Questões de Concurso Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

Using "he or she" as a catch-all.

      In order to be inclusive of all people, we often use the socalled gender catch-all "he or she." But when making it a goal to be inclusive of all people under the transgender umbrella, it's important to remember that binary pronouns don't include all genders.

      Non-binary and transgender individuals sometimes use pronouns like they/them and ze/hir. Using "he or she" actually excludes a group that deserves to be recognized.

      The solution: The limitations of our language make correcting this problem tricky. Intentionally using "they" as a term to be deliberately inclusive to all genders works well, but may irritate some grammar lovers. Another option? Just rewrite the sentence. It's worth the trouble.

(From: “5 accidentally transphobic phrases allies use − and what to say instead”, Mashable, http://mashable.com/2015/ 10/18/transgender-ally-words/#Q0K4bAJH7kqV) 

Using "he or she" as a catch-all.

      In order to be inclusive of all people, we often use the socalled gender catch-all "he or she." But when making it a goal to be inclusive of all people under the transgender umbrella, it's important to remember that binary pronouns don't include all genders.

      Non-binary and transgender individuals sometimes use pronouns like they/them and ze/hir. Using "he or she" actually excludes a group that deserves to be recognized.

      The solution: The limitations of our language make correcting this problem tricky. Intentionally using "they" as a term to be deliberately inclusive to all genders works well, but may irritate some grammar lovers. Another option? Just rewrite the sentence. It's worth the trouble.

(From: “5 accidentally transphobic phrases allies use − and what to say instead”, Mashable, http://mashable.com/2015/ 10/18/transgender-ally-words/#Q0K4bAJH7kqV) 

                            On “Star Wars: The Force Awakens”

                                       (2015 − original title)

       The latest episode is not all bad. Most actors are good, and the actress is a nice choice. I give it three stars because I am disgusted by how they have literally copy-pasted the old trilogies, in the most commercial way. They've cloned everything, the story, the dynamics, and some aspects of the new characters. Even the new bad guy, Kylo Ren, is a laughable copy of Darth Vader, but at least Darth Vader was imposing, while Kylo would not scare a cat. He reminded me a bit of Draco Malfoy from Harry Potter, weak and insecure behind a mask of aggression. Speaking of Harry Potter, I notice more similarities: Rey is somehow like Hermione (strong, intelligent, beautiful, brave) and Finn is somehow like Ron (jumpy, rather sweet than beautiful, a bit of a clown and not so strong). (Edward Pond, Washington D.C.)

                                                                             (From: IMDB, http://www.imdb.com) 

                            On “Star Wars: The Force Awakens”

                                       (2015 − original title)

       The latest episode is not all bad. Most actors are good, and the actress is a nice choice. I give it three stars because I am disgusted by how they have literally copy-pasted the old trilogies, in the most commercial way. They've cloned everything, the story, the dynamics, and some aspects of the new characters. Even the new bad guy, Kylo Ren, is a laughable copy of Darth Vader, but at least Darth Vader was imposing, while Kylo would not scare a cat. He reminded me a bit of Draco Malfoy from Harry Potter, weak and insecure behind a mask of aggression. Speaking of Harry Potter, I notice more similarities: Rey is somehow like Hermione (strong, intelligent, beautiful, brave) and Finn is somehow like Ron (jumpy, rather sweet than beautiful, a bit of a clown and not so strong). (Edward Pond, Washington D.C.)

                                                                             (From: IMDB, http://www.imdb.com) 

TEXT TWO

                          Kythnos Aeolic Park: The Aeolic and Photovoltaic

                               Energy Park on Kythnos Greece, Cyclades

The Aeolic Park on Kythnos: The calm island of Kythnos in the Cyclades hides an innovative technology site, which can feed the power requirements of the whole island while being extremely eco-friendly. The Aeolic and Photovoltaic energy park close to the capital village, Chora, generates electrical power from the heavy winds and the sunlight.

Before 1983 the power requirements of Kythnos were fed using diesel generators. But it was a costly and unreliable source as the tourist influx of summer season increased the energy requirement of the coastal villages by up to 8 times that of the winter. Installation of the five 20 kw wind turbines on the island helped in supplying most of the winter power, so in summer it worked in conjunction with the diesel generators to supply an overload to the stable power grid.

Later Photovoltaic Solar panel modules were installed in 1983. The Battery Inverter system of the park can supply 500kw for 10min to the whole island during peak hours or emergency loads. New turbines have been added to the park today as well as an advanced autonomous control system for the production of more energy.

                          http://www.greeka.com/cyclades/kythnos/kythnos-excursions/kythnos-aeolic-park.htm

TEXT TWO

                          Kythnos Aeolic Park: The Aeolic and Photovoltaic

                               Energy Park on Kythnos Greece, Cyclades

The Aeolic Park on Kythnos: The calm island of Kythnos in the Cyclades hides an innovative technology site, which can feed the power requirements of the whole island while being extremely eco-friendly. The Aeolic and Photovoltaic energy park close to the capital village, Chora, generates electrical power from the heavy winds and the sunlight.

Before 1983 the power requirements of Kythnos were fed using diesel generators. But it was a costly and unreliable source as the tourist influx of summer season increased the energy requirement of the coastal villages by up to 8 times that of the winter. Installation of the five 20 kw wind turbines on the island helped in supplying most of the winter power, so in summer it worked in conjunction with the diesel generators to supply an overload to the stable power grid.

Later Photovoltaic Solar panel modules were installed in 1983. The Battery Inverter system of the park can supply 500kw for 10min to the whole island during peak hours or emergency loads. New turbines have been added to the park today as well as an advanced autonomous control system for the production of more energy.

                          http://www.greeka.com/cyclades/kythnos/kythnos-excursions/kythnos-aeolic-park.htm

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/