Questões de Inglês para Concurso
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Text: “Why do people collect?”
Petra Engels owns 19,571 erasers, Carol Vaughn has 1,221 bars of soap, and Ralf Shrőder has a collection of 14,502 packets of sugar. Many people love to collect things, but why? Psychologists and collectors have different opinions.
The psychologist Carl Jung believed that collecting is part of our ancient human history. Thousands of years ago, humans collected nuts and berries. They kept them carefully and ate them when there was no food. The best collectors survived long cold winters or seasons without rain. Their genes passed to future generations. Nowadays, we still have a collecting instinct.
Historian Philipp Bloom has a different opinion. He thinks collectors want to make something that will remain after their death. By bringing many similar items together, the collector gains historical importance. Sometimes their collections become museums or libraries, for example, Henry Huntington, who founded a library in Los Angeles to house his collection of books.
Author Steve Roach thinks that people collect things to remember their childhood. Many children collect things, but few have enough money to buy the things they really want, and they lose interest. In later life, they remember their collections fondly. Now, they have enough money and opportunity to find special items, and they start collecting again. This way, they can re-live and enjoy their childhood years.
Art collector, Werner Muensterberger, agrees that collecting is linked to childhood. But he believes we collect in order to feel safe and secure. While babies hold blankets or toys to feel safe when their mother isn’t there, adults collect things to stop feeling lonely or anxious.
Autograph collector Mark Baker agrees that collecting is emotional, but he doesn’t collect to reduce anxiety. “For me, it’s the excitement,” he says. “I love trying to get a famous person’s autograph. Sometimes I succeed, and sometimes I fail. Also, by collecting autographs, I feel connected to famous people. I don’t just watch them on television. I actually meet them.”
These are just a few reasons for collecting. Do you know any people with collections? Why do they collect?
Questions related to the text above
People collect things because it makes them feel comfortable.
TEXTO 6
ESSENTIAL GAME ELEMENTS
At its heart, gamification is about taking elements from games and applying them to non-game settings (Deterding, 2011). While many look at modern video games as a key inspiration for gamification, central elements such as points and levels come out of tabletop roleplaying games. While no one has yet succeeded in coming up with an undisputed definition for "game," most would agree that to be considered a game, it must include at least the following aspects:
1. Interactivity: If there is no way for the player to affect change on the system; if there is nothing for the player to actually do, then it ceases to be a game.
2. Rules: A mechanism to constrain the behavior of players in pre-specified ways.
3. Goal(s): One or more objectives that players pursue while interacting with the game.
4. Quantifiable measure of progress (or success): This can be as simple as a binary acknowledgement of completion, or as complex as a set of cricket scores.
5. Definite ending: While some applications commonly referred to as games do not have clear endings (The Sims, for example), most games have a clear endpoint. By this measure of game, it could easily be argued that a formal educational course meets these criteria.
Source: Gamification in the Classroom: Old Wine in New Badges, by Katrin Becker and Scott Nicholson. In: Learning, Education and Games Volume Two: Bringing Games into Educational Contexis. ETC Press, 2006. Available on: hitps://www.researchgate.net/publication/308402198 Gam ification in the Classroom Old Wine in New Badges
Analise as seguintes afirmativas:
I. A frase "We aint ready yet" apresenta uma variante informal da negativa no inglês.
II. A frase "I learned a lot” apresenta uma variação linguística no tempo passado simples.
III. A frase "My favorite color is red" apresenta uma variação linguistica regional do inglês.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
TEXTO 6
ESSENTIAL GAME ELEMENTS
At its heart, gamification is about taking elements from games and applying them to non-game settings (Deterding, 2011). While many look at modern video games as a key inspiration for gamification, central elements such as points and levels come out of tabletop roleplaying games. While no one has yet succeeded in coming up with an undisputed definition for "game," most would agree that to be considered a game, it must include at least the following aspects:
1. Interactivity: If there is no way for the player to affect change on the system; if there is nothing for the player to actually do, then it ceases to be a game.
2. Rules: A mechanism to constrain the behavior of players in pre-specified ways.
3. Goal(s): One or more objectives that players pursue while interacting with the game.
4. Quantifiable measure of progress (or success): This can be as simple as a binary acknowledgement of completion, or as complex as a set of cricket scores.
5. Definite ending: While some applications commonly referred to as games do not have clear endings (The Sims, for example), most games have a clear endpoint. By this measure of game, it could easily be argued that a formal educational course meets these criteria.
Source: Gamification in the Classroom: Old Wine in New Badges, by Katrin Becker and Scott Nicholson. In: Learning, Education and Games Volume Two: Bringing Games into Educational Contexis. ETC Press, 2006. Available on: hitps://www.researchgate.net/publication/308402198 Gam ification in the Classroom Old Wine in New Badges
Considerando-se as estratégias de leitura em língua inglesa, analise as afirmativas a seguir:
I. É um exemplo de uma pergunta que utiliza a estratégia de skimming: "What is the main idea of the text?”
Il. É um exemplo de pergunta que utiliza a estratégia de scanning: "What time did the man go home in the story you've just read?”
Ill. São exemplos de cognatos e falsos cognatos, respectivamente: parents and cigar.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
TEXTO 6
ESSENTIAL GAME ELEMENTS
At its heart, gamification is about taking elements from games and applying them to non-game settings (Deterding, 2011). While many look at modern video games as a key inspiration for gamification, central elements such as points and levels come out of tabletop roleplaying games. While no one has yet succeeded in coming up with an undisputed definition for "game," most would agree that to be considered a game, it must include at least the following aspects:
1. Interactivity: If there is no way for the player to affect change on the system; if there is nothing for the player to actually do, then it ceases to be a game.
2. Rules: A mechanism to constrain the behavior of players in pre-specified ways.
3. Goal(s): One or more objectives that players pursue while interacting with the game.
4. Quantifiable measure of progress (or success): This can be as simple as a binary acknowledgement of completion, or as complex as a set of cricket scores.
5. Definite ending: While some applications commonly referred to as games do not have clear endings (The Sims, for example), most games have a clear endpoint. By this measure of game, it could easily be argued that a formal educational course meets these criteria.
Source: Gamification in the Classroom: Old Wine in New Badges, by Katrin Becker and Scott Nicholson. In: Learning, Education and Games Volume Two: Bringing Games into Educational Contexis. ETC Press, 2006. Available on: hitps://www.researchgate.net/publication/308402198 Gam ification in the Classroom Old Wine in New Badges
Analise as seguintes afirmativas sobre o texto “Essential Game Elements”:
I. É possível inferir do texto que o autor acredita que a maioria das pessoas que estão tentando definir o que é um jogo concordam que jogos contém pelo menos um aspecto dos indicados no texto.
II. É possível dizer que para facilitar a leitura do texto, todos os aspectos de jogos listados no texto deveriam conter substantivos, tornando a lista uma estrutura paralela.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
TEXTO 6
ESSENTIAL GAME ELEMENTS
At its heart, gamification is about taking elements from games and applying them to non-game settings (Deterding, 2011). While many look at modern video games as a key inspiration for gamification, central elements such as points and levels come out of tabletop roleplaying games. While no one has yet succeeded in coming up with an undisputed definition for "game," most would agree that to be considered a game, it must include at least the following aspects:
1. Interactivity: If there is no way for the player to affect change on the system; if there is nothing for the player to actually do, then it ceases to be a game.
2. Rules: A mechanism to constrain the behavior of players in pre-specified ways.
3. Goal(s): One or more objectives that players pursue while interacting with the game.
4. Quantifiable measure of progress (or success): This can be as simple as a binary acknowledgement of completion, or as complex as a set of cricket scores.
5. Definite ending: While some applications commonly referred to as games do not have clear endings (The Sims, for example), most games have a clear endpoint. By this measure of game, it could easily be argued that a formal educational course meets these criteria.
Source: Gamification in the Classroom: Old Wine in New Badges, by Katrin Becker and Scott Nicholson. In: Learning, Education and Games Volume Two: Bringing Games into Educational Contexis. ETC Press, 2006. Available on: hitps://www.researchgate.net/publication/308402198 Gam ification in the Classroom Old Wine in New Badges
Analise as seguintes afirmativas sobre o texto "Essential Game Elements”:
I. Gamification é uma metodologia ativa na qual professores usam jogos modernos em sala de aula para instigar a aprendizagem participativa.
Il. Uma sala de aula em um curso de educação formal que não utiliza gamification possui elementos de games, como os apontados no texto.
llI. Uma sala de aula de língua inglesa pode se beneficiar de gamification na maioria dos elementos, exceto o "final definido” (elemento 5), pois a língua(gem) está mudando constantemente e aprender inglês é uma descoberta constante.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
TEXT 3
This morning, the village school opened. I had twenty scholars. But three of the number can read: none write or cipher. Several knit, and a few sew a little. They speak with the broadest accent of the district. At present, they and Ihave a difficulty in understanding each other's language. Some of them are unmannered, rough, intractable, as well as ignorant; but others are docile, have a wish to learn, and evince a disposition that pleases me. I must not forget that these coarsely-clad little peasants are of flesh and blood as good as the scions of gentlest genealogy; and that the germs of native excellence, refinement, intelligence, kind feeling, are as likely to exist in their hearts as in those of the best-born. My duty will be to develop these germs: surely I shall find some happiness in discharging that office. Much enjoyment I do not expect in the life opening before me: yet it will, doubtless, if I regulate my mind, and exert my powers as I ought, yield me enough to live on from day to day.
Source: Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brônte (1847). Available on: https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-04-09- Jane%20Eyre.pdf
Examine the following statements about the extract from the novel 'Jane Eyre':
I. In 'I must not forget that these coarsely-clad little peasants are of flesh and blood as good as the scions of gentlest genealogy', the narrator uses the expression in bold to convince herself of the good nature of the students she is describing.
II. In 'the germs of native excellence, refinement, intelligence, kind feeling, are as likely to exist in their hearts as in those of the best-born.', the expression in bold makes a comparison of equality between the positive traits in peasant students and those best-born.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
TEXT 3
This morning, the village school opened. I had twenty scholars. But three of the number can read: none write or cipher. Several knit, and a few sew a little. They speak with the broadest accent of the district. At present, they and Ihave a difficulty in understanding each other's language. Some of them are unmannered, rough, intractable, as well as ignorant; but others are docile, have a wish to learn, and evince a disposition that pleases me. I must not forget that these coarsely-clad little peasants are of flesh and blood as good as the scions of gentlest genealogy; and that the germs of native excellence, refinement, intelligence, kind feeling, are as likely to exist in their hearts as in those of the best-born. My duty will be to develop these germs: surely I shall find some happiness in discharging that office. Much enjoyment I do not expect in the life opening before me: yet it will, doubtless, if I regulate my mind, and exert my powers as I ought, yield me enough to live on from day to day.
Source: Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brônte (1847). Available on: https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-04-09- Jane%20Eyre.pdf
Examine the following statements about the extract from the novel 'Jane Eyre':
I. In 'They speak with the broadest accent of the district', there is an example of a superlative.
II. In 'none write or cipher', by changing the word 'cipher' to 'do Maths', the meaning of the sentence changes little to none.
III. In 'Much enjoyment I do not expect in the life opening before me”, a more expected order for the sentence would be “I do not expect much enjoyment in the life opening before me”.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
TEXT 3
This morning, the village school opened. I had twenty scholars. But three of the number can read: none write or cipher. Several knit, and a few sew a little. They speak with the broadest accent of the district. At present, they and Ihave a difficulty in understanding each other's language. Some of them are unmannered, rough, intractable, as well as ignorant; but others are docile, have a wish to learn, and evince a disposition that pleases me. I must not forget that these coarsely-clad little peasants are of flesh and blood as good as the scions of gentlest genealogy; and that the germs of native excellence, refinement, intelligence, kind feeling, are as likely to exist in their hearts as in those of the best-born. My duty will be to develop these germs: surely I shall find some happiness in discharging that office. Much enjoyment I do not expect in the life opening before me: yet it will, doubtless, if I regulate my mind, and exert my powers as I ought, yield me enough to live on from day to day.
Source: Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brônte (1847). Available on: https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-04-09- Jane%20Eyre.pdf
Examine the following statements about the extract from the novel 'Jane Eyre':
I. The narrator is a teacher who has been in a long career teaching villagers.
II. The narrator believes the unmannered and ignorant students have no means of learning since they have difficulty understanding each other's language.
III.The narrator expresses a preference for students with a wish to learn for they have native excellence.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
TEXT 2
Why Cheating Increased in the Pandemic and What to Do About It
1 Right now, talking about honesty might feel old-fashioned. The pandemic and its ripple effects of anxiety and stress may seem like a license to prioritize our wants and needs over our oughts and shoulds. In particular, more than a few students and parents I've spoken with in recent months told me that until this crisis is behind us, it should be OK to cheat a little on homework and exams. And nationwide, reports of cheating at college since the advent of the pandemic have skyrocketed.
2 New research shows that, indeed, students who report higher levels of distress, sadness, and other negative emotions tend to adopt more generous attitudes toward plagiarism, which in turn predicts actually committing more plagiarism. In other words, when you're feeling besieged, doing the right thing is even harder than usual.
3 Don't underestimate the influence of stress on every aspect of behavior, including honesty. Decisions to do the right thing are more difficult when you feel like you're struggling.
Source: Adapted from "Why Cheating Increased in the Pandemic and What to Do About It”, by Angela Duckworth, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.edweek.org/leadership/opinion-why-cheating- increased-in-the-pandemic-and-what-to-do-about- it/2022/04
Examine the following statements about the text 'Why Cheating Increased in the Pandemic and What to Do About it", considering numbers 1, 2 and 3 as marks of the paragraphs in the text:
I. In the first paragraph, the author relates the problem of cheating in school settings to the pandemic, evidencing how parents are the main motivators for this change.
Il. In the second paragraph, the author exposes her opinion on plagiarism and confirms students who report high levels of distress are more lenient on cheating.
Ill. In the third paragraph, the author brings her personal experiences to reinforce the connection between negative emotions and honesty, making this an argumentative essay.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
TEXT 2
Why Cheating Increased in the Pandemic and What to Do About It
1 Right now, talking about honesty might feel old-fashioned. The pandemic and its ripple effects of anxiety and stress may seem like a license to prioritize our wants and needs over our oughts and shoulds. In particular, more than a few students and parents I've spoken with in recent months told me that until this crisis is behind us, it should be OK to cheat a little on homework and exams. And nationwide, reports of cheating at college since the advent of the pandemic have skyrocketed.
2 New research shows that, indeed, students who report higher levels of distress, sadness, and other negative emotions tend to adopt more generous attitudes toward plagiarism, which in turn predicts actually committing more plagiarism. In other words, when you're feeling besieged, doing the right thing is even harder than usual.
3 Don't underestimate the influence of stress on every aspect of behavior, including honesty. Decisions to do the right thing are more difficult when you feel like you're struggling.
Source: Adapted from "Why Cheating Increased in the Pandemic and What to Do About It”, by Angela Duckworth, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.edweek.org/leadership/opinion-why-cheating- increased-in-the-pandemic-and-what-to-do-about- it/2022/04
Examine the following statements about the text 'Why Cheating Increased in the Pandemic and What to Do About it':
|. By skimming the text, we can verify that the main idea of the text is how negative emotions influence cheating in school settings.
Il. By scanning the text, we can verify that the sentence “when you're feeling besieged, doing the right thing is even harder than usual” is the main idea of the text.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
WHOSE HOME LANGUAGE MATTERS?
Recently in South Africa, | was with Sônia Nieto, a distinguished American scholar. A South African-Israeli, whom we had only just met socially, engaged her in conversation about language issues in the US. Taking her for a white, native speaker of English, he expressed the view that Spanish migrants in the US should not speak Spanish but English. If they live in the US, he told us, they should 'melt', no doubt referring to the metaphor of 'America' as the great 'melting pot' where anyone is supposed to be able to achieve the 'American dream' and become successful.
What he did not know is that Dr Nieto identifies herself as a Puerto Rican-American, her husband comes from Spain and members of her family are Spanish-English bilinguals. She is a qualified bilingual educator, who is known internationally for her work in bilingual and multicultural education. It was interesting to see this man come face to face with someone who both challenged: his taken-for-granted view of language as wellas his stereotype of Latinas.
Source: Adapted from 'Doing Critical Literacy: Texts and Actívíties for Students and Teachers, by Hilary Janks, Routledge, 2014.
Examine the following statements about the text 'Whose home language matters':
I. The title of the text refers to the idea that the English language is worthier than the Spanish language.
ll. The situation in the text contains irony since the man's ideas oppose the nature of the person he is speaking to.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
WHOSE HOME LANGUAGE MATTERS?
Recently in South Africa, | was with Sônia Nieto, a distinguished American scholar. A South African-Israeli, whom we had only just met socially, engaged her in conversation about language issues in the US. Taking her for a white, native speaker of English, he expressed the view that Spanish migrants in the US should not speak Spanish but English. If they live in the US, he told us, they should 'melt', no doubt referring to the metaphor of 'America' as the great 'melting pot' where anyone is supposed to be able to achieve the 'American dream' and become successful.
What he did not know is that Dr Nieto identifies herself as a Puerto Rican-American, her husband comes from Spain and members of her family are Spanish-English bilinguals. She is a qualified bilingual educator, who is known internationally for her work in bilingual and multicultural education. It was interesting to see this man come face to face with someone who both challenged: his taken-for-granted view of language as wellas his stereotype of Latinas.
Source: Adapted from 'Doing Critical Literacy: Texts and Actívíties for Students and Teachers, by Hilary Janks, Routledge, 2014.
Examine the following statements about the text 'Whose home language matters':?
I. The bilingual education mentioned in the text purposes one should learn two languages perfectly in order to succeed in different linguistic and cultural contexts, which supports the need for studying English from early school years, as it is in Brazil.
II. The Curriculum of Pernambuco agrees with the view of the South African-Israeli man when he says immigrants should "melt", since becoming used to other cultures and languages involves overcoming aspects of both.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
WHOSE HOME LANGUAGE MATTERS?
Recently in South Africa, | was with Sônia Nieto, a distinguished American scholar. A South African-Israeli, whom we had only just met socially, engaged her in conversation about language issues in the US. Taking her for a white, native speaker of English, he expressed the view that Spanish migrants in the US should not speak Spanish but English. If they live in the US, he told us, they should 'melt', no doubt referring to the metaphor of 'America' as the great 'melting pot' where anyone is supposed to be able to achieve the 'American dream' and become successful.
What he did not know is that Dr Nieto identifies herself as a Puerto Rican-American, her husband comes from Spain and members of her family are Spanish-English bilinguals. She is a qualified bilingual educator, who is known internationally for her work in bilingual and multicultural education. It was interesting to see this man come face to face with someone who both challenged: his taken-for-granted view of language as wellas his stereotype of Latinas.
Source: Adapted from 'Doing Critical Literacy: Texts and Actívíties for Students and Teachers, by Hilary Janks, Routledge, 2014.
Examine the following stratements about the text ‘Whose home language matters?':
I. In the sentence: 'A South African-Israeli, whom we had only Jjustmet socialy, engaged her in conversation about language issues in the US', the word in bold acts as the subject in the clause it introduces.
II. In the sentence: 'She is a qualified bilingual educator, who is known internationally for her work in bilingual and multicultural education’, the word in bold should be changed to 'whom'.
IlI. In the sentence: 'his taken-for-granted view of language as well as his stereotype of Latinas’, the idiom in bold can be changed to ‘imaginable’ since both have the same meaning.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
WHOSE HOME LANGUAGE MATTERS?
Recently in South Africa, | was with Sônia Nieto, a distinguished American scholar. A South African-Israeli, whom we had only just met socially, engaged her in conversation about language issues in the US. Taking her for a white, native speaker of English, he expressed the view that Spanish migrants in the US should not speak Spanish but English. If they live in the US, he told us, they should 'melt', no doubt referring to the metaphor of 'America' as the great 'melting pot' where anyone is supposed to be able to achieve the 'American dream' and become successful.
What he did not know is that Dr Nieto identifies herself as a Puerto Rican-American, her husband comes from Spain and members of her family are Spanish-English bilinguals. She is a qualified bilingual educator, who is known internationally for her work in bilingual and multicultural education. It was interesting to see this man come face to face with someone who both challenged: his taken-for-granted view of language as wellas his stereotype of Latinas.
Source: Adapted from 'Doing Critical Literacy: Texts and Actívíties for Students and Teachers, by Hilary Janks, Routledge, 2014.
Examina the following statements abput the text "Whose home language matters?":
l. The South African-Israeli man expressed his view of the need for migrants to learn English as a requisite to stay in the US because he thought Dr. Nieto was a white woman, not a Latina.
Il Dr. Nieto is likely to agree with the opinion of the South African-Israeli man, considering her studies on bilingual education.
lll. The South African-Israeli man believes Spanish migrants in the US can be more successful if they speak English as a second language.
Choose the CORRECT answer:
Sobre uma abordagem comunicativa no ensino de línguas, assinale a alternativa correta.
Choose the alternative where there is an odd word in the sequence.
Qual das alternativas a seguir apresenta sintaxe correta da língua inglesa padrão?
Leia o texto:
"The second planet from the sun has an atmosphere stifled by carbon dioxide gas, and surface temperatures that average more than 800 degrees Fahrenheit. The dense atmosphere of Venus exerts a pressure of more than 1,300 pounds per square inch on anything at the surface. That is more than 90 times the 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level on Earth, or the equivalent to being 3,000 feet underwater in the ocean. It is hardly a place that makes visiting or research easy."
Os números sublinhados se referem, respectivamente, a:
Leia o texto a seguir:
"Hurricane Ida hit New Orleans on Aug. 29, 2021, 16 years to the day after Hurricane Katrina flooded the city. Now, billions of dollars were invested in preventing the overflow. However, a strong similarity between Ida and Katrina still emerged: Low-income communities and communities of color remain at high risk from hurricanes."
Escolha a alternativa cuja pergunta não pode ser respondida após a leitura do excerto acima.
Read the following excerpt:
“Just as friends and loved ones were gathering to celebrate Thanksgiving and kick off the holiday season, a very unwelcome visitor showed up on the scene: omicron, a new variant of the virus that causes COVID-19. Scientists in South Africa reported the coronavirus variant early last week, and the World Health Organization named it a “variant of concern” days later.”
The underlined IT refers to:
Conheça nossos planos