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Q1790320 Inglês
TEXT:

After so long a pause that Marcia felt sure whoever it was must have gone away, the front doorbell rang again, a courteously brief ‘still waiting.’
It would be a neighbor child on the way home from school with a handful of basketball tickets. Or an agent tardily taking orders for cheap and gaudy Christmas cards.
The trip down to the door would be laborious. Doctor Bowen had wanted her to avoid the stairs as much as possible from now on. But the diffident summons sounded very plaintive in its competition with the savage swish of sleet against the windows.
Raising herself heavily on her elbows, Marcia tried to squeeze a prompt decision out of her tousled blonde head with the tips of slim fingers. The mirror of the vanity table ventured a comforting comment on the girlish cornflower fringe that Paul always said brought out the blue in her eyes. She pressed her palms hard on the yellow curls, debating whether to make the effort. In any event she would have to go down soon, for the luncheon table was standing exactly as they had left it, and Paul would be returning in half an hour.
Edging clumsily to the side of the bed, she sat up, momentarily swept with vertigo, and fumbled with her stockinged toes for the shapeless slippers in which she had awkwardly paddled about through two previous campaigns in behalf of humanity’s perpetuity. When done with them, this time, Marcia expected to throw the slippers away.
Roberta eagerly reached up both chubby arms and bounced ecstatically at the approach of the outstretched hands. Wellie scrambled up out of his blocks and detonated an ominously sloppy sneeze.
Marcia said “Please don’t tell me you’ve been taking cold again.”
Wellie denied the accusation with a vigorous shake of his head, whooped hoarsely, and began slowly pacing the intermittent clatter of their procession down he dingy stairway, the flat of his small hand squeaking on the cold rail of the ugly yellow banister.
The bulky figure of a woman was silhouetted on the frosted glass panels of the street door. Wellie, with a wobbly index finger in his nose, halted to reconnoiter as they neared the bottom of the stairs, and his mother gave him a gentle push forward. They were in the front hall now, Marcia irresolutely considering whether to brave the blizzard. Wallie decided this matter by inquiring who it was in a penetrating treble, reinforcing his desire to know by twisting the knob with ineffective hands. Marcia shifted Roberta into the crook of her other arm and opened the door to a breath-taking swirl of stinging snow, the first real storm of the season. 
DOUGLAS, Lloyd C. White Banners. New York: P. F. Collier &
Son Corporation, 1936.

When the narrator of the text says that the doctor had advised against the stairs, the understanding is that

Alternativas
Q1790319 Inglês
TEXT:

After so long a pause that Marcia felt sure whoever it was must have gone away, the front doorbell rang again, a courteously brief ‘still waiting.’
It would be a neighbor child on the way home from school with a handful of basketball tickets. Or an agent tardily taking orders for cheap and gaudy Christmas cards.
The trip down to the door would be laborious. Doctor Bowen had wanted her to avoid the stairs as much as possible from now on. But the diffident summons sounded very plaintive in its competition with the savage swish of sleet against the windows.
Raising herself heavily on her elbows, Marcia tried to squeeze a prompt decision out of her tousled blonde head with the tips of slim fingers. The mirror of the vanity table ventured a comforting comment on the girlish cornflower fringe that Paul always said brought out the blue in her eyes. She pressed her palms hard on the yellow curls, debating whether to make the effort. In any event she would have to go down soon, for the luncheon table was standing exactly as they had left it, and Paul would be returning in half an hour.
Edging clumsily to the side of the bed, she sat up, momentarily swept with vertigo, and fumbled with her stockinged toes for the shapeless slippers in which she had awkwardly paddled about through two previous campaigns in behalf of humanity’s perpetuity. When done with them, this time, Marcia expected to throw the slippers away.
Roberta eagerly reached up both chubby arms and bounced ecstatically at the approach of the outstretched hands. Wellie scrambled up out of his blocks and detonated an ominously sloppy sneeze.
Marcia said “Please don’t tell me you’ve been taking cold again.”
Wellie denied the accusation with a vigorous shake of his head, whooped hoarsely, and began slowly pacing the intermittent clatter of their procession down he dingy stairway, the flat of his small hand squeaking on the cold rail of the ugly yellow banister.
The bulky figure of a woman was silhouetted on the frosted glass panels of the street door. Wellie, with a wobbly index finger in his nose, halted to reconnoiter as they neared the bottom of the stairs, and his mother gave him a gentle push forward. They were in the front hall now, Marcia irresolutely considering whether to brave the blizzard. Wallie decided this matter by inquiring who it was in a penetrating treble, reinforcing his desire to know by twisting the knob with ineffective hands. Marcia shifted Roberta into the crook of her other arm and opened the door to a breath-taking swirl of stinging snow, the first real storm of the season. 
DOUGLAS, Lloyd C. White Banners. New York: P. F. Collier &
Son Corporation, 1936.
After the second ring of the doorbell, Marcia
Alternativas
Q1790318 Inglês
TEXT :
Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Dr. Janet Swaffar, Reading Module Instructor
Definitions of Reading
Among the many definitions of reading that have arisen in recent decades, three prominent ideas emerge as most critical for understanding what “learning to read” means:

• Reading is a process undertaken to reduce uncertainty about meanings a text conveys.
• The process results from a negotiation of meaning between the text and its reader.
• The knowledge, expectations, and strategies a reader uses to uncover textual meaning all play decisive roles way the reader negotiates with the text’s meaning.
Reading does not draw on one kind of cognitive skill, nor does it have a straightforward outcome — most texts are understood in different ways by different readers.

Background Knowledge
For foreign language learners to read, they have to be prepared to use various abilities and strategies they already possess from their reading experiences in their native language. They will need the knowledge they possess to help orient themselves in the many dimensions of language implicated in any text. Researchers have established that the act of reading is a non-linear process that is recursive and context-dependent. Readers tend to jump ahead or go back to different segments of the text, depending on what they are reading to find out.
Goals
Asking a learner to “read” a text requires that teachers specify a reading goal. One minimal goal is to ask the learner to find particular grammatical constructions or to identify words that relate to particular features or topics of the reading. But such goals are always only partial. For example, a text also reveals a lot about the readers for which it is written and a lot about subject matter that foreign language learners may or may not know or anticipate.
A Holistic Approach to Reading
The curriculum described here is called a holistic curriculum, following Miller (1996). Holistic education is concerned with connections in human experience – connections between mind and body, between linear thinking and intuitive ways of knowing, between academic disciplines, between the individual and the community.
A holistic curriculum emphasizes how the parts of a whole relate to each other to form the whole. From this perspective, reading relates to speaking, writing, listening comprehension, and culture.
Pedagogical Stages of Reading
Ideally, each text used in such a curriculum should be pedagogically staged so that learners approach it by moving from pre-reading, through initial reading, and into rereading. This sequence carefully moves the learner from comprehension tasks to production tasks. In addition, these tasks should build upon each other in terms of increasing cognitive difficulty.

Pre-Reading: The initial levels of learning, as described in Bloom’s Taxonomy, involve recognizing and comprehending features of a text. As proposed here, pre-reading tasks involve speaking, reading, and listening.
Initial Reading: Initial reading tasks orient the learner to the text and activate the cognitive resources that are associated with the learner’s own expectations. For example, discussions of genres and stereotypes may help the learner to identify potential reading difficulties and to strategize ways to overcome these challenges. Simple oral and written reproduction tasks should precede more complex production tasks that call for considering creative thinking about several issues at the same time.
Rereading:In rereading, the learner is encouraged to engage in active L2 production such as verbal or written analysis and argumentation. These activities require longer and more complex discourse. At this point, the language learner’s critical thinking needs to interact with their general knowledge. Ideally, cultural context and the individual foreign language learner’s own identity emerge as central to all acts of production.
Available at: <https://coerll.utexas.edu>.
Acessed on: August 8th, 2018.
According to the text, in order to lead the learner from the reading stage into the task of production,
Alternativas
Q1790317 Inglês
TEXT :
Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Dr. Janet Swaffar, Reading Module Instructor
Definitions of Reading
Among the many definitions of reading that have arisen in recent decades, three prominent ideas emerge as most critical for understanding what “learning to read” means:

• Reading is a process undertaken to reduce uncertainty about meanings a text conveys.
• The process results from a negotiation of meaning between the text and its reader.
• The knowledge, expectations, and strategies a reader uses to uncover textual meaning all play decisive roles way the reader negotiates with the text’s meaning.
Reading does not draw on one kind of cognitive skill, nor does it have a straightforward outcome — most texts are understood in different ways by different readers.

Background Knowledge
For foreign language learners to read, they have to be prepared to use various abilities and strategies they already possess from their reading experiences in their native language. They will need the knowledge they possess to help orient themselves in the many dimensions of language implicated in any text. Researchers have established that the act of reading is a non-linear process that is recursive and context-dependent. Readers tend to jump ahead or go back to different segments of the text, depending on what they are reading to find out.
Goals
Asking a learner to “read” a text requires that teachers specify a reading goal. One minimal goal is to ask the learner to find particular grammatical constructions or to identify words that relate to particular features or topics of the reading. But such goals are always only partial. For example, a text also reveals a lot about the readers for which it is written and a lot about subject matter that foreign language learners may or may not know or anticipate.
A Holistic Approach to Reading
The curriculum described here is called a holistic curriculum, following Miller (1996). Holistic education is concerned with connections in human experience – connections between mind and body, between linear thinking and intuitive ways of knowing, between academic disciplines, between the individual and the community.
A holistic curriculum emphasizes how the parts of a whole relate to each other to form the whole. From this perspective, reading relates to speaking, writing, listening comprehension, and culture.
Pedagogical Stages of Reading
Ideally, each text used in such a curriculum should be pedagogically staged so that learners approach it by moving from pre-reading, through initial reading, and into rereading. This sequence carefully moves the learner from comprehension tasks to production tasks. In addition, these tasks should build upon each other in terms of increasing cognitive difficulty.

Pre-Reading: The initial levels of learning, as described in Bloom’s Taxonomy, involve recognizing and comprehending features of a text. As proposed here, pre-reading tasks involve speaking, reading, and listening.
Initial Reading: Initial reading tasks orient the learner to the text and activate the cognitive resources that are associated with the learner’s own expectations. For example, discussions of genres and stereotypes may help the learner to identify potential reading difficulties and to strategize ways to overcome these challenges. Simple oral and written reproduction tasks should precede more complex production tasks that call for considering creative thinking about several issues at the same time.
Rereading:In rereading, the learner is encouraged to engage in active L2 production such as verbal or written analysis and argumentation. These activities require longer and more complex discourse. At this point, the language learner’s critical thinking needs to interact with their general knowledge. Ideally, cultural context and the individual foreign language learner’s own identity emerge as central to all acts of production.
Available at: <https://coerll.utexas.edu>.
Acessed on: August 8th, 2018.
According to the text, a holistic education does not include connections between
Alternativas
Q1790316 Inglês
TEXT :
Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Dr. Janet Swaffar, Reading Module Instructor
Definitions of Reading
Among the many definitions of reading that have arisen in recent decades, three prominent ideas emerge as most critical for understanding what “learning to read” means:

• Reading is a process undertaken to reduce uncertainty about meanings a text conveys.
• The process results from a negotiation of meaning between the text and its reader.
• The knowledge, expectations, and strategies a reader uses to uncover textual meaning all play decisive roles way the reader negotiates with the text’s meaning.
Reading does not draw on one kind of cognitive skill, nor does it have a straightforward outcome — most texts are understood in different ways by different readers.

Background Knowledge
For foreign language learners to read, they have to be prepared to use various abilities and strategies they already possess from their reading experiences in their native language. They will need the knowledge they possess to help orient themselves in the many dimensions of language implicated in any text. Researchers have established that the act of reading is a non-linear process that is recursive and context-dependent. Readers tend to jump ahead or go back to different segments of the text, depending on what they are reading to find out.
Goals
Asking a learner to “read” a text requires that teachers specify a reading goal. One minimal goal is to ask the learner to find particular grammatical constructions or to identify words that relate to particular features or topics of the reading. But such goals are always only partial. For example, a text also reveals a lot about the readers for which it is written and a lot about subject matter that foreign language learners may or may not know or anticipate.
A Holistic Approach to Reading
The curriculum described here is called a holistic curriculum, following Miller (1996). Holistic education is concerned with connections in human experience – connections between mind and body, between linear thinking and intuitive ways of knowing, between academic disciplines, between the individual and the community.
A holistic curriculum emphasizes how the parts of a whole relate to each other to form the whole. From this perspective, reading relates to speaking, writing, listening comprehension, and culture.
Pedagogical Stages of Reading
Ideally, each text used in such a curriculum should be pedagogically staged so that learners approach it by moving from pre-reading, through initial reading, and into rereading. This sequence carefully moves the learner from comprehension tasks to production tasks. In addition, these tasks should build upon each other in terms of increasing cognitive difficulty.

Pre-Reading: The initial levels of learning, as described in Bloom’s Taxonomy, involve recognizing and comprehending features of a text. As proposed here, pre-reading tasks involve speaking, reading, and listening.
Initial Reading: Initial reading tasks orient the learner to the text and activate the cognitive resources that are associated with the learner’s own expectations. For example, discussions of genres and stereotypes may help the learner to identify potential reading difficulties and to strategize ways to overcome these challenges. Simple oral and written reproduction tasks should precede more complex production tasks that call for considering creative thinking about several issues at the same time.
Rereading:In rereading, the learner is encouraged to engage in active L2 production such as verbal or written analysis and argumentation. These activities require longer and more complex discourse. At this point, the language learner’s critical thinking needs to interact with their general knowledge. Ideally, cultural context and the individual foreign language learner’s own identity emerge as central to all acts of production.
Available at: <https://coerll.utexas.edu>.
Acessed on: August 8th, 2018.
The text advises that a teacher should
Alternativas
Q1790315 Inglês
TEXT :
Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Dr. Janet Swaffar, Reading Module Instructor
Definitions of Reading
Among the many definitions of reading that have arisen in recent decades, three prominent ideas emerge as most critical for understanding what “learning to read” means:

• Reading is a process undertaken to reduce uncertainty about meanings a text conveys.
• The process results from a negotiation of meaning between the text and its reader.
• The knowledge, expectations, and strategies a reader uses to uncover textual meaning all play decisive roles way the reader negotiates with the text’s meaning.
Reading does not draw on one kind of cognitive skill, nor does it have a straightforward outcome — most texts are understood in different ways by different readers.

Background Knowledge
For foreign language learners to read, they have to be prepared to use various abilities and strategies they already possess from their reading experiences in their native language. They will need the knowledge they possess to help orient themselves in the many dimensions of language implicated in any text. Researchers have established that the act of reading is a non-linear process that is recursive and context-dependent. Readers tend to jump ahead or go back to different segments of the text, depending on what they are reading to find out.
Goals
Asking a learner to “read” a text requires that teachers specify a reading goal. One minimal goal is to ask the learner to find particular grammatical constructions or to identify words that relate to particular features or topics of the reading. But such goals are always only partial. For example, a text also reveals a lot about the readers for which it is written and a lot about subject matter that foreign language learners may or may not know or anticipate.
A Holistic Approach to Reading
The curriculum described here is called a holistic curriculum, following Miller (1996). Holistic education is concerned with connections in human experience – connections between mind and body, between linear thinking and intuitive ways of knowing, between academic disciplines, between the individual and the community.
A holistic curriculum emphasizes how the parts of a whole relate to each other to form the whole. From this perspective, reading relates to speaking, writing, listening comprehension, and culture.
Pedagogical Stages of Reading
Ideally, each text used in such a curriculum should be pedagogically staged so that learners approach it by moving from pre-reading, through initial reading, and into rereading. This sequence carefully moves the learner from comprehension tasks to production tasks. In addition, these tasks should build upon each other in terms of increasing cognitive difficulty.

Pre-Reading: The initial levels of learning, as described in Bloom’s Taxonomy, involve recognizing and comprehending features of a text. As proposed here, pre-reading tasks involve speaking, reading, and listening.
Initial Reading: Initial reading tasks orient the learner to the text and activate the cognitive resources that are associated with the learner’s own expectations. For example, discussions of genres and stereotypes may help the learner to identify potential reading difficulties and to strategize ways to overcome these challenges. Simple oral and written reproduction tasks should precede more complex production tasks that call for considering creative thinking about several issues at the same time.
Rereading:In rereading, the learner is encouraged to engage in active L2 production such as verbal or written analysis and argumentation. These activities require longer and more complex discourse. At this point, the language learner’s critical thinking needs to interact with their general knowledge. Ideally, cultural context and the individual foreign language learner’s own identity emerge as central to all acts of production.
Available at: <https://coerll.utexas.edu>.
Acessed on: August 8th, 2018.
The text is very specific when dealing with foreign language learners. It says they
Alternativas
Q1790314 Inglês
TEXT :
Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Dr. Janet Swaffar, Reading Module Instructor
Definitions of Reading
Among the many definitions of reading that have arisen in recent decades, three prominent ideas emerge as most critical for understanding what “learning to read” means:

• Reading is a process undertaken to reduce uncertainty about meanings a text conveys.
• The process results from a negotiation of meaning between the text and its reader.
• The knowledge, expectations, and strategies a reader uses to uncover textual meaning all play decisive roles way the reader negotiates with the text’s meaning.
Reading does not draw on one kind of cognitive skill, nor does it have a straightforward outcome — most texts are understood in different ways by different readers.

Background Knowledge
For foreign language learners to read, they have to be prepared to use various abilities and strategies they already possess from their reading experiences in their native language. They will need the knowledge they possess to help orient themselves in the many dimensions of language implicated in any text. Researchers have established that the act of reading is a non-linear process that is recursive and context-dependent. Readers tend to jump ahead or go back to different segments of the text, depending on what they are reading to find out.
Goals
Asking a learner to “read” a text requires that teachers specify a reading goal. One minimal goal is to ask the learner to find particular grammatical constructions or to identify words that relate to particular features or topics of the reading. But such goals are always only partial. For example, a text also reveals a lot about the readers for which it is written and a lot about subject matter that foreign language learners may or may not know or anticipate.
A Holistic Approach to Reading
The curriculum described here is called a holistic curriculum, following Miller (1996). Holistic education is concerned with connections in human experience – connections between mind and body, between linear thinking and intuitive ways of knowing, between academic disciplines, between the individual and the community.
A holistic curriculum emphasizes how the parts of a whole relate to each other to form the whole. From this perspective, reading relates to speaking, writing, listening comprehension, and culture.
Pedagogical Stages of Reading
Ideally, each text used in such a curriculum should be pedagogically staged so that learners approach it by moving from pre-reading, through initial reading, and into rereading. This sequence carefully moves the learner from comprehension tasks to production tasks. In addition, these tasks should build upon each other in terms of increasing cognitive difficulty.

Pre-Reading: The initial levels of learning, as described in Bloom’s Taxonomy, involve recognizing and comprehending features of a text. As proposed here, pre-reading tasks involve speaking, reading, and listening.
Initial Reading: Initial reading tasks orient the learner to the text and activate the cognitive resources that are associated with the learner’s own expectations. For example, discussions of genres and stereotypes may help the learner to identify potential reading difficulties and to strategize ways to overcome these challenges. Simple oral and written reproduction tasks should precede more complex production tasks that call for considering creative thinking about several issues at the same time.
Rereading:In rereading, the learner is encouraged to engage in active L2 production such as verbal or written analysis and argumentation. These activities require longer and more complex discourse. At this point, the language learner’s critical thinking needs to interact with their general knowledge. Ideally, cultural context and the individual foreign language learner’s own identity emerge as central to all acts of production.
Available at: <https://coerll.utexas.edu>.
Acessed on: August 8th, 2018.
According to the text, reading is a process that
Alternativas
Q1789883 Física

Um objeto se move segundo o gráfico velocidade X tempo descrito a seguir.

Imagem associada para resolução da questão

De acordo com o gráfico é correto afirmar que esse objeto desenvolveu um movimento

Alternativas
Q1789880 Física
Um gás ideal passa pelas transformações I, II, III e IV, voltando ao estado inicial de volume 0,01 m3 e temperatura de 200 K, como representado no diagrama volume X temperatura a seguir. Imagem associada para resolução da questão
De acordo com o diagrama, é correto afirmar que durante o processo
Alternativas
Q1789873 Sociologia
Em meados do século XIX, Karl Marx (1818-1883), afastando-se da filosofia idealista alemã, buscou compreender o papel do ser humano enquanto agente transformador da sociedade. Já Émile Durkheim (1858-1917) e Max Weber (1864-1920) delimitaram e investigaram vários temas, assim como deram a eles definições sociológicas.
A esse respeito, relacione a COLUNA I com a COLUNA II, associando os autores clássicos da Sociologia aos fragmentos de suas teorias. COLUNA I 1. Émile Durkheim 2. Karl Marx 3. Max Weber
COLUNA II ( ) “A solidariedade social é forte, inclina fortemente os homens entre si, coloca-os em frequente contato, multiplica as ocasiões que têm de se relacionarem. [...] Quanto mais solidários são os membros de uma sociedade, mais relações diversas sustentam, seja entre si, seja com o grupo tomado coletivamente, porque se os seus encontros fossem raros eles não dependeriam uns dos outros, senão de maneira frágil e intermitente”. (Quintaneiro, 2002, p. 81) ( ) “As camadas mais baixas do proletariado – as mais instáveis do ponto de vista econômico, de muito difícil aceso às concepções racionais – e as camadas da pequena burguesia – em decadência proletária ou em constante indigência e ameaçadas de proletarização – são presa fácil de missões religiosas, sobretudo as que adquirem forma mágica ou mágico-orgiástica [...] Sem dúvida é mais fácil que prosperem sobre esse solo os elementos emotivos do que os racionais de uma ética religiosa”. (Quintaneiro, 2002, p. 133) ( ) “Um primeiro pressuposto de toda existência humana e, portanto, de toda história [...] (é) que os homens devem estar em condições de poder viver a fim de “fazer história”. Mas, para viver, é necessário, antes de mais nada, beber, comer, ter um teto onde se abrigar, vestir-se etc. o primeiro fato histórico é, pois, a produção dos meios que permitem satisfazer essas necessidades, a produção da própria vida material; trata-se de um fato histórico; de uma condição fundamental de toda a história, que é necessário, tanto hoje como há milhares de anos, executar, dia a dia, hora a hora, a fim de manter os homens vivos”. (Quintaneiro, 2002, p. 32)
Assinale a sequência correta.
Alternativas
Q1789872 Sociologia
Analise as afirmativas a seguir relativas ao trabalho nas sociedades modernas.
I. Uma das características mais distintivas do sistema econômico das sociedades modernas é a existência de uma divisão do trabalho extremamente complexa: o trabalho passou a ser dividido em um número enorme de ocupações diferentes nas quais as pessoas se especializam. II. As mulheres que trabalham fora historicamente se concentraram em ocupações mal remuneradas, que envolvem atividades de rotina. Muitos desses empregos são extremamente marcados pelo gênero. Apesar da igualdade formal em relação aos homens, as mulheres ainda passam por diversas situações de desigualdade no mercado de trabalho. III. Há quem fale na “morte das carreiras” e no advento do trabalhador de portfólio – aquele que possui e apresenta diferentes habilidades, afirmando que tem condições de se deslocar prontamente de um emprego para outro. Assim, por qualquer ângulo que seja observada, a flexibilização do trabalho é considerada uma prática benéfica à sociedade.
Estão corretas as afirmativas
Alternativas
Q1789871 Sociologia
Sendo a sociedade uma realidade ao mesmo tempo objetiva e subjetiva, qualquer adequada compreensão teórica relativa a ela deve abranger ambos esses aspectos, que recebem correto reconhecimento se a sociedade for entendida em termos de um processo dialético em curso, composto de três momentos: exteriorização, objetivação e interiorização. Somente depois de ter realizado a interiorização é que o indivíduo se torna membro da sociedade, o que se dá pelo processo ontogenético da socialização – primária e secundária. Com relação ao processo de socialização, assinale a alternativa incorreta.
Alternativas
Q1789870 Filosofia
Muitas foram as respostas elaboradas ao longo do tempo sobre as origens e as associações políticas, o poder político e a necessidade de criação do Estado. A esse respeito, relacione a COLUNA I com a COLUNA II, associando os filósofos políticos às suas teorias. COLUNA I 1. Platão (428–347 a.C.) 2. Aristóteles (384–322 a.C.) 3. Nicolau Maquiavel (1469–1527) 4. Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) 5. John Locke (1632–1704) 6. Charles de Secondat de Montesquieu (1689–1755) 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)
COLUNA II ( ) Em sua investigação, concluiu que o ser humano, embora vivendo em sociedade, não possui o instinto natural da sociabilidade. Cada indivíduo encara seu semelhante como um concorrente que precisa ser dominado; e onde não houve o domínio de um indivíduo sobre o outro, existirá sempre uma competição intensa. ( ) Valoriza os valores da vida natural e ataca a corrupção, a avareza e os vícios da sociedade civilizada. Exalta a liberdade e se contrapõe à falsidade e ao artificialismo da vida civilizada. Além de investigar a origem do poder político, investigou também a existência ou não de uma justificativa válida para os indivíduos, originalmente livres, terem submetido sua liberdade ao poder político do Estado, além de se preocupar com a legitimidade desse poder. ( ) O ser humano é por natureza um ser social, pois, para sobreviver, não pode ficar completamente isolado de seus semelhantes. A organização social adequada à natureza humana é a polis, presente entre as realidades que existem naturalmente, e o homem é por natureza um animal político. ( ) Ao refletir sobre a possibilidade de abuso de poder nas monarquias, propôs que se estabelecesse a divisão do poder político em três instâncias, com a intenção de que elas fossem harmônicas entre si. ( ) Na política, há uma distância entre o ideal e a realidade. Por isso, afastou-se da concepção idealizada de política e centrou sua reflexão na constatação de que o poder político tem como função regular as lutas e tensões entre os grupos sociais, os quais, em seu entendimento, eram basicamente dois: o grupo dos poderosos e o povo. Para esse filósofo, a política tem como objetivo a manutenção do poder do Estado. ( ) Sua concepção de política é aristocrática, por supor que a grande massa de pessoas é incapaz de dirigir a cidade e que apenas uma parcela da elite, os sábios, está apta a exercer o poder político. ( ) Ao refletir sobre a origem do poder político e sua necessidade de congregar os seres humanos, a falta de uma normatização geral leva à situação em que cada qual seria o seu próprio juiz, engendrando problemas nas relações entre os indivíduos. Por isso teve-se a necessidade de criação do Estado, para garantir a segurança dos indivíduos. Assinale a sequência correta.
Alternativas
Q1789869 Sociologia
Se, pois, deve haver uma ciência cujo objeto seja a sociedade, e nada mais, deve ela unicamente propor-se como fim de sua pesquisa estas interações, estas modalidades e formas de sociação. Tudo mais que se encontra no seio da “sociedade”, tudo que se realiza por ela e em seus limites, não é propriamente sociedade, mas simplesmente um conteúdo que desenvolve esta forma de coexistência ou é por ela desenvolvido; somente se produz a figura real chamada “sociedade”, no mais amplo e costumeiro sentido do termo, quando se juntam conteúdo e forma.
 SIMMEL, Georg. Sociologia. Org.: Evaristo de Moraes Filho.
Trad. Carlos Alberto Pavanelli. et al. São Paulo: Ática, 1983.
Considerando a afirmação do autor, avalie as seguintes asserções e a relação proposta entre elas.
I. Os indivíduos são portadores concretos e imediatos de toda a realidade histórica e de tudo o que neles há, como instinto, interesse, fim, inclinação, estado ou movimento psíquico, ou seja, tudo que é capaz de originar ação sobre outros ou a recepção de suas influências. Tudo isso, então, é o que compõe o conteúdo ou a matéria da sociação, PORQUE II. o início da sociação se dá quando a coexistência isolada dos indivíduos utiliza formas determinadas de cooperação e de colaboração, presentes no conceito geral da interação. Os indivíduos constituem a unidade dentro da forma que é sociação e é dentro dessa forma, realizada de diversas maneiras, que os indivíduos realizam seus interesses, tangíveis ou ideais, momentâneos ou duradouros, conscientes ou inconscientes, impulsionados casualmente ou induzidos telelogicamente. A respeito dessas asserções, assinale a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Q1789868 Sociologia
Quando a sociedade passa por mudanças dramáticas, as pessoas começam a pensar sobre o mundo que as cerca. Isso propiciou o nascimento da Sociologia, uma forma de estudar o comportamento das interações e organizações humanas. Analise as afirmativas a seguir, relativas aos fatores determinantes para o surgimento da Sociologia.
I. O Iluminismo foi um movimento intelectual que engendrou uma forma de pensar mais sistemática sobre as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade, com vistas ao rompimento com a influência da religião, da tradição e do dogma do pensamento intelectual. II. No século XVIII, os antigos sistemas feudais começaram a abrir caminho para o trabalho autônomo que promovia a indústria nas áreas urbanas, novas formas de governo começaram a desafiar o poder das monarquias. Assim, as instituições da sociedade foram alteradas para sempre. III. A Revolução Francesa acelerou o pensamento sistemático sobre o mundo social, sobretudo por ter sido uma revolução violenta, que teve o poder de derrubar o velho regime, deixando questionamentos sobre como a sociedade poderia ser reconstruída a fim de evitar eventos dramáticos, como foi a Revolução de 1 789.
Estão corretas as afirmativas
Alternativas
Q1789867 Sociologia
Max Weber desenvolveu a teoria dos tipos ideais enquanto instrumento de pesquisa privilegiado do saber sociológico. A noção de tipo ideal representa, no campo lógico, uma síntese do método individualizante e generalizante, o que, para o referido teórico, compõe as bases do pensamento social. Com relação à teoria de Max Weber, assinale a alternativa incorreta.
Alternativas
Q1789866 Sociologia
A realidade social revela um padrão, ou estrutura, que dá a cada um de nós um sentido para o lugar ao qual pertencemos, o que se espera que façamos, e como nós devemos pensar e sentir. Embora a realidade social não tenha a organização de uma colmeia, ela não deixa de ser organizada. Se ela não fosse organizada, não saberíamos como agir, e constantemente ficaríamos incertos quanto a prováveis reações dos outros. Sem estrutura o mundo social é o caos. Evidentemente, com estrutura demais ele se torna restrito, chato e opressivo, e às vezes acaba por eliminar o papel do sujeito. [...] A vida social é um constante cabo-de-guerra entre o nosso desejo de ser livre e a nossa necessidade de ser parte da estrutura social.
 TURNER, Jonathan H. Sociologia: conceitos e aplicações.
Trad. Márcia Marques Gomes Navas.
Revisão técnica: João Clemente de Souza Neto.
São Paulo: Makron Books, 2000, p. 47.
A esse respeito, relacione a COLUNA I com a COLUNA II, associando os conceitos apresentados por Jonathan H. Turner em seu livro Sociologia: conceitos e aplicações às suas correspondentes definições.
COLUNA I 1. Status 2. Papéis sociais 3. Conjunto de status 4. Conjunto de papéis 5. Rede de status
COLUNA II ( ) Trata-se de um comportamento esperado de uma pessoa que ocupa um certo status, pois, quando se comporta de acordo com esse status, toma-se consciência de normas e outros sistemas de símbolos; e, então, molda-se esse comportamento de forma que preencha as necessidades e personalidade, assim como as particularidades de uma situação. ( ) Os status são ligados uns aos outros, de forma que os papéis sociais são afetados pelos status, ao mesmo tempo em que, contrariamente, o status de um indivíduo tem efeito em papéis sociais desempenhados por outros status. ( ) Trata-se de um complexo de posições que cada pessoa ocupa, o qual marca as estruturas às quais pertencem e os sistemas de cultura aos quais estão ligados os indivíduos. ( ) Trata-se do lugar que se ocupa em um sistema de posições interligadas e, ao conhecer esse lugar, sabe-se onde se está localizado e o que se espera dele. ( ) Trata-se de uma totalidade de comportamentos a serem desempenhados por todos aqueles que estão inseridos na estrutura social.
Assinale a sequência correta.
Alternativas
Q1789865 Filosofia
Analise as afirmativas a seguir relativas à ética e à moral, conceitos indispensáveis à filosofia.
I. A palavra moral vem da palavra “costumes” e refere-se ao conjunto de normas que orientam o comportamento humano, tendo como base os valores próprios de uma dada comunidade ou cultura. II. Ética é uma disciplina filosófica que investiga o que é a moral, como ela se fundamenta e se aplica. Investiga os diversos sistemas morais elaborados pelos seres humanos, buscando compreender a fundamentação das normas e interdições próprias a cada um, além de explicitar as concepções sobre o ser humano e a existência humana que o sustentam. III. O fato de as comunidades humanas serem distintas, tanto no espaço como no tempo, faz com que os valores sejam também distintos de uma comunidade para a outra, motivo pelo qual se pode afirmar que os códigos morais das comunidades podem ser diferentes.
Estão corretas as afirmativas
Alternativas
Q1789864 Filosofia
Sócrates é considerado um marco divisório da filosofia grega, motivo pelo qual aqueles que o antecederam são conhecidos como pré-socráticos, e os que o sucederam, como pós-socráticos. Sobre a filosofia socrática, assinale a alternativa incorreta.
Alternativas
Q1787423 Pedagogia
Sobre as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana, é incorreto afirmar:
Alternativas
Respostas
61: B
62: A
63: C
64: C
65: B
66: A
67: B
68: C
69: C
70: A
71: A
72: B
73: C
74: B
75: D
76: B
77: C
78: D
79: C
80: B