering technology, since doing so reinforces societal stereotypes. That happens because the stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. That is likely true, says Ashley Martin, a professor at Stanford University. “People are stereotyping their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” she says.
          Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet, as Martin has found in her latest research, conducted with Malia Mason, of Columbia Universty, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed to evoke human characteristics.
          Throughout the experiments, Martin and Mason found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to devices such as digital voice assistants –– and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.

Hope Reese. Is That Self-Driving Car a Boy or a Girl? In: Insights by Stanford Business. Internet:<http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/>  (adapted)

Judge the following item, related to the vocabulary and to the grammar in the precedent text.


With the passage “unveiled a gender-neutral option”, in the first paragraph, the author informs that Apple’s Siri had such an option already, but it was difficult for users to find it.


Alternativas
Q2215003
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2215003 Inglês
      In many parts of the world colonial hegemony has resulted in the dominance of the coloniser's language at the expense of native languages. The suppression of indigenous languages is intricately connected with mental health problems. Indigenous youth with less knowledge of their native language are six times more likely to have suicidal ideation than those with greater language knowledge. Language suppression impairs self-identity, wellbeing, self-esteem, and empowerment.
       Just as language extinction can affect mental health, so can reinstating a language. Aboriginal youth who are capable of speaking their native language are less likely to consume alcohol or use illicit substances at risky amounts, and are less likely to be exposed to violence. Moreover, knowledge of indigenous languages is associated with a decrease in youth suicide by 50% a year.
       The digital recording of indigenous languages might be useful for documentation, restoration, promotion, and education. Sufficient fund allocation is required to recover and store the alphabets of indigenous languages. Separate indigenous language educational institutes, in which researchers and mental health professionals can work in cooperation, are also extremely necessary. These concerted efforts might help result in the renewal of a given indigenous language and potentially reduce mental health problems.

Omar Faruk and Simon Rosenbaum. The mental health consequences of indigenous language loss. In: The Lancet Psychiatry. Internet:<www.thelancet.com>   (adapted).  

Judge the following item, about the vocabulary and the grammatical features of the text.


In “Separate indigenous language educational institutions” (last paragraph), the use of “Separate” indicates that the educational institutions should be independent and autonomous educational units.


Alternativas
Q2215001
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2215001 Inglês
      In many parts of the world colonial hegemony has resulted in the dominance of the coloniser's language at the expense of native languages. The suppression of indigenous languages is intricately connected with mental health problems. Indigenous youth with less knowledge of their native language are six times more likely to have suicidal ideation than those with greater language knowledge. Language suppression impairs self-identity, wellbeing, self-esteem, and empowerment.
       Just as language extinction can affect mental health, so can reinstating a language. Aboriginal youth who are capable of speaking their native language are less likely to consume alcohol or use illicit substances at risky amounts, and are less likely to be exposed to violence. Moreover, knowledge of indigenous languages is associated with a decrease in youth suicide by 50% a year.
       The digital recording of indigenous languages might be useful for documentation, restoration, promotion, and education. Sufficient fund allocation is required to recover and store the alphabets of indigenous languages. Separate indigenous language educational institutes, in which researchers and mental health professionals can work in cooperation, are also extremely necessary. These concerted efforts might help result in the renewal of a given indigenous language and potentially reduce mental health problems.

Omar Faruk and Simon Rosenbaum. The mental health consequences of indigenous language loss. In: The Lancet Psychiatry. Internet:<www.thelancet.com>   (adapted).  

Judge the following item, about the vocabulary and the grammatical features of the text.


In the second sentence of the second paragraph, “who are capable of speaking their native language” restrains the meaning of “Aboriginal youth” and cannot be omitted without this changing the meaning of the sentence.


Alternativas
Q2215000
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2215000 Inglês
      In many parts of the world colonial hegemony has resulted in the dominance of the coloniser's language at the expense of native languages. The suppression of indigenous languages is intricately connected with mental health problems. Indigenous youth with less knowledge of their native language are six times more likely to have suicidal ideation than those with greater language knowledge. Language suppression impairs self-identity, wellbeing, self-esteem, and empowerment.
       Just as language extinction can affect mental health, so can reinstating a language. Aboriginal youth who are capable of speaking their native language are less likely to consume alcohol or use illicit substances at risky amounts, and are less likely to be exposed to violence. Moreover, knowledge of indigenous languages is associated with a decrease in youth suicide by 50% a year.
       The digital recording of indigenous languages might be useful for documentation, restoration, promotion, and education. Sufficient fund allocation is required to recover and store the alphabets of indigenous languages. Separate indigenous language educational institutes, in which researchers and mental health professionals can work in cooperation, are also extremely necessary. These concerted efforts might help result in the renewal of a given indigenous language and potentially reduce mental health problems.

Omar Faruk and Simon Rosenbaum. The mental health consequences of indigenous language loss. In: The Lancet Psychiatry. Internet:<www.thelancet.com>   (adapted).  

Judge the following item, about the vocabulary and the grammatical features of the text.


Because the expression “concerted efforts” is used in the last sentence of the text, it can be said that initiatives or measures that were once ineffective, went through improvement, and are presently adequate and successful. 


Alternativas
Q2214998
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214998 Inglês



Malachi Ray Rempen. Itchy feet.
Itchy feet: the travel and language comic.
Internet: <www.itchyfeetcomic.com>.

Judge the following item considering the comic strip. 


Speaking the same language does not guarantee a cultural conflict-free encounter between people from different communities.


Alternativas
Q2214997
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214997 Inglês



Malachi Ray Rempen. Itchy feet.
Itchy feet: the travel and language comic.
Internet: <www.itchyfeetcomic.com>.

Judge the following item considering the comic strip. 


One of the characters needs to go back to learn how to read the time on a watch.


Alternativas
Q2214996
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214996 Inglês



Malachi Ray Rempen. Itchy feet.
Itchy feet: the travel and language comic.
Internet: <www.itchyfeetcomic.com>.

Judge the following item considering the comic strip. 


Cultural differences may lead to problems even between people coming from the same continent.

Alternativas
Q2214995
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214995 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item concerning text 7A2.


In the beginning of the second paragraph, the word “this” stands for the information given immediately before about no language spoken today being primitive.

Alternativas
Q2214994
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214994 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item concerning text 7A2.


In the last sentence of the first paragraph, using “are reported”, the author means that the Agta people themselves have studied their vocabulary on fishing.


Alternativas
Q2214992
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214992 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item concerning text 7A2.


The conjunction “though”, in the third sentence of the second paragraph, indicates that the fact that languages are potentially equal is somewhat surprising or unexpected when compared to the information that only certain languages have adapted to the needs of a ‘complex industrial civilization’.


Alternativas
Q2214990
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214990 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item, related to text 7A2 and its subject.


It would be correct to infer from the text that fishing and beer production are of great concern both for the Agta people and for the inhabitants of Munich.


Alternativas
Q2214989
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214989 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item, related to text 7A2 and its subject.


Differences among languages do not allow them to be hierarchically classified according to decontextualized criteria.  


Alternativas
Q2214988
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214988 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item, related to text 7A2 and its subject.


It is correct to infer that languages in general work the same way because they are structures. 

Alternativas
Q2214987
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214987 Inglês

Based on the precedent comic strip, judge the following item.


The cat’s only comment is very sarcastic.


Alternativas
Q2214986
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214986 Inglês

Based on the precedent comic strip, judge the following item.


The man wished he had not eaten ravioli.


Alternativas
Respostas
2361: C
2362: B
2363: A
2364: B
2365: C
2366: E
2367: C
2368: C
2369: E
2370: C
2371: E
2372: C
2373: C
2374: E
2375: C
2376: E
2377: C
2378: E
2379: C
2380: E
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