Grande parte dos compostos orgânicos são formados por ligaçõ...
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Q1717454
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Grande parte dos compostos orgânicos são formados por ligações covalentes e podem sofrer ionização quando
colocados em água. O ácido acético, que confere ao vinagre o sabor azedo, sofre ionização ao ser adicionado à
água, liberando íons H+
na solução aquosa, deixando-a ácida. A quantidade de H+
liberada, determina a acidez da
substância através do valor da constante de ionização do ácido, Ka.
Os ácidos mostrados a seguir possuem valores aproximados de pKa de 4,76, 3,77, 1,29 e –0,25.![Imagem associada para resolução da questão](data:image/png;base64,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)
Assinale a alternativa que relaciona corretamente os valores de pKa com os ácidos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente:
Os ácidos mostrados a seguir possuem valores aproximados de pKa de 4,76, 3,77, 1,29 e –0,25.
Assinale a alternativa que relaciona corretamente os valores de pKa com os ácidos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente:
Sabendo que:
1) quanto menor for o PKa, mais forte será o ácido .
2) um Ácido forte forma uma base conjugada fraca.
3) a estabilidade da base é afetada pela eletronegatividade.
4) ordem de eletronegatividade: F, O, N, C.
Logo, o ácido formado com Fluor (F) será o mais eletronegativo, que formará uma base conjugada mais fraca (instável) e será o ácido mais forte.
A única opção que coloca o pKa mais baixo com o ácido que tem F será a correta.