Questões de Concurso Comentadas para prefeitura de miguelópolis - sp

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Q1796213 Inglês
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Why the world is becoming more allergic to food
   Inquiries into the deaths of British teenagers after eating buttermilk, sesame and peanut have highlighted the sometimes tragic consequences. Last year, a six-year-old girl in Western Australia died as the result of a dairy allergy.
   The rise in allergies in recent decades has been particularly noticeable in the West. Food allergy now affects about 7% of children in the UK and 9% of those in Australia, for example. Across Europe, 2% of adults have food allergies.
   Life-threatening reactions can be prompted even by traces of the trigger foods, meaning patients and families live with fear and anxiety. The dietary restrictions which follow can become a burden to social and family lives.
   While we can't say for sure why allergy rates are increasing, researchers around the world are working hard to find ways to combat this phenomenon.
   The increase in allergies is not simply the effect of society becoming more aware of them and better at diagnosing them.
   It is thought that allergies and increased sensitivity to foods are probably environmental, and related to Western lifestyles.
   We know there are lower rates of allergies in developing countries. They are also more likely to occur in urban rather than rural areas.
   Factors may include pollution, dietary changes and less exposure to microbes, which change how our immune systems respond.
   Migrants appear to show a higher prevalence of asthma and food allergy in their adopted country compared to their country of origin, further illustrating the importance of environmental factors.
SANTOS, Alexandra. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-46302780. Acesso em 14 jun. 2021. 
Mark the alternative which better describes the use of the word “rather” in “They are also more likely to occur in urban rather than rural areas”.
Alternativas
Q1796212 Inglês
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Why the world is becoming more allergic to food
   Inquiries into the deaths of British teenagers after eating buttermilk, sesame and peanut have highlighted the sometimes tragic consequences. Last year, a six-year-old girl in Western Australia died as the result of a dairy allergy.
   The rise in allergies in recent decades has been particularly noticeable in the West. Food allergy now affects about 7% of children in the UK and 9% of those in Australia, for example. Across Europe, 2% of adults have food allergies.
   Life-threatening reactions can be prompted even by traces of the trigger foods, meaning patients and families live with fear and anxiety. The dietary restrictions which follow can become a burden to social and family lives.
   While we can't say for sure why allergy rates are increasing, researchers around the world are working hard to find ways to combat this phenomenon.
   The increase in allergies is not simply the effect of society becoming more aware of them and better at diagnosing them.
   It is thought that allergies and increased sensitivity to foods are probably environmental, and related to Western lifestyles.
   We know there are lower rates of allergies in developing countries. They are also more likely to occur in urban rather than rural areas.
   Factors may include pollution, dietary changes and less exposure to microbes, which change how our immune systems respond.
   Migrants appear to show a higher prevalence of asthma and food allergy in their adopted country compared to their country of origin, further illustrating the importance of environmental factors.
SANTOS, Alexandra. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-46302780. Acesso em 14 jun. 2021. 
Mark the correct alternative according to the text.
Alternativas
Q1796210 Inglês
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What Is the Lexical Approach?
   Linguist Michael Lewis literally wrote the book on the topic. His 1993 work, titled “The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a Way Forward,” put together the conceptual foundations for effectively teaching a second language.
   The idea is that grammar comes only second to Lexis, or words. But by “words,” we’re not talking about vocabulary or individual words here. We’re more interested in word “chunks,” or phrases—words that usually go together and are commonly found next to each other in the language.
   There are plenty of them in English: words that come as a set and signal the presence of the other, like Starsky and Hutch, Donkey and Shrek, Batman and Robin. Consider the following phrases:
• by the way
• abstract reasoning
• complete idiot
• best wishes
• make up your mind
• go to great lengths
   These words often go together and native speakers use them next to each other a lot.
   The lexical approach posits that languages are composed of these “chunks” and that the key to fluency in any language is the nuanced use of these phrases—which native speakers spew in daily conversations—without regard for grammatical soundness or word meaning. (If you think about it, native speakers don’t really consciously observe grammar rules every time they speak. They simply talk).
Adaptado de: FLUENTU. Disponível em: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator/lexical-approach-tolanguage-teaching/. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2021.
Mark the alternative in which the word “often” from “These words often go together and native speakers use them next to each other a lot” could be better replaced without change the meaning.
Alternativas
Q1796209 Inglês
Leia o texto e responda à questão.

What Is the Lexical Approach?
   Linguist Michael Lewis literally wrote the book on the topic. His 1993 work, titled “The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a Way Forward,” put together the conceptual foundations for effectively teaching a second language.
   The idea is that grammar comes only second to Lexis, or words. But by “words,” we’re not talking about vocabulary or individual words here. We’re more interested in word “chunks,” or phrases—words that usually go together and are commonly found next to each other in the language.
   There are plenty of them in English: words that come as a set and signal the presence of the other, like Starsky and Hutch, Donkey and Shrek, Batman and Robin. Consider the following phrases:
• by the way
• abstract reasoning
• complete idiot
• best wishes
• make up your mind
• go to great lengths
   These words often go together and native speakers use them next to each other a lot.
   The lexical approach posits that languages are composed of these “chunks” and that the key to fluency in any language is the nuanced use of these phrases—which native speakers spew in daily conversations—without regard for grammatical soundness or word meaning. (If you think about it, native speakers don’t really consciously observe grammar rules every time they speak. They simply talk).
Adaptado de: FLUENTU. Disponível em: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator/lexical-approach-tolanguage-teaching/. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2021.
According to the text, mark the alternative which expresses only one chunk.
Alternativas
Q1796208 Inglês
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Bakhtinian Dialogic Concept in Language Learning Process
   The relationship between learning and teaching is so much complex. Some studies carried out on language teaching process confirm that learning a language is one of the most serious concerns for human beings. Recently, scholars have used Bakhtinian concepts in language studies because some of Bakhtin's concepts can act as tools to help the teaching process, for instance Bakhtin's concept of dialogue shows how in the process of teaching, the teacher can have communication with his or her students to transform meaning. Furthermore, Bakhtin's concept of dialogue is used to analyze classroom discourses, whereas, teachers control all the learning and teaching activities in the classroom. A classroom with this kind of positive environment will be based on the dialogic model, in contrast to the traditional, predominantly monologic and teacher-centered classrooms where students mostly work individually with authoritative texts.
Adaptado de: SHIRKHANI, Fatemeh; NESARI, ,Ali
Jamali; FEILINEZHAD, Nabieh. Bakhtinian Dialogic Concept in
Language Learning Process. 2015. Procedia: Social and
Behavioral Sciences. p. 510 – 515.
The text proposes a new model of classroom based on dialogic model from Bakhtin, mark the alternative which better fits the authors idea of making the learning a language process easier by the dialogic method.
Alternativas
Q1796207 Inglês
Leia o texto e responda à questão.

Bakhtinian Dialogic Concept in Language Learning Process
   The relationship between learning and teaching is so much complex. Some studies carried out on language teaching process confirm that learning a language is one of the most serious concerns for human beings. Recently, scholars have used Bakhtinian concepts in language studies because some of Bakhtin's concepts can act as tools to help the teaching process, for instance Bakhtin's concept of dialogue shows how in the process of teaching, the teacher can have communication with his or her students to transform meaning. Furthermore, Bakhtin's concept of dialogue is used to analyze classroom discourses, whereas, teachers control all the learning and teaching activities in the classroom. A classroom with this kind of positive environment will be based on the dialogic model, in contrast to the traditional, predominantly monologic and teacher-centered classrooms where students mostly work individually with authoritative texts.
Adaptado de: SHIRKHANI, Fatemeh; NESARI, ,Ali
Jamali; FEILINEZHAD, Nabieh. Bakhtinian Dialogic Concept in
Language Learning Process. 2015. Procedia: Social and
Behavioral Sciences. p. 510 – 515.
Mark the alternative which better translates the underlined word “scholars” to Portuguese in the text context.
Alternativas
Q1796206 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Benefits of testing the four skills (reading, listening, writing and speaking)
   When we say that someone “speaks” a language fluently, we usually mean that they have a high level in all four skills – listening, speaking, reading and writing. But, as any teacher knows, learners often have strengths or weaknesses in particular skills, and in some cases can achieve high levels in, for example, reading and writing, while not being able to speak or listen at a comparable level.
   For some purposes – highly specialised jobs, for example – these uneven skills may not matter very much. However, English is such an important skill in the global world, and needed in so many different contexts, that someone without a good ability in all four skills will greatly reduce the opportunities open to them in education and professional life.
   If we want to assess someone’s speaking ability, we must get them to speak. The same applies to all the other skills. We can’t infer ability in one skill (e.g. speaking) from performance in another (e.g. listening), or from using tests of language knowledge, e.g. grammar, vocabulary, as proxies for communicative language ability. Therefore if we want to accurately assess communicative language ability, we need to include tasks which elicit a wide range of skills related to communicative language.
   The Common European Framework of Reference (2001) extends the definition of communicative language ability into five skills, and divides speaking into two skills: spoken production and spoken interaction. This is based on the evidence that these two skills are different, since one involves only monologue-type speech and the other involves being both a speaker and a listener at the same time. A test of communicative language, therefore, needs to include both spoken production and spoken interaction.
Adaptado de: GALACZI, Evelina. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/blog/benefits-oftesting-the-four-skills/. Acesso em: 30 mar. 2021.
According to the text, mark the alternative which better explain what means to be fluent.
Alternativas
Q1796205 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Benefits of testing the four skills (reading, listening, writing and speaking)
   When we say that someone “speaks” a language fluently, we usually mean that they have a high level in all four skills – listening, speaking, reading and writing. But, as any teacher knows, learners often have strengths or weaknesses in particular skills, and in some cases can achieve high levels in, for example, reading and writing, while not being able to speak or listen at a comparable level.
   For some purposes – highly specialised jobs, for example – these uneven skills may not matter very much. However, English is such an important skill in the global world, and needed in so many different contexts, that someone without a good ability in all four skills will greatly reduce the opportunities open to them in education and professional life.
   If we want to assess someone’s speaking ability, we must get them to speak. The same applies to all the other skills. We can’t infer ability in one skill (e.g. speaking) from performance in another (e.g. listening), or from using tests of language knowledge, e.g. grammar, vocabulary, as proxies for communicative language ability. Therefore if we want to accurately assess communicative language ability, we need to include tasks which elicit a wide range of skills related to communicative language.
   The Common European Framework of Reference (2001) extends the definition of communicative language ability into five skills, and divides speaking into two skills: spoken production and spoken interaction. This is based on the evidence that these two skills are different, since one involves only monologue-type speech and the other involves being both a speaker and a listener at the same time. A test of communicative language, therefore, needs to include both spoken production and spoken interaction.
Adaptado de: GALACZI, Evelina. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/blog/benefits-oftesting-the-four-skills/. Acesso em: 30 mar. 2021.
According to the text, mark the alternative which contains all the skills presented by the The Common European Framework of Reference for the definition of communicative language ability.
Alternativas
Q1796204 Inglês
The word “freed” from the title, can be classified as:
Alternativas
Q1791729 Literatura

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SONETO


Pálida à luz da lâmpada sombria,

Sobre o leito de flores reclinada,

Como a lua por noite embalsamada,

Entre as nuvens do amor ela dormia!


Era a virgem do mar, na escuma fria

Pela maré das águas embalada!

Era um anjo entre nuvens d'alvorada

Que em sonhos se banhava e se esquecia!


Era a mais bela! Seio palpitando...

Negros olhos as pálpebras abrindo...

Formas nuas no leito resvalando...


Não te rias de mim, meu anjo lindo!

Por ti - as noites eu velei chorando,

Por ti - nos sonhos morrerei sorrindo! 


AZEVEDO, Álvares de. 1853. Disponível em: https://www.escritas.org/pt/t/11434/soneto-palida-a-luz-da-lampada-sombria..


O texto é um poema do tipo soneto. Quanto aos sonetos na literatura brasileira, assinale a alternativa que melhor descreve os usos desse tipo de poema.
Alternativas
Q1791728 Literatura

Leia o texto e responda à questão.


SONETO


Pálida à luz da lâmpada sombria,

Sobre o leito de flores reclinada,

Como a lua por noite embalsamada,

Entre as nuvens do amor ela dormia!


Era a virgem do mar, na escuma fria

Pela maré das águas embalada!

Era um anjo entre nuvens d'alvorada

Que em sonhos se banhava e se esquecia!


Era a mais bela! Seio palpitando...

Negros olhos as pálpebras abrindo...

Formas nuas no leito resvalando...


Não te rias de mim, meu anjo lindo!

Por ti - as noites eu velei chorando,

Por ti - nos sonhos morrerei sorrindo! 


AZEVEDO, Álvares de. 1853. Disponível em: https://www.escritas.org/pt/t/11434/soneto-palida-a-luz-da-lampada-sombria..


Quanto ao movimento literário ao qual pertenceu esse poema, assinale a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Q1791723 Pedagogia
O objetivo geral da matemática na educação básica é, entre outras coisa, desenvolver atividades eu possibilitem ao aluno construir o seu conhecimento matemático e estabelecer conexões com as outras matérias e seu cotidiano. Para isso, existem alguns objetivos específicos da matemática na educação básica. Marque, entre as opções abaixo, aquela que não é um objetivo específico da matemática na educação básica.
Alternativas
Q1791722 Matemática
Márcio organizou um churrasco para seus amigos, e para que não faltasse uma grande quantidade de carne, Márcio compraria 300 gramas de carne por pessoa que confirmasse presença no churrasco. Com essas contas, Márcio comprou 19,2 kg de carne. No dia do churrasco, porém, 12 pessoas, que haviam confirmado presença, não puderam ir. Para não sobrar carne, quanta gramas, aproximadamente, de carne ficaria pra cada pessoa com essa nova divisão?
Alternativas
Q1791721 Matemática
Wilson tem um terreno retangular e desejandoplantar uma horta, colocou dois irrigadores neste
Imagem associada para resolução da questão

terreno, ambos com alcance circular de raio igual a 4metros, como na figura abaixo. Qual a área que os irrigadores não alcançam, que será uma parte do terreno que Wilson não irá fazer a horta? Utilize π = 3,14.
Alternativas
Q1791716 Matemática
Sejam duas funções, ƒ, g:  → , tais que, ƒ(x) = 3x + 7 e g(x) = 6x2 - 15x - 17, marque a  mostra a posição relativa entre os gráficos de ƒ e g ?
Alternativas
Q1791715 Matemática
Sabendo que um celular que está com 36% de sua carga total, levaria 1,5 horas, para carrega-lo totalmente. Quanto tempo levaria para carregar este celular, se ele estivesse com 15% de sua carga total?
Alternativas
Q1791713 Educação Física
Games na pandemia Psicólogos apontam os riscos potencializados pelo distanciamento social, mas também fazem ponderações: não é o caso de "demonizar" os jogos virtuais. Disponível em: https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/comportamento/noticia /2020/10/games-na pandemia-seu-filho-esta-jogando-em-excesso-veja-o-que-dizem-especialistas ckgi201ad000c015xwgncrzy2.html. Acesso em 08/06/2021
Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Figura 1. Perda do sono por conta dos jogos. (CHARGE..., 2018)
Sobre os jogos eletrônicos, é correto afirmar, EXCETO em:
Alternativas
Q1791712 Educação Física
Julgue os itens abaixo.
I. Os oponentes da disputa de uma luta como as brincadeiras de cabo de guerra e braço de ferro até as práticas mais complexas da capoeira, do judô e do karatê devem ser subjugados, na combinação de ações de ataque e defesa utilizando estratégias e técnicas de desequilíbrio, contusão, imobilização ou exclusão de um determinado espaço. A punição por atitudes de violência e deslealdade não é uma regulamentação específica. II. As características que tornam às lutas parte da chamada cultura corporal são devidas às atividades humanas, as lutas partem da interação do homem com o histórico, o lógico, com o meio social, econômico, político e das situações de conflitos causados pelos interesses que se diferem nas classes sociais.
Assinale a alternativa CORRETA:
Alternativas
Q1791711 Educação Física
Entender como os efeitos da atividade física e do exercício físico se dão em nível populacional e individual é uma área da Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano. Dessa forma, compreender como os ajustes orgânicos proporcionados pelo exercício físico proveniente de diversas metodologias pode contribuir para o desempenho esportivo e físico. Diante do exposto, analise as afirmações.
I. Quando bem prescrito e aplicado, o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) promove uma série de benefícios cardiovasculares, entre eles o aumento do volume sistólico de ejeção, diminuição da FC e pressão arterial de repouso durante o esforço, benefícios neuroendócrinos: aumento de liberação de hormônios lipolíticos como adrenalina, noradrenalina, hormônio do crescimento. Benefícios metabólicos tais como maior ativação da oxidação do glicerol, do glicogênio muscular, da oxidação dos ácidos graxos, promove aumento de gasto energético, principalmente pós-exercício e isso combinado gera efeitos na composição corporal como redução de gordura e aumento de massa muscular. Além dos efeitos psicológicos como o enjoyment (percepção de prazer aumentado). II. Muitas diretrizes de atividade física evoluíram para incorporar a recomendação de que a atividade física de forma acumulada ou fracionada deve ser alcançada em episódios de até 10 minutos de duração.
Assinale a alternativa CORRETA:
Alternativas
Q1791710 Educação Física
Julgue os itens a seguir:
I. O homem através do seu corpo em movimento que se relaciona com o seu mundo externo e interno é o objeto de estudo dessa ciência denominada Psicomotricidade. Está relacionada ao processo maturacional, onde a origem das aquisições afetivas, cognitivas e orgânicas é o corpo. Três conhecimentos básico dão base a psicomotricidade: o movimento, o intelecto e o afeto. O movimento integrado e organizado é o que traduz a Psicomotricidade, em função de experiências vividas pelo sujeito cuja ação é resultante de sua individualidade, sua linguagem e sua socialização. II. Em aulas de Educação Física na educação infantil, a psicomotricidade é abordada restritamente como forma curativa, pode evitar diversos tipos de problemas na fase de alfabetização, como também a falta de concentração.
Assinale a alternativa CORRETA:
Alternativas
Respostas
1: B
2: C
3: C
4: A
5: D
6: B
7: A
8: D
9: C
10: C
11: B
12: C
13: D
14: D
15: C
16: A
17: D
18: D
19: B
20: B