Questões de Concurso
Foram encontradas 1.158 questões
Resolva questões gratuitamente!
Junte-se a mais de 4 milhões de concurseiros!
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323117
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the segment of paragraph 3 “becoming a top crude oil
producer globally”, the term top could be replaced, with no
change in meaning, by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323116
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the segment of paragraph 2 “By embedding
innovation earlier in the process, Guyana can skip
several steps and avoid what most economies went
through”, the term embedding could be replaced, with
no change in meaning, by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Técnica Legislativa (Manhã) |
Q2322842
Inglês
Texto associado
Complex societies and the growth of the law
Modern societies rely upon law as the primary mechanism to
control their development and manage their conflicts. Through
carefully designed rights and responsibilities, institutions and
procedures, law can enable humans to engage in increasingly
complex social and economic activities. Therefore, law plays an
important role in understanding how societies change. To explore
the interplay between law and society, we need to study how
both co-evolve over time. This requires a firm quantitative grasp
of the changes occurring in both domains. But while quantifying
societal change has been the subject of tremendous research
efforts in fields such as sociology, economics, or social physics for
many years, much less work has been done to quantify legal
change. In fact, legal scholars have traditionally regarded the law
as hardly quantifiable, and although there is no dearth of
empirical legal studies, it is only recently that researchers have
begun to apply data science methods to law. To date, there have
been relatively few quantitative works that explicitly address
legal change, and almost no scholarship exists that analyses the
time-evolving outputs of the legislative and executive branches of
national governments at scale. Unlocking these data sources for
the interdisciplinary scientific community will be crucial for
understanding how law and society interact.
Our work takes a step towards this goal. As a starting point,
we hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected
society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected
rules. Lawmakers create, modify, and delete legal rules to achieve
particular behavioural outcomes, often in an effort to respond to
perceived changes in societal needs. While earlier large-scale quantitative work focused on analysing an individual snapshot of
laws enacted by national parliaments, collections of snapshots
offer a window into the dynamic interaction between law and
society. Such collections represent complete, time-evolving
populations of statutes at the national level. Hence, no sampling
is needed for their analysis, and all changes we observe are direct
consequences of legislative activity. This feature makes
collections of nation-level statutes particularly suitable for
investigating temporal dynamics.
To preserve the intended multidimensionality of legal
document collections and explore how they change over time,
legislative corpora should be modelled as dynamic document
networks. In particular, since legal documents are carefully
organised and interlinked, their structure provides a more direct
window into their content and dynamics than their language:
Networks honour the deliberate design decisions made by the
document authors and circumvent some of the ambiguity
problems that natural language-based approaches inherently
face. In this paper, we therefore develop an informed data model
for legislative corpora, capturing the richness of legislative data
for exploration by social physics.
Adapted from Katz, D.M., Coupette, C., Beckedorf, J. et al. Complex societies and the
growth of the law. Sci Rep 10, 18737 (2020). Available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73623-x
“Hence” in “Hence, no sampling is needed for their analysis”
(1st paragraph) can be replaced without change in meaning by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Consultor Legislativo - Área I - Manhã |
Q2316205
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follows.
Text II
June 15, 2023 - Debates over Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) efforts are currently thriving, including debates over the degree to which corporate diversity efforts are valuable, whether chief diversity officers can succeed, and whether corporate diversity commitments can produce lasting change.
Over the past year, at least a dozen U.S. state legislatures have proposed or passed laws targeting DEI efforts, including laws aimed at limiting DEI roles and efforts in businesses and higher education and laws eliminating DEI spending, trainings, and statements at public institutions. Moreover, with the U.S. Supreme Court poised to address affirmative action in two cases involving the consideration of race in higher education admissions this summer, debates in the U.S. regarding DEI initiatives are likely far from over.
At the same time, DEI-related legal requirements continue to grow in other jurisdictions, and with global financial institutions facing expanding environmental, social, and governance (ESG)- related trends and regulations in the EU and other jurisdictions, as well as global expectations regarding their role in ESG, including DEI-related corporate developments and initiatives, these matters are likely to continue to work their way into capital allocations and the costs of doing business, as well as into the expectations of certain stakeholders.
This widening gap between global expectations and regulation regarding DEI-related matters and the concerns of some constituents in the U.S. over the role of DEI in corporate decision-making is likely to continue growing for the foreseeable future, putting companies between the proverbial rock and hard place.
What these developments make clear is that corporate DEI efforts are, and likely have been for some time, riskier than many companies may initially appreciate. And the risks associated with DEI initiatives are only positioned to grow and expand as companies look to thread the DEI needle and make a broader and potentially more divergent set of stakeholders happy, or at least less annoyed, with their DEI-related commitments and initiatives. In this article, we discuss the top four legal risks that companies often fail to address in their DEI efforts.
[…]
(From https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/diversity-matters-four-scarylegal-risks-hiding-your-dei-program-2023-06-15/)
The word “poised” in “with the U.S. Supreme Court poised to
address affirmative action” (2nd paragraph) is equivalent to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Assistente Social - Manhã |
Q2315589
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the Text II and answer the question that follow it.
Text II
Global plastic treaty should address chemicals
In March, the global community agreed to establish a legally
binding treaty to end plastic pollution. To deliver on this goal, the
treaty needs to cover all issues of plastics chemicals as an
inseparable part of the problem.
Plastics are complex materials consisting of chemical
mixtures, including polymers, additives, residual monomers and
processing aids, and non-intentionally added substances. Such
mixtures release across the plastics life cycle, from feedstock
extraction, production, and use, to reuse, recycling, and disposal;
they also recombine along complex, unplanned pathways. As a
result, humans and environments are ubiquitously exposed to
plastics chemicals, often with serious consequences.
Out of more than 10,000 known plastics chemicals, at least
2,400 are classified as toxic, such as many phthalates and
brominated flame retardants. Documented health effects span
generations and include premature births, low birth weight,
obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endometriosis,
infertility, and cancers. In the United States alone, associated
costs of endocrine-disrupting chemicals amount to USD$300
billion/year. The total burden on community, ecosystem health,
and biodiversity is far greater.
Even with material recycling, plastics chemicals ultimately
proliferate in the ecosystem, whether as emissions or by entering
new products, exposing waste-laborers, consumers, and frontline
communities to new chemical cocktails. An effective, fair, and
safe circular economy can only be achieved by phasing out toxic
chemicals from plastic production.
As negotiations for a global treaty begin, plastics chemicals
need to be front and center. However, preparatory meeting
documents focus on downstream plastic waste and work from a
narrow definition of chemicals as hazardous additives. To enable
the treaty to fully address plastics’ ecological, health, and
environmental justice problems, it is essential to redefine plastics
as complex chemical mixtures and to integrate chemical issues
across the life cycle within the scope and core obligations of the
legal instrument.
Adapted from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf5410.
When one opts for “phasing out toxic chemicals from plastic
production” (4th paragraph), this means the process is
Conheça nossos planos