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Read the text to answer question
The Use of Emerging Technologies in Teaching English as an Applied Language
Today’s digital age and its emerging technologies, with the latest achievements of artificial intelligence and big data processing, have unprecedently affected education processes and pedagogy, including the strategies and approaches related to foreign language (FL) teaching and learning. Present day graduates belong to Generation Z, who are known for being digitally literate, technologically savvy, and having grown up with digital tools. In addition, they are going to be soon followed by Generation Alpha, whose members are characterized as permanently connected and who are able to make their own decisions based on the use of technologies and also being able to manage their digital identities or visuals. Thus, the present day foreign language education should be technology-based since technology has become an integral part of the life of the current generation, and also, today’s language learning environment which is no longer solely constricted to the traditional or formal school learning environment. In this respect, foreign language teachers face a serious challenge in integrating different kinds of technologies into their teaching realities as they have to satisfy the learning needs of the two generations. However, in order to keep up with their digitally informed students and engage them in learning a foreign language, they must use recent technologies, such as chatbots or virtual reality. They also have to evaluate which of these technologies could generate some impact in their classes, analyze their potential, and utilize all of the benefits they bring. Moreover, they ought to assess the potential risks these technologies could pose.
In addition, the teachers must always consider the added value of the selected tools for the students’ learning and their learning outcomes, which is not an easy task as the research into the practical utilizations of digital technologies with clear pedagogical outcomes is, surprisingly, scarce. It must not be forgotten that FL teachers should also promote not only the students’ knowledge acquisition in various learning contexts, but they should also enhance the skills that appear to be crucial for the 21st century, such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, or collaboration skills. Moreover, to be able to motivate their students to use these technologies in FL learning, they themselves must have a positive attitude to their use in FL classrooms, as well as possess the relevant subject, technological, and pedagogical knowledge.
(Available on: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/1/42. Adapted.)
I. Teachers should have total command of technological tools in order to turn their employment reliable and worthwhile.
II. Current teaching of English as an applied language is always technology grounded.
III. Generations Z and Alpha partake the feature of being digitally literate.
Read the text to answer question
We real cool
(Gwendolyn Brooks.)
The Pool Players.
Seven at the Golden Shovel.
We real cool. We
Left school. We
Lurk late. We
Strike straight. We
Sing sin. We
Thin gin. We
Jazz June. We
Die soon.
(Available on: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/28112/we-real-cool.)
“We real cool” was issued in 1960, but it reveals very contemporary aspects though, EXCEPT:
Group 1: coal – festival – meal – litoral – petal – seal – vial – goal
Group 2: arrival – denial – refusal – burial – betrayal – approval – survival – referral
The teacher’s word choice had a didactic intention as he/she planned to ask questions aiming at guiding students’ observations and insights. Choose the item displaying the criterion that justifiesthe teacher’s word choice in both groups.
Read the text carefully to answer question.
It is the chosen shared language spoken between individuals with different first languages, sometimes referred to as “common languages” or “link languages”, usually pre-existing languages with a colonial history, which are learned by non-native speakers as a foreign language and then used as a way to communicate with other non-native speakers. It is typically considered a functional language used as a tool for communication, meaning it is usually independent of linguistic history and culture. For the past 20 or so years, linguists have been examining the norms and features of this language, and although there is much variety in communication, some shared characteristics, particularly in terms of word choice, grammar, and pronunciation, often appear.
(Avalaible on: https://www.studysmarter)
The above explanation matches:
Read the text to answer question.
There are three classes of e-bikes:
Class I – assistance when you pedal which stops when you reach 20 mph.
Class II – equipped with a throttle for a boost without pedaling, which stops assisting at 20 mph. Class I and Class II e-bikes can go anywhere you’d take a traditional bike, specifically, a flat surface like a bike path.
Class III – equipped with a speedometer and assists up to 28 mph. They are a popular choice for commuters.
There are also a few common e-bike styles, any of which may be within those three classes. Common styles include:
• Cruiser.
• Commuter.
• Mountain.
• Road.
Cruisers are great for a casual cruise around town. Commuter e-bikes are made with narrow tires and an upright design so you can comfortably get to work fast. Mountain e-bikes are for off-road adventurers. Road bikes are similar to cruisers and intended for pleasure riding on paved surfaces, but they have narrow tires and drop handlebars for fast riding. An e-bike can be used for anything you would use a regular bike for, whether you’re riding to work or having a good time. Most of the time, we see riders purchase e-bikes for one of three reasons: commuting, exercise, or recreation. From regular exercise to sensory stimulation to that feel-good factor you get from a great bike ride, there’s a lot to love about commuting to work on your bike. Studies have shown that cyclists are the happiest commuters. Small wonder, given that riding your bike to work each day lowers your risk of cardiovascular disease and certain cancers while giving you a significant cognitive function boost. E-bikes add that little extra oomph, allowing you to manage even the worst hills without batting an eye.
(Available on: https://flyridesusa.com/pages/ebike-guide-for-beginners.)
Texts types, also known as genres or text forms, refer to categories of texts with different purposes, each having a different
convention of style and structure. Being so, the purpose of the featured text is to:
Analyse the image to answer question.
(Available on: https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=17405.)
Analyse the image to answer question.
(Available on: https://br.pinterest.com/pin/english-teacher.)
Choose the option that answers the question: “Why is the teacher outraged?”
Analyse the set of sentences to answer question.
1. The police are trying to find the convict who fled jail.
2. Fred or Wilma clean the church windows every now and then.
3. All proceeds from the concert goes to the flood victims.
4. Neither Bob nor James is very congenial and caring with elders.
5. I wish it were Friday because everyone is so exhausted already.
6. If the fumigating guys don’t come soon, the mice is wrecking all wiring.
7. The politician, along with the newsmen, is supposed to come today.
8. It is necessary that he be here on time, or he’ll lose this job.
9. I wouldn’t buy such an expensive gadget if I were you.
10. A lot of useful information is available on the Internet.
Subject-verb agreement, also “subject-verb concord,” concerns to matching subject and verb in tense, aspect, and mood (abbreviated
TAM), which translates to number, person, and gender. The item that points out verb-subject agreement inconsistencies is:
Read the Text II and answer the question that follow it.
Text II
Read the Text II and answer the question that follow it.
Text II
Read the Text II and answer the question that follow it.
Text II
( ) Evidence that plastics chemicals and different illnesses are closely related is scanty.
( ) Chemical mixtures in plastics may take unforeseen directions.
( ) Forthcoming documents ought to revamp earlier definitions of plastics.
The statements are, respectively,
Read the Text I and answer the question that follow it.
Text I
Correspondence
Human genome editing: potential seeds of conflict
Recently, The Lancet published an important declaration regarding the necessity of regulating and legislating for human genome editing. We agree with their opinions that the human genome editing technology and resulting research can have both positive and negative effects on human society. The use of genome editing for research and commercial purposes has sparked debates in both biological and political realms. However, most of them have mainly focused on the effects of human genome editing on the patients themselves, and little attention has been paid to their offspring.
Several films, such as Gattaca and Gundam SEED, have addressed the conflicts that arise from human genome editing. Such conflicts not only exist within the generation who have experienced editing but are also transmitted to their offspring. For example, in these films, the offspring of people without genome editing felt a sense of unfairness regarding the inferiority of their physical (or other non-edited domains) status, whereas the offspring of people with genome editing grew up in a biased, discriminated against, and ostracized environment. They could have lived in peace with a strong and well regulated government; however, when the tenuous grip of government weakens, jealousy and resentment can lead to ruins. Although these scenes still exist in films, they might become increasingly plausible in decades to come. Using the concept of preparedness, access, countermeasures, tools, and trust, we should prepare legitimate human genome editing, establish access to deal with imminent or potential discrimination, develop countermeasures and tools for prevention and resolution of conflict, and entrust future generations with the responsibility to use them wisely.
Bing-Yan Zeng, Ping-Tao Tseng, *Chih-Sung Liang
Adapted from: www.thelancet.com, vol. 401, June 24, 2023 at
https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2823%2901084-X
Read the Text I and answer the question that follow it.
Text I
Correspondence
Human genome editing: potential seeds of conflict
Recently, The Lancet published an important declaration regarding the necessity of regulating and legislating for human genome editing. We agree with their opinions that the human genome editing technology and resulting research can have both positive and negative effects on human society. The use of genome editing for research and commercial purposes has sparked debates in both biological and political realms. However, most of them have mainly focused on the effects of human genome editing on the patients themselves, and little attention has been paid to their offspring.
Several films, such as Gattaca and Gundam SEED, have addressed the conflicts that arise from human genome editing. Such conflicts not only exist within the generation who have experienced editing but are also transmitted to their offspring. For example, in these films, the offspring of people without genome editing felt a sense of unfairness regarding the inferiority of their physical (or other non-edited domains) status, whereas the offspring of people with genome editing grew up in a biased, discriminated against, and ostracized environment. They could have lived in peace with a strong and well regulated government; however, when the tenuous grip of government weakens, jealousy and resentment can lead to ruins. Although these scenes still exist in films, they might become increasingly plausible in decades to come. Using the concept of preparedness, access, countermeasures, tools, and trust, we should prepare legitimate human genome editing, establish access to deal with imminent or potential discrimination, develop countermeasures and tools for prevention and resolution of conflict, and entrust future generations with the responsibility to use them wisely.
Bing-Yan Zeng, Ping-Tao Tseng, *Chih-Sung Liang
Adapted from: www.thelancet.com, vol. 401, June 24, 2023 at
https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2823%2901084-X
Mary is away. She’s been away _____ Wednesday.
Read the text and answer the following question.
Do you assess your students or do you just test them?
[01] Assessment, evaluation, measurement, grades, tests, marks and so on. Different words to talk about the same issue. But, should they be used as synonyms?
[02] There are some terms that we often use synonymously, but actually they are not. When you assess your students, regardless of whether you use a test or not, you evaluate all the information in order to measure it and grade them.
[03] Let´s make it clear:
-Assessment implies gathering information and observing progress. We can document attitudes, knowledge and skills.
-Evaluation is the organisation of the data obtained during the assessment; for instance, using grids, checklist or diaries.
-Measurement is the scale we decide to use in order to measure the evaluation. We measure by marks, ranks or scores, among others.
-Grade is the number obtained in the measurement.
-Testing is a measuring tool. We can use a test, an examination or a quiz to challenge the student´s ability or knowledge.
[04] If you really want to assess your students and make it an active part of their own learning, promoting autonomy and metacognition, they have to know, from the very beginning, about the assessment, evaluation and grading criteria, as well as about the examinations, if there are going to be some.
[05] Assessment should be a continuous process, gathering information in every lesson and getting to know our students more and more each day, both their personal and academic profile. In order to evaluate this data, we can use simple checklists, a classroom diary, grids or similar instruments, as well as the activities themselves.
[06] When dealing with all of these tools you have to think carefully about how you are going to measure the information and how you are going to award the final grade. Moreover, you have to weigh up the benefits of testing your students with one or more quizzes and examinations.
[07] As we all know, changes are possible, and in many cases necessary, in order to adapt your theory to the actual development of the lessons. Nevertheless, all these aspects should be planned and clear from the very beginning, both for you and for your students. It could also be interesting to make them clear to the families, for instance using a classroom blog in which you can publish your evaluation methods and criteria.
[08] This could be a general example:
[09] From this general proposal, we would develop a checklist with items relating to attitude: participation, collaboration, deadline accomplishment, attendance, and so on. This is a progressive assessment.
[10] The activities should be corrected using different tools, depending on their nature. For example, it is not the same correcting a writing or a speaking activity (we can create grids for those, alone or with our students) than correcting a grammar exercise or a listening one (we can correct them using more traditional measuring scales or we could use peer evaluation). We would have to make all those criteria clear to our students before using them.
[11] Quizzes can be used in order to prepare our students for the final examination. We can use new technologies in order to introduce them, with tools such as Kahoot, Mentimeter, Socrative or Google Forms, among many others. They can create their own quizzes and games, in groups or individually in order to challenge their classmates.
[12] The final examination could be made up of more than one paper, for instance, we could divide it in two, or even in more items, in order to give them the opportunity to practise and avoid risking their final grade on just one exam.
[13] Apart from the possibility of dividing the final examination in two parts, another option would be to divide it according to different skills, for example, on the one hand, a test having to do with grammar, vocabulary, reading and writing and, on the other hand, another having to do with speaking and listening. Flipgrid could be a very useful tool to carry out your oral examinations in a less stressful way.
[14] Before I finish, although we haven´t given specific solutions to the complex problem of assessment, I would like to sum up with some general tips about the issue: -Necessity of an objective and continuous assessment.
-Necessity of an objective and continuous assessment.
-Use a variety of evaluation tools, not only for the exams, but also for the process: different types of activities, exams and corrections, to respond to every single student. That will make it less subjective.
-Make the evaluation and marking criteria clear to your students. You can make them part of the process, for example creating grids or checklists together.
-Introduce peer evaluation and self-asessment.
-Be prepared to adapt your planning when necessary.
[15] And remember, try to point out the positive aspects of your students´ achievements, don´t give them only feedback about their weak points, tell them about their strong points too and try to be quick in giving them back their exercises or exams results, otherwise they will have completely forgotten what they have written.
[16] The more you get to know your students, the more accurate your assessments will be, enabling them to obtain higher marks in your evaluations, tests, activities or examinations.
(Available at: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/professional-development/teachers/assessinglearners/magazine/do-you-assess-your-students-or-do-you Access on September 08, 2023)
Paragraph 12.
“The final examination could be made up of more than one paper, for instance, we could divide it in two, or even in more items, in order to give them the opportunity to practise and avoid risking their final grade on just one exam.”
The option that contains the correct synonyms replaced is:
Read the text and answer the following question.
Do you assess your students or do you just test them?
[01] Assessment, evaluation, measurement, grades, tests, marks and so on. Different words to talk about the same issue. But, should they be used as synonyms?
[02] There are some terms that we often use synonymously, but actually they are not. When you assess your students, regardless of whether you use a test or not, you evaluate all the information in order to measure it and grade them.
[03] Let´s make it clear:
-Assessment implies gathering information and observing progress. We can document attitudes, knowledge and skills.
-Evaluation is the organisation of the data obtained during the assessment; for instance, using grids, checklist or diaries.
-Measurement is the scale we decide to use in order to measure the evaluation. We measure by marks, ranks or scores, among others.
-Grade is the number obtained in the measurement.
-Testing is a measuring tool. We can use a test, an examination or a quiz to challenge the student´s ability or knowledge.
[04] If you really want to assess your students and make it an active part of their own learning, promoting autonomy and metacognition, they have to know, from the very beginning, about the assessment, evaluation and grading criteria, as well as about the examinations, if there are going to be some.
[05] Assessment should be a continuous process, gathering information in every lesson and getting to know our students more and more each day, both their personal and academic profile. In order to evaluate this data, we can use simple checklists, a classroom diary, grids or similar instruments, as well as the activities themselves.
[06] When dealing with all of these tools you have to think carefully about how you are going to measure the information and how you are going to award the final grade. Moreover, you have to weigh up the benefits of testing your students with one or more quizzes and examinations.
[07] As we all know, changes are possible, and in many cases necessary, in order to adapt your theory to the actual development of the lessons. Nevertheless, all these aspects should be planned and clear from the very beginning, both for you and for your students. It could also be interesting to make them clear to the families, for instance using a classroom blog in which you can publish your evaluation methods and criteria.
[08] This could be a general example:
[09] From this general proposal, we would develop a checklist with items relating to attitude: participation, collaboration, deadline accomplishment, attendance, and so on. This is a progressive assessment.
[10] The activities should be corrected using different tools, depending on their nature. For example, it is not the same correcting a writing or a speaking activity (we can create grids for those, alone or with our students) than correcting a grammar exercise or a listening one (we can correct them using more traditional measuring scales or we could use peer evaluation). We would have to make all those criteria clear to our students before using them.
[11] Quizzes can be used in order to prepare our students for the final examination. We can use new technologies in order to introduce them, with tools such as Kahoot, Mentimeter, Socrative or Google Forms, among many others. They can create their own quizzes and games, in groups or individually in order to challenge their classmates.
[12] The final examination could be made up of more than one paper, for instance, we could divide it in two, or even in more items, in order to give them the opportunity to practise and avoid risking their final grade on just one exam.
[13] Apart from the possibility of dividing the final examination in two parts, another option would be to divide it according to different skills, for example, on the one hand, a test having to do with grammar, vocabulary, reading and writing and, on the other hand, another having to do with speaking and listening. Flipgrid could be a very useful tool to carry out your oral examinations in a less stressful way.
[14] Before I finish, although we haven´t given specific solutions to the complex problem of assessment, I would like to sum up with some general tips about the issue: -Necessity of an objective and continuous assessment.
-Necessity of an objective and continuous assessment.
-Use a variety of evaluation tools, not only for the exams, but also for the process: different types of activities, exams and corrections, to respond to every single student. That will make it less subjective.
-Make the evaluation and marking criteria clear to your students. You can make them part of the process, for example creating grids or checklists together.
-Introduce peer evaluation and self-asessment.
-Be prepared to adapt your planning when necessary.
[15] And remember, try to point out the positive aspects of your students´ achievements, don´t give them only feedback about their weak points, tell them about their strong points too and try to be quick in giving them back their exercises or exams results, otherwise they will have completely forgotten what they have written.
[16] The more you get to know your students, the more accurate your assessments will be, enabling them to obtain higher marks in your evaluations, tests, activities or examinations.
(Available at: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/professional-development/teachers/assessinglearners/magazine/do-you-assess-your-students-or-do-you Access on September 08, 2023)
Paragraph 15.
“[...]And remember, try to point out the positive aspects of your students´ achievements [...]”
The term POINT (verb) + OUT (preposition) is a/na:
Read the text and answer the following question.
Do you assess your students or do you just test them?
[01] Assessment, evaluation, measurement, grades, tests, marks and so on. Different words to talk about the same issue. But, should they be used as synonyms?
[02] There are some terms that we often use synonymously, but actually they are not. When you assess your students, regardless of whether you use a test or not, you evaluate all the information in order to measure it and grade them.
[03] Let´s make it clear:
-Assessment implies gathering information and observing progress. We can document attitudes, knowledge and skills.
-Evaluation is the organisation of the data obtained during the assessment; for instance, using grids, checklist or diaries.
-Measurement is the scale we decide to use in order to measure the evaluation. We measure by marks, ranks or scores, among others.
-Grade is the number obtained in the measurement.
-Testing is a measuring tool. We can use a test, an examination or a quiz to challenge the student´s ability or knowledge.
[04] If you really want to assess your students and make it an active part of their own learning, promoting autonomy and metacognition, they have to know, from the very beginning, about the assessment, evaluation and grading criteria, as well as about the examinations, if there are going to be some.
[05] Assessment should be a continuous process, gathering information in every lesson and getting to know our students more and more each day, both their personal and academic profile. In order to evaluate this data, we can use simple checklists, a classroom diary, grids or similar instruments, as well as the activities themselves.
[06] When dealing with all of these tools you have to think carefully about how you are going to measure the information and how you are going to award the final grade. Moreover, you have to weigh up the benefits of testing your students with one or more quizzes and examinations.
[07] As we all know, changes are possible, and in many cases necessary, in order to adapt your theory to the actual development of the lessons. Nevertheless, all these aspects should be planned and clear from the very beginning, both for you and for your students. It could also be interesting to make them clear to the families, for instance using a classroom blog in which you can publish your evaluation methods and criteria.
[08] This could be a general example:
[09] From this general proposal, we would develop a checklist with items relating to attitude: participation, collaboration, deadline accomplishment, attendance, and so on. This is a progressive assessment.
[10] The activities should be corrected using different tools, depending on their nature. For example, it is not the same correcting a writing or a speaking activity (we can create grids for those, alone or with our students) than correcting a grammar exercise or a listening one (we can correct them using more traditional measuring scales or we could use peer evaluation). We would have to make all those criteria clear to our students before using them.
[11] Quizzes can be used in order to prepare our students for the final examination. We can use new technologies in order to introduce them, with tools such as Kahoot, Mentimeter, Socrative or Google Forms, among many others. They can create their own quizzes and games, in groups or individually in order to challenge their classmates.
[12] The final examination could be made up of more than one paper, for instance, we could divide it in two, or even in more items, in order to give them the opportunity to practise and avoid risking their final grade on just one exam.
[13] Apart from the possibility of dividing the final examination in two parts, another option would be to divide it according to different skills, for example, on the one hand, a test having to do with grammar, vocabulary, reading and writing and, on the other hand, another having to do with speaking and listening. Flipgrid could be a very useful tool to carry out your oral examinations in a less stressful way.
[14] Before I finish, although we haven´t given specific solutions to the complex problem of assessment, I would like to sum up with some general tips about the issue: -Necessity of an objective and continuous assessment.
-Necessity of an objective and continuous assessment.
-Use a variety of evaluation tools, not only for the exams, but also for the process: different types of activities, exams and corrections, to respond to every single student. That will make it less subjective.
-Make the evaluation and marking criteria clear to your students. You can make them part of the process, for example creating grids or checklists together.
-Introduce peer evaluation and self-asessment.
-Be prepared to adapt your planning when necessary.
[15] And remember, try to point out the positive aspects of your students´ achievements, don´t give them only feedback about their weak points, tell them about their strong points too and try to be quick in giving them back their exercises or exams results, otherwise they will have completely forgotten what they have written.
[16] The more you get to know your students, the more accurate your assessments will be, enabling them to obtain higher marks in your evaluations, tests, activities or examinations.
(Available at: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/professional-development/teachers/assessinglearners/magazine/do-you-assess-your-students-or-do-you Access on September 08, 2023)
Paragraph 14.
The passage below presents a _____________ tense structure.
“[...] we haven´t given specific solutions to the complex problem of assessment[...]”
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