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THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
The underlined word in “Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures”, introduces something that is
THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
The example given in the 4th paragraph supports the idea that successful cross-cultural communication depends on understanding interlocutors’
THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
The author implies that the referential meaning of speaker’s propositions is signaled by
THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
According to the text A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings, human communication
Text II
How To Start A Career In The Oil And Gas Industry: What Employers Say
By Katie Weir
From Talent Acquisition Specialist, Campus
Talisman Energy
How to start your career, step by step
Fix up your resumé – take it to your career
centre at your university and they’ll help you.
Write a compelling cover letter that speaks to
your best qualities – save the pretentious language
5 for your English papers.
Join a professional association and attend
their events – if you feel uncomfortable attending
alone, try volunteering at them. By having a job to do,
it gives you an excuse to interact with the attendees,
10and an easy way to start up a conversation the next
time you see them.
Do your research – I can’t stress this enough. I
want students to apply to Talisman, not because we
have open jobs, but because they actually have an
15interest in what we’re doing, and want to be a part of it.
Be confident, but stay humble – it’s important
to communicate your abilities effectively, but it’s also
important to be conscious of the phrase: “sense of
entitlement.” This generation entering the workforce
20has already been branded with the word “entitlement,”
so students will need to fight against this bias from the
very beginning of any relationship with people in the
industry – be aware that you will need to roll up your
sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and
25you will be rewarded in the end.
Retrieved and adapted from URL: <http://talentegg.ca/incubator/2010/11/29/how-to-start-a-career-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry-what-employers-say/>. Acess on: February 14, 2012.
Text I
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell
From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
5 choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
10 Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
15 Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
20 Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
25 Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
30 graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
35 O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
40 the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
45 to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
50 an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
55 generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
60 have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
65 activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
70 modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
75 day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
80 sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
85evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
90 documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012.
Concerning Texts I and II, it is possible to affirm that
Text II
How To Start A Career In The Oil And Gas Industry: What Employers Say
By Katie Weir
From Talent Acquisition Specialist, Campus
Talisman Energy
How to start your career, step by step
Fix up your resumé – take it to your career
centre at your university and they’ll help you.
Write a compelling cover letter that speaks to
your best qualities – save the pretentious language
5 for your English papers.
Join a professional association and attend
their events – if you feel uncomfortable attending
alone, try volunteering at them. By having a job to do,
it gives you an excuse to interact with the attendees,
10and an easy way to start up a conversation the next
time you see them.
Do your research – I can’t stress this enough. I
want students to apply to Talisman, not because we
have open jobs, but because they actually have an
15interest in what we’re doing, and want to be a part of it.
Be confident, but stay humble – it’s important
to communicate your abilities effectively, but it’s also
important to be conscious of the phrase: “sense of
entitlement.” This generation entering the workforce
20has already been branded with the word “entitlement,”
so students will need to fight against this bias from the
very beginning of any relationship with people in the
industry – be aware that you will need to roll up your
sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and
25you will be rewarded in the end.
Retrieved and adapted from URL: <http://talentegg.ca/incubator/2010/11/29/how-to-start-a-career-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry-what-employers-say/>. Acess on: February 14, 2012.
The fragment that closes Text II, “be aware that you will need to roll up your sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and you will be rewarded in the end.” (lines 23-25), implies that one must
Text II
How To Start A Career In The Oil And Gas Industry: What Employers Say
By Katie Weir
From Talent Acquisition Specialist, Campus
Talisman Energy
How to start your career, step by step
Fix up your resumé – take it to your career
centre at your university and they’ll help you.
Write a compelling cover letter that speaks to
your best qualities – save the pretentious language
5 for your English papers.
Join a professional association and attend
their events – if you feel uncomfortable attending
alone, try volunteering at them. By having a job to do,
it gives you an excuse to interact with the attendees,
10and an easy way to start up a conversation the next
time you see them.
Do your research – I can’t stress this enough. I
want students to apply to Talisman, not because we
have open jobs, but because they actually have an
15interest in what we’re doing, and want to be a part of it.
Be confident, but stay humble – it’s important
to communicate your abilities effectively, but it’s also
important to be conscious of the phrase: “sense of
entitlement.” This generation entering the workforce
20has already been branded with the word “entitlement,”
so students will need to fight against this bias from the
very beginning of any relationship with people in the
industry – be aware that you will need to roll up your
sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and
25you will be rewarded in the end.
Retrieved and adapted from URL: <http://talentegg.ca/incubator/2010/11/29/how-to-start-a-career-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry-what-employers-say/>. Acess on: February 14, 2012.
The main purpose of Text II is to
Text I
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell
From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
5 choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
10Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
15Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
20Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
25Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
30graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
35O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
40the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
45to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
50an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
55generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
60have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
65activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
70modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
75day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
80sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
85evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
90documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012.
The only fragment from Text I that presents a series of actions exclusively performed in the past is
Text I
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell
From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
5 choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
10Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
15Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
20Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
25Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
30graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
35O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
40the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
45to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
50an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
55generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
60have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
65activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
70modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
75day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
80sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
85evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
90documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012.
In Text I, the expression “turn down” in “I couldn’t turn down the great starting salary and a chance to live in New Orleans” (lines 12-14) could be replaced, without change in meaning, by
Text I
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell
From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
5 choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
10Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
15Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
20Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
25Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
30graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
35O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
40the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
45to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
50an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
55generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
60have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
65activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
70modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
75day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
80sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
85evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
90documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012.
The sentence, in Text I, in which the boldfaced expression introduces an idea of addition is
Text I
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell
From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
5 choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
10Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
15Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
20Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
25Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
30graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
35O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
40the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
45to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
50an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
55generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
60have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
65activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
70modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
75day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
80sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
85evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
90documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012.
Based on the meanings of the words in Text I,
Text I
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell
From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
5 choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
10Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
15Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
20Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
25Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
30graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
35O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
40the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
45to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
50an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
55generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
60have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
65activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
70modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
75day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
80sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
85evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
90documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012.
In Text I, according to the answers to the third question in the interview,
Text I
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell
From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
5 choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
10Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
15Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
20Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
25Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
30graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
35O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
40the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
45to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
50an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
55generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
60have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
65activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
70modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
75day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
80sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
85evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
90documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012.
In Text I, using the interviewees’ experience, it can be said that getting a job in the O&G industry can result from all the following situations, EXCEPT
Text I
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell
From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
5 choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
10Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
15Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
20Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
25Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
30graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
35O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
40the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
45to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
50an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
55generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
60have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
65activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
70modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
75day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
80sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
85evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
90documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012.
According to Text I, when asked about their choice of the oil and gas industry,
A correct correspondence between pronoun and referent is expressed in
“Although” (line 3) introduces an idea of contrast. The idea introduced by the discourse marker is correctly stated in
In “This is helping to drive up global soy prices,” (lines 33-34), “drive up” (line 33) could be replaced by
What makes Scharlemann and Laurance’s method innovative (Paragraph 3) is that it
The main purpose of the article is to
Viva La Revolución Energética
Laurie Guevara-Stone Courtesy Mario Alberto Arriastía Avila
Alternatives Journal 34:6 2008
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