Questões de Concurso
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
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AUNT ACQUITTED IN NIECE’S HIT-AND-RUN DEATH
WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 2015 BY TAMARA APARTON
San Francisco, CA − A woman charged with child endangerment after a hit-and-run driver fatally struck her 2-year-old niece as the family crossed against a traffic light was acquitted of all charges today, San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi announced.
Jurors deliberated a day and a half before clearing Loyresha Gage, 26, of felony child endangerment resulting in death and misdemeanor child endangerment. Gage faced up to 10 years in state prison, said her attorney, Deputy Public Defender Kevin Mitchell.
The tragic incident occurred Aug. 15, 2014. Gage was caring for her sister’s 2-year-old twins. As the three left the Metreon after seeing the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie, Gage took a long-awaited call from a friend who had been a no-show to the planned movie date. ..I.. still on the phone, Gage attempted to navigate a crosswalk on Mission Street.
After waiting for traffic to clear, Gage and her niece, Mi’yana Gregory, stepped into the crosswalk. A little less than halfway across Mission Street,
Gage realized her nephew was still on the curb and panicked. As she sprinted back to pick him up, a sedan sped down Mission and fatally struck Mi’yana.
Gage was arrested Aug. 19 and police never found the hit-and-run driver.
Gage’s family did not want her prosecuted and attended the trial to support her. The prosecutor’s decision to charge Gage was extremely painful for her family, who were struggling to cope with losing Mi’yana, Mitchell said.
Adachi praised the jury’s decision.
“The decision to treat this tragic mistake like a crime only added to the pain and suffering Ms. Gage and her entire family experienced. Fortunately, her public defender worked hard to ensure her case was heard,” Adachi said.
(http://sfpublicdefender.org/news/2015/07/aunt-acquitted-in-nieces-hit-and-run-death/)
Writing a business letter
Using the correct language and tone
Business letters ..I.. be written in a formal tone using business-like language. Although it ...II... be suitable to use a friendly and informal style for an office memo, you ..III.. remember that a business letter normally conveys information on a professional matter and the language used should reflect this. However, avoid using technical terms or jargon which may be unfamiliar or confusing to the reader.
Using correct spelling, punctuation and grammar
Using correct spelling is very important especially in regards to people’s names and any business or technical terms that you may be using. You can use the spell check facility in your word processing package or consult a dictionary before having someone review your letter.
Punctuation helps the reader understand your letter so it is important that you know how to use it correctly. You also need to be aware of where punctuation is used in a letter. For example, unless instructed otherwise, you should use the open punctuation style for correspondence. Open punctuation means that you do not use punctuation other than in the actual text. For example, the inside address would not have any punctuation. Open punctuation is often used in business correspondence to speed up the process of creating letters.
A simple grammatical error can easily make your letter look unprofessional. Make sure that you understand the basic rules of grammar.
If you are uncertain of the rules on punctuation or grammar then it would pay to consult an English language handbook or you could ask your supervisor.
Conveying the correct information
The purpose of a business letter is to convey specific information. Therefore, you must ensure that the correct details are provided. Any figures or financial information should be thoroughly checked before being reviewed by the person signing the letter.
Ensuring the correct enclosures are included
If the letter indicates that other documents will be enclosed then you must make sure that the correct documents are in fact enclosed.
Reviewing your
work Whenever you prepare a business letter, firstly prepare a draft copy which you have checked thoroughly. This draft copy should be presented for review. The review process may result in corrections or further information being added.
Make the appropriate changes and then present the letter again for another review. This process should be repeated, until the person signing the letter is satisfied that it correctly conveys their message.
Spacing
When you prepare your draft letter you should use one and a half or double spacing to allow the reviewer to easily make changes. The final letter can be prepared using single spacing unless your firm has other specific spacing requirements.
Filing business letters
You will need to take a photocopy of the final signed letter prior to sending it to the intended recipient(s).
(https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/legal/OFFICE/T01/T01_A/T1_LCBK.html#language)
Writing a business letter
Using the correct language and tone
Business letters ..I.. be written in a formal tone using business-like language. Although it ...II... be suitable to use a friendly and informal style for an office memo, you ..III.. remember that a business letter normally conveys information on a professional matter and the language used should reflect this. However, avoid using technical terms or jargon which may be unfamiliar or confusing to the reader.
Using correct spelling, punctuation and grammar
Using correct spelling is very important especially in regards to people’s names and any business or technical terms that you may be using. You can use the spell check facility in your word processing package or consult a dictionary before having someone review your letter.
Punctuation helps the reader understand your letter so it is important that you know how to use it correctly. You also need to be aware of where punctuation is used in a letter. For example, unless instructed otherwise, you should use the open punctuation style for correspondence. Open punctuation means that you do not use punctuation other than in the actual text. For example, the inside address would not have any punctuation. Open punctuation is often used in business correspondence to speed up the process of creating letters.
A simple grammatical error can easily make your letter look unprofessional. Make sure that you understand the basic rules of grammar.
If you are uncertain of the rules on punctuation or grammar then it would pay to consult an English language handbook or you could ask your supervisor.
Conveying the correct information
The purpose of a business letter is to convey specific information. Therefore, you must ensure that the correct details are provided. Any figures or financial information should be thoroughly checked before being reviewed by the person signing the letter.
Ensuring the correct enclosures are included
If the letter indicates that other documents will be enclosed then you must make sure that the correct documents are in fact enclosed.
Reviewing your
work Whenever you prepare a business letter, firstly prepare a draft copy which you have checked thoroughly. This draft copy should be presented for review. The review process may result in corrections or further information being added.
Make the appropriate changes and then present the letter again for another review. This process should be repeated, until the person signing the letter is satisfied that it correctly conveys their message.
Spacing
When you prepare your draft letter you should use one and a half or double spacing to allow the reviewer to easily make changes. The final letter can be prepared using single spacing unless your firm has other specific spacing requirements.
Filing business letters
You will need to take a photocopy of the final signed letter prior to sending it to the intended recipient(s).
(https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/legal/OFFICE/T01/T01_A/T1_LCBK.html#language)
Consider the figure below.
The correct way to describe the main concepts showing by the figure is:
Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:
Environmental law in Brazil
BRAZIL’S gridlocked Congress often ends up passing contentious laws only after the combatants collapse in exhaustion. So it is with the revision of the Forest Code, a set of rules that, ...A... the name, apply to all privately owned rural land, not just plots in wooded areas. The code, originally approved in 1965, requires owners to keep native vegetation on parts of their land − 80% in the Amazon, less elsewhere − and in erosion-prone and biodiverse areas such as riverbanks and mangrove swamps. But it was long ignored.
Since harsher penalties and enforcement were introduced in the late 1990s the ruralistas, as Brazil’s powerful farming lobby is known, have been trying to revise the code. On April 25th, after 13 years of arguments, rewrites and stalling, the final text landed on the desk of the president, Dilma Rousseff. It was far from the version she wanted. Two government defeats in the ruralista-packed lower house meant it contained few of her own previous revisions or those of the more green-friendly Senate.
The president faced a difficult choice: to scrap the text and start again − which would probably be taken as a declaration of war by the ruralistas − or to make the best of a bad job. She chose the latter. On May 25th ministers went to Congress to say that the president would veto 12 of the new code’s 84 articles and make 32 smaller cuts. The resulting holes would be backfilled in a separate executive decree. Only on May 28th were the details published.
Under Ms Rousseff’s veto, the amnesty sought by ruralistas will apply only to smallholders, who will still have to replant 20% of their plots. Everyone else will have five years to right past wrongs and add their properties to a new Rural Environmental Register. Holdouts will be denied bank loans and face prosecution.
Rubens Ricupero, one of ten former environment ministers consulted by the president before the veto, praises her attempt to strike a balance. Treating small landowners more leniently was both practical, he thinks − they account for 90% of rural properties by number but just 24% by area − and socially just: few could afford much replanting.
(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/node/21556245?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a)
Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:
Environmental law in Brazil
BRAZIL’S gridlocked Congress often ends up passing contentious laws only after the combatants collapse in exhaustion. So it is with the revision of the Forest Code, a set of rules that, ...A... the name, apply to all privately owned rural land, not just plots in wooded areas. The code, originally approved in 1965, requires owners to keep native vegetation on parts of their land − 80% in the Amazon, less elsewhere − and in erosion-prone and biodiverse areas such as riverbanks and mangrove swamps. But it was long ignored.
Since harsher penalties and enforcement were introduced in the late 1990s the ruralistas, as Brazil’s powerful farming lobby is known, have been trying to revise the code. On April 25th, after 13 years of arguments, rewrites and stalling, the final text landed on the desk of the president, Dilma Rousseff. It was far from the version she wanted. Two government defeats in the ruralista-packed lower house meant it contained few of her own previous revisions or those of the more green-friendly Senate.
The president faced a difficult choice: to scrap the text and start again − which would probably be taken as a declaration of war by the ruralistas − or to make the best of a bad job. She chose the latter. On May 25th ministers went to Congress to say that the president would veto 12 of the new code’s 84 articles and make 32 smaller cuts. The resulting holes would be backfilled in a separate executive decree. Only on May 28th were the details published.
Under Ms Rousseff’s veto, the amnesty sought by ruralistas will apply only to smallholders, who will still have to replant 20% of their plots. Everyone else will have five years to right past wrongs and add their properties to a new Rural Environmental Register. Holdouts will be denied bank loans and face prosecution.
Rubens Ricupero, one of ten former environment ministers consulted by the president before the veto, praises her attempt to strike a balance. Treating small landowners more leniently was both practical, he thinks − they account for 90% of rural properties by number but just 24% by area − and socially just: few could afford much replanting.
(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/node/21556245?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a)
Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:
Environmental law in Brazil
BRAZIL’S gridlocked Congress often ends up passing contentious laws only after the combatants collapse in exhaustion. So it is with the revision of the Forest Code, a set of rules that, ...A... the name, apply to all privately owned rural land, not just plots in wooded areas. The code, originally approved in 1965, requires owners to keep native vegetation on parts of their land − 80% in the Amazon, less elsewhere − and in erosion-prone and biodiverse areas such as riverbanks and mangrove swamps. But it was long ignored.
Since harsher penalties and enforcement were introduced in the late 1990s the ruralistas, as Brazil’s powerful farming lobby is known, have been trying to revise the code. On April 25th, after 13 years of arguments, rewrites and stalling, the final text landed on the desk of the president, Dilma Rousseff. It was far from the version she wanted. Two government defeats in the ruralista-packed lower house meant it contained few of her own previous revisions or those of the more green-friendly Senate.
The president faced a difficult choice: to scrap the text and start again − which would probably be taken as a declaration of war by the ruralistas − or to make the best of a bad job. She chose the latter. On May 25th ministers went to Congress to say that the president would veto 12 of the new code’s 84 articles and make 32 smaller cuts. The resulting holes would be backfilled in a separate executive decree. Only on May 28th were the details published.
Under Ms Rousseff’s veto, the amnesty sought by ruralistas will apply only to smallholders, who will still have to replant 20% of their plots. Everyone else will have five years to right past wrongs and add their properties to a new Rural Environmental Register. Holdouts will be denied bank loans and face prosecution.
Rubens Ricupero, one of ten former environment ministers consulted by the president before the veto, praises her attempt to strike a balance. Treating small landowners more leniently was both practical, he thinks − they account for 90% of rural properties by number but just 24% by area − and socially just: few could afford much replanting.
(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/node/21556245?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a)
Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:
Environmental law in Brazil
BRAZIL’S gridlocked Congress often ends up passing contentious laws only after the combatants collapse in exhaustion. So it is with the revision of the Forest Code, a set of rules that, ...A... the name, apply to all privately owned rural land, not just plots in wooded areas. The code, originally approved in 1965, requires owners to keep native vegetation on parts of their land − 80% in the Amazon, less elsewhere − and in erosion-prone and biodiverse areas such as riverbanks and mangrove swamps. But it was long ignored.
Since harsher penalties and enforcement were introduced in the late 1990s the ruralistas, as Brazil’s powerful farming lobby is known, have been trying to revise the code. On April 25th, after 13 years of arguments, rewrites and stalling, the final text landed on the desk of the president, Dilma Rousseff. It was far from the version she wanted. Two government defeats in the ruralista-packed lower house meant it contained few of her own previous revisions or those of the more green-friendly Senate.
The president faced a difficult choice: to scrap the text and start again − which would probably be taken as a declaration of war by the ruralistas − or to make the best of a bad job. She chose the latter. On May 25th ministers went to Congress to say that the president would veto 12 of the new code’s 84 articles and make 32 smaller cuts. The resulting holes would be backfilled in a separate executive decree. Only on May 28th were the details published.
Under Ms Rousseff’s veto, the amnesty sought by ruralistas will apply only to smallholders, who will still have to replant 20% of their plots. Everyone else will have five years to right past wrongs and add their properties to a new Rural Environmental Register. Holdouts will be denied bank loans and face prosecution.
Rubens Ricupero, one of ten former environment ministers consulted by the president before the veto, praises her attempt to strike a balance. Treating small landowners more leniently was both practical, he thinks − they account for 90% of rural properties by number but just 24% by area − and socially just: few could afford much replanting.
(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/node/21556245?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a)
Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:
Historically, cachaça is directly linked to the introduction of sugarcane and the production of sugar in Brazil during the mid- 1500s. The slaves who were working at the sugar mills discovered that the garapa, the cooked sugarcane juice that was left standing, would ferment, turning into an alcoholic beverage. Apparently in the beginning, the beverage was given only to slaves at the end of their workday, but soon it became a popular drink consumed by all types of people. With the increase of demand, cachaça distilleries proliferated, and cachaça turned into the favorite alcoholic drink of the whole colony, becoming a threat to bagaceira, a Portuguese brandy made with grapes. As a consequence, during the gold rush, the consumption of cachaça was such that a royal court order of 1743 prohibited the distilleries in all Minas Gerais, probably starting cachaça’s first steps on its long social underground history. (Only in the 1990s did cachaça exit this social stigma to gain status and national and then international recognition.)
With the excuse of producing sugar, people continued to secretly produce cachaça, which prompted the court to attach high taxation on the Brazilian beverage.
Later, during the first movements for independence, cachaça was converted to a political statement when Brazilians served it instead of Porto wine during important receptions.
(Roberts, Yara Castro & Richard Roberts. 2009. The Brazilian Table. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith., p. 29)
Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:
Historically, cachaça is directly linked to the introduction of sugarcane and the production of sugar in Brazil during the mid- 1500s. The slaves who were working at the sugar mills discovered that the garapa, the cooked sugarcane juice that was left standing, would ferment, turning into an alcoholic beverage. Apparently in the beginning, the beverage was given only to slaves at the end of their workday, but soon it became a popular drink consumed by all types of people. With the increase of demand, cachaça distilleries proliferated, and cachaça turned into the favorite alcoholic drink of the whole colony, becoming a threat to bagaceira, a Portuguese brandy made with grapes. As a consequence, during the gold rush, the consumption of cachaça was such that a royal court order of 1743 prohibited the distilleries in all Minas Gerais, probably starting cachaça’s first steps on its long social underground history. (Only in the 1990s did cachaça exit this social stigma to gain status and national and then international recognition.)
With the excuse of producing sugar, people continued to secretly produce cachaça, which prompted the court to attach high taxation on the Brazilian beverage.
Later, during the first movements for independence, cachaça was converted to a political statement when Brazilians served it instead of Porto wine during important receptions.
(Roberts, Yara Castro & Richard Roberts. 2009. The Brazilian Table. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith., p. 29)
Forensic computer analysts investigate crimes against computers, such as hacking, as well as crimes involving computers. They might search a suspect’s computer hard drive for incriminating files, pictures or other documents. They might also track the Internet activity of a suspect or victim to determine what sites he visited and whom he communicated with. In addition, they can often reveal information that suspects have attempted to hide, such as determining where an email or other electronic communication originated from even if the sender concealed his computer’s IP address to mask his location.
Internet:< http://oureverydaylife.com> (adapted).
According to the text, forensic computer analysts
There are specific types of systems analysts, such as systems architects or systems designers, but a systems analyst generally works in the computer department of a company providing the research and information necessary to maintain an up-to-date computer system. The main responsibility of a systems analyst is to make certain the computer system of his or her employer is functioning efficiently. To do this, a systems analyst may examine both the hardware and software currently being used and suggest or even design new programs to better meet the organization’s needs. In most cases, the systems analyst would also provide a cost-benefits analysis to make certain any proposed changes were fiscally responsible.
Internet: <http://study.com> (adapted).
It can be concluded from the text that systems analysts
Asem Hasna lost his leg in Syria – now he’s 3D-printing a second chance for fellow amputees
The story of Refugee Open Ware, and one wounded refugee’s efforts to help his countrymen back on their feet.
For most people, the first time they use a 3D printer is to create a simple object – a fridge magnet or a bookmark. Asem Hasna, then a 20-year-old Syrian refugee in Jordan, began with a prosthetic hand for a woman who lost hers in Syria’s civil war.
Hasna had met the woman in 2014 in Zaatari, the refugee camp 65 kilometers north-east of Amman, the capital of Jordan. The young woman, who has requested anonymity, lost her right hand during an attack and was struggling to care for her two daughters. Hasna, now 23, had just joined Refugee Open Ware (ROW), an Amman-based organisation that taught refugees how to 3D-print affordable artificial limbs for amputees.
(http://www.wired.co.uk/article/asem-hasna-prosthetics-syria)
A respeito do texto acima, considere as seguintes afirmativas:
1. Asem Hasna teve sua perna amputada antes de completar 23 anos.
2. Hasna, refugiado sírio, tem ajudado seus compatriotas feridos em conflitos confeccionando próteses em 3D.
3. Os primeiros objetos em 3D confeccionados por Hasna foram um marcador de livros e um ímã de geladeira.
4. A mulher que perdeu sua mão direita na guerra da Síria ajuda seu compatriota Hasna, confeccionando membros em 3D.
5. A organização – ROW –, situada em Amman, ensina refugiados a confeccionar membros em 3D a um preço acessível.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham suggest that brainwave-sensing headsets, also known as EEG or electroencephalograph headsets, need better security after a study reveals hackers could guess a user’s passwords by monitoring their brainwaves.
(Disponível: <https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170701081756.htm>
Sobre a sigla EEG, considere as seguintes expressões:
1. Brainwave-sensing headsets.
2. Electroencephalograph headsets.
3. User’s passwords.
É/São expressão(ões) que substitui(em) a sigla EEG:
Computer that reads body language
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute have enabled a computer to understand body poses and movements of multiple people from video in real time – including, for the first time, the pose of each individual’s hands and fingers.
Carnegie Mellon University researchers have developed methods to detect the body pose, including facial expressions and hand positions, of multiple individuals.
This enables computers to not only identify parts of the body, but to understand how they are moving and positioned. This new method was developed with the help of the Panoptic Studio, a two-story dome embedded with 500 video cameras. The insights gained from experiments in that facility now make it possible to detect the pose of a group of people using a single camera and a laptop computer.
Yaser Sheikh, associate professor of robotics, said these methods for tracking 2-D human form and motion open up new ways for people and machines to interact with each other, and for people to use machines to better understand the world around them. The ability to recognize hand poses, for instance, will make it possible for people to interact with computers in new and more natural ways, such as communicating with computers simply by pointing at things.
Detecting the nuances of nonverbal communication between individuals will allow robots to serve in social spaces, allowing robots to perceive what people around them are doing, what moods they are in and whether they can be interrupted. A self-driving car could get an early warning that a pedestrian is about to step into the street by monitoring body language. In sports analytics, real-time pose detection will make it possible for computers not only to track the position of each player on the field of play, as is now the case, but to also know what players are doing with their arms, legs and heads at each point in time. The methods can be used for live events or applied to existing videos.
“The Panoptic Studio supercharges our research”, Sheikh said. It now is being used to improve body, face and hand detectors by jointly training them. Also, as work progresses to move from the 2-D models of humans to 3-D models, the facility’s ability to automatically generate annotated images will be crucial.
When the Panoptic Studio was built a decade ago with support from the National Science Foundation, it was not clear what impact it would have, Sheikh said.
“Now, we’re able to break through a number of technical barriers primarily as a result of a grant 10 years ago”, he added. “We’re sharing the code, but we’re also sharing all the data captured in the Panoptic Studio”.
(Disponível:<https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170706143158.htm>
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