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Texto 02
Standard Englishes and World Englishes: Living with a Polymorph Business Language
By Jeanette Gilsdorf
Many who teach business communication observe gradual changes in Standard English. As do other languages, English changes through contact with other languages and through several other wellunderstood avenues of language evolution, such as compounding, adding affixes, functional shift, coinage, and so on. As the third millennium begins, new factors are converging to influence Standard English: U.S. work environments are becoming more richly intercultural, newcomers to the United States are increasing their fluency in English, and international business is using English increasingly as a global language of business. Throughout these remarks, my perspective is that of a native-born Anglo-American speaker of English. Speakers of other Englishes will have different but comparable perspectives.
Helping my English as Second Language (L2) students gradually master English, I’ve seen my practical understanding of L2 learning grow, along with my respect for the major language task these students have taken on. I’ve also sensed Americans’ unmerited good luck that English has become the language of international business. Yet the internationality of English is to us a mixed blessing because of our presumptions about what comes with it. As Dennett says, “English may be the language of the global village but the villagers are far from agreement on what is good use of the language” (1992, p. 13). Many communicators mistakenly assume a commonality of understanding when both speakers use the same English words. We know that even two speakers born to the same language experience only approximate commonality of meaning; yet we routinely forget to compensate for that fact and end up with cases of bypassing. Internationally, the commonality of understanding can be far more sketchy, and the contextual issues much more complex, than most of us realize.
A truism says that staying with good Standard English will hold problems to a minimum. But what is Standard English, and what is the place of Standard English in teaching business communication in contexts that are more and more international? How, as teachers, do we make our peace with the multiple, competing standards and values affecting what is “acceptable English”? These questions trouble us in part because business persons approve of others’ use of English—or disparage it— depending on their view of what English is and what it’s supposed to be used for. Most U.S. business persons say that they expect people who work for them to be highly competent in Standard English. It seems a simple issue to these business persons. To teachers it is far from simple.
[…]
(Disponível em http://web.csulb.edu/~gilsdorf/st%20eng%20world%20eng%20jbc.htm / Journal of Business Communication, volume 39, number 3, July 2002, pages 364-378).
Texto 01
Going Mobile, Going Further!
By Anderson Francisco Guimarães Maia – October 28, 2016
So what happens to “learning” if we add the word “mobile” to it? The increasing and rapidly developing use of mobile technology by English language learners is an unquestionable aspect of today’s classroom. However, the attitude EFL teachers develop towards the use of mobile devices as an aid for language teaching varies greatly.
The unique benefits of mobile learning for EFL teachers include the ability to bridge formal and informal learning, which for language learners may be realized through supplementary out-of-classroom practice, translation support when communicating with target language speakers and the capture of difficulties and discoveries which can be instantly shared as well as being brought back into the classroom. Mobile learning can deliver, supplement and extend formal language learning; or it can be the primary way for learners to explore a target language informally and direct their own development through immediacy of encounter and challenge within a social setting. We still miss sufficient explicit connection between these two modes of learning, one of which is mainly formal and the other informal. Consequently, there are missed opportunities in terms of mutual benefit: formal education remains somewhat detached from rapid socio-technological change, and informal learning is frequently sidelined or ignored when it could be used as a resource and a way to discover more about evolving personal and social motivations for learning.
One example of how mobile devices can bridge formal and informal learning is through instantmessaging applications. Both synchronous and asynchronous activities can be developed for language practice outside the classroom. For example, in a discussion group on Whatsapp, students can discuss short videos, practice vocabulary with picture collages, share recent news, create captions and punch lines for memes, and take turns to create a multimodal story. Teachers can also create applications specifically to practice new vocabulary and grammar to support classroom learning.
Digital and mobile media are changing and extending language use to new environments as well as creating opportunities to learn in different ways. Mobile technology enables us to get physically closer to social contexts of language use which will ultimately influence the ways that language is used and learned. Therefore, let us incorporate mobile learning into our EFL lessons and literally “have the world in our hands”.
(Disponível em http://www.richmondshare.com.br/going-mobile-going-further/)
Texto 01
Going Mobile, Going Further!
By Anderson Francisco Guimarães Maia – October 28, 2016
So what happens to “learning” if we add the word “mobile” to it? The increasing and rapidly developing use of mobile technology by English language learners is an unquestionable aspect of today’s classroom. However, the attitude EFL teachers develop towards the use of mobile devices as an aid for language teaching varies greatly.
The unique benefits of mobile learning for EFL teachers include the ability to bridge formal and informal learning, which for language learners may be realized through supplementary out-of-classroom practice, translation support when communicating with target language speakers and the capture of difficulties and discoveries which can be instantly shared as well as being brought back into the classroom. Mobile learning can deliver, supplement and extend formal language learning; or it can be the primary way for learners to explore a target language informally and direct their own development through immediacy of encounter and challenge within a social setting. We still miss sufficient explicit connection between these two modes of learning, one of which is mainly formal and the other informal. Consequently, there are missed opportunities in terms of mutual benefit: formal education remains somewhat detached from rapid socio-technological change, and informal learning is frequently sidelined or ignored when it could be used as a resource and a way to discover more about evolving personal and social motivations for learning.
One example of how mobile devices can bridge formal and informal learning is through instantmessaging applications. Both synchronous and asynchronous activities can be developed for language practice outside the classroom. For example, in a discussion group on Whatsapp, students can discuss short videos, practice vocabulary with picture collages, share recent news, create captions and punch lines for memes, and take turns to create a multimodal story. Teachers can also create applications specifically to practice new vocabulary and grammar to support classroom learning.
Digital and mobile media are changing and extending language use to new environments as well as creating opportunities to learn in different ways. Mobile technology enables us to get physically closer to social contexts of language use which will ultimately influence the ways that language is used and learned. Therefore, let us incorporate mobile learning into our EFL lessons and literally “have the world in our hands”.
(Disponível em http://www.richmondshare.com.br/going-mobile-going-further/)
Texto 01
Going Mobile, Going Further!
By Anderson Francisco Guimarães Maia – October 28, 2016
So what happens to “learning” if we add the word “mobile” to it? The increasing and rapidly developing use of mobile technology by English language learners is an unquestionable aspect of today’s classroom. However, the attitude EFL teachers develop towards the use of mobile devices as an aid for language teaching varies greatly.
The unique benefits of mobile learning for EFL teachers include the ability to bridge formal and informal learning, which for language learners may be realized through supplementary out-of-classroom practice, translation support when communicating with target language speakers and the capture of difficulties and discoveries which can be instantly shared as well as being brought back into the classroom. Mobile learning can deliver, supplement and extend formal language learning; or it can be the primary way for learners to explore a target language informally and direct their own development through immediacy of encounter and challenge within a social setting. We still miss sufficient explicit connection between these two modes of learning, one of which is mainly formal and the other informal. Consequently, there are missed opportunities in terms of mutual benefit: formal education remains somewhat detached from rapid socio-technological change, and informal learning is frequently sidelined or ignored when it could be used as a resource and a way to discover more about evolving personal and social motivations for learning.
One example of how mobile devices can bridge formal and informal learning is through instantmessaging applications. Both synchronous and asynchronous activities can be developed for language practice outside the classroom. For example, in a discussion group on Whatsapp, students can discuss short videos, practice vocabulary with picture collages, share recent news, create captions and punch lines for memes, and take turns to create a multimodal story. Teachers can also create applications specifically to practice new vocabulary and grammar to support classroom learning.
Digital and mobile media are changing and extending language use to new environments as well as creating opportunities to learn in different ways. Mobile technology enables us to get physically closer to social contexts of language use which will ultimately influence the ways that language is used and learned. Therefore, let us incorporate mobile learning into our EFL lessons and literally “have the world in our hands”.
(Disponível em http://www.richmondshare.com.br/going-mobile-going-further/)
Texto 01
Going Mobile, Going Further!
By Anderson Francisco Guimarães Maia – October 28, 2016
So what happens to “learning” if we add the word “mobile” to it? The increasing and rapidly developing use of mobile technology by English language learners is an unquestionable aspect of today’s classroom. However, the attitude EFL teachers develop towards the use of mobile devices as an aid for language teaching varies greatly.
The unique benefits of mobile learning for EFL teachers include the ability to bridge formal and informal learning, which for language learners may be realized through supplementary out-of-classroom practice, translation support when communicating with target language speakers and the capture of difficulties and discoveries which can be instantly shared as well as being brought back into the classroom. Mobile learning can deliver, supplement and extend formal language learning; or it can be the primary way for learners to explore a target language informally and direct their own development through immediacy of encounter and challenge within a social setting. We still miss sufficient explicit connection between these two modes of learning, one of which is mainly formal and the other informal. Consequently, there are missed opportunities in terms of mutual benefit: formal education remains somewhat detached from rapid socio-technological change, and informal learning is frequently sidelined or ignored when it could be used as a resource and a way to discover more about evolving personal and social motivations for learning.
One example of how mobile devices can bridge formal and informal learning is through instantmessaging applications. Both synchronous and asynchronous activities can be developed for language practice outside the classroom. For example, in a discussion group on Whatsapp, students can discuss short videos, practice vocabulary with picture collages, share recent news, create captions and punch lines for memes, and take turns to create a multimodal story. Teachers can also create applications specifically to practice new vocabulary and grammar to support classroom learning.
Digital and mobile media are changing and extending language use to new environments as well as creating opportunities to learn in different ways. Mobile technology enables us to get physically closer to social contexts of language use which will ultimately influence the ways that language is used and learned. Therefore, let us incorporate mobile learning into our EFL lessons and literally “have the world in our hands”.
(Disponível em http://www.richmondshare.com.br/going-mobile-going-further/)
Texto 01
Going Mobile, Going Further!
By Anderson Francisco Guimarães Maia – October 28, 2016
So what happens to “learning” if we add the word “mobile” to it? The increasing and rapidly developing use of mobile technology by English language learners is an unquestionable aspect of today’s classroom. However, the attitude EFL teachers develop towards the use of mobile devices as an aid for language teaching varies greatly.
The unique benefits of mobile learning for EFL teachers include the ability to bridge formal and informal learning, which for language learners may be realized through supplementary out-of-classroom practice, translation support when communicating with target language speakers and the capture of difficulties and discoveries which can be instantly shared as well as being brought back into the classroom. Mobile learning can deliver, supplement and extend formal language learning; or it can be the primary way for learners to explore a target language informally and direct their own development through immediacy of encounter and challenge within a social setting. We still miss sufficient explicit connection between these two modes of learning, one of which is mainly formal and the other informal. Consequently, there are missed opportunities in terms of mutual benefit: formal education remains somewhat detached from rapid socio-technological change, and informal learning is frequently sidelined or ignored when it could be used as a resource and a way to discover more about evolving personal and social motivations for learning.
One example of how mobile devices can bridge formal and informal learning is through instantmessaging applications. Both synchronous and asynchronous activities can be developed for language practice outside the classroom. For example, in a discussion group on Whatsapp, students can discuss short videos, practice vocabulary with picture collages, share recent news, create captions and punch lines for memes, and take turns to create a multimodal story. Teachers can also create applications specifically to practice new vocabulary and grammar to support classroom learning.
Digital and mobile media are changing and extending language use to new environments as well as creating opportunities to learn in different ways. Mobile technology enables us to get physically closer to social contexts of language use which will ultimately influence the ways that language is used and learned. Therefore, let us incorporate mobile learning into our EFL lessons and literally “have the world in our hands”.
(Disponível em http://www.richmondshare.com.br/going-mobile-going-further/)
Como já se constatou algumas vezes, a pureza dos gêneros literários é apenas ideal e, nas palavras de Rosenfeld (1965, p.7), “toda obra literária de certo gênero conterá, além dos traços estilísticos mais adequados ao gênero em questão, também traços estilísticos mais típicos dos outros gêneros. Não há poema lírico que não apresente ao menos traços narrativos ligeiros e dificilmente se encontrará uma peça em que não haja alguns momentos épicos e líricos.”
Entendido o gênero literário mais como uma questão de predominância que de exclusividade, pode-se dizer que o excerto das peças de Shakespeare em que mais se nota a prevalência do épico sobre o lírico e o dramático é
Na proposta da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), que trata do Ensino Médio, o item que trata do componente Língua Portuguesa dentro da área de Linguagens traz a seguinte afirmação:
“Do ponto de vista das práticas contemporâneas de linguagem, ganham mais destaque, no Ensino Médio, a cultura digital, as culturas juvenis, os novos letramentos e os multiletramentos, os processos colaborativos, as interações e atividades que têm lugar nas mídias e redes sociais, os processos de circulação de informações e a hibridização dos papéis nesse contexto (de leitor/autor e produtor/consumidor), já explorada no Ensino Fundamental”.
BNCC, 2018, p. 490.
De acordo com a orientação da BNCC,
I. na perspectiva dos novos letramentos, o professor deve conduzir o aluno a produzir, a descrever e a analisar linguagens que fazem parte do cotidiano e da cultural dos jovens sem desconsiderar a formação leitora em gêneros discursivos concebidos como clássicos;
II. na perspectiva dos multiletramentos, a concepção de leitura valoriza os textos da cultura digital dos jovens e os processos colaborativos em rede, uma vez que os gêneros discursivos produzidos outrora tornaram-se obsoletos;
III. na perspectiva dos multiletramentos, a leitura envolve articulação de diferentes modalidades de linguagem, o que compreende imagens estáticas e em movimento, textos orais e escritos e outras linguagens híbridas;
IV. nas práticas contemporâneas de leitura, os professores devem valorizar as linguagens concebidas como de prestígio, a exemplo da leitura dos romances de Machado de Assis, porém em formato digital em detrimento do formato impresso, acompanhando as transformações sociais e tecnológicas.
Está correto o que se afirma em
Julgue as afirmações a seguir, acerca das atitudes de um professor de língua portuguesa que tem como referência o estudo científico da língua.
I. O professor que prepara suas aulas tendo como base exclusivamente a gramática normativa ou tradicional parte do princípio de que a aprendizagem de uma língua deve seguir o parâmetro “certo” x “errado”.
II. A gramática descritiva tem como preocupação registrar a língua como ela realmente é falada em uma comunidade de usuários desta língua; isso não significa que suas variantes não tenham regras ou que sejam erradas.
III. Ao mostrar aos alunos as variedades de registro e uso da língua portuguesa das comunidades de falantes pelo Brasil, cabe ao professor privilegiar a norma culta urbana por ter mais prestígio em contraste com variante das comunidades rurais.
Está correto o que se afirma em
No livro Sofrendo a gramática, Mário Perini analisa e discute alguns mitos, fatores e sintomas relacionados à prática da escrita e ao domínio da gramática na educação básica.
Vamos pensar um momento: se é preciso saber gramática para escrever bem, será de esperar que as pessoas que escrevem bem saibam gramática - ou pelo menos, que as pessoas que sabem gramática escrevem bem. Será que isso acontece? Meu autor brasileiro favorito é Luís Fernando Veríssimo; na minha opinião (e na de alguns outros), ninguém escreve melhor do que ele hoje em dia, no Brasil. Mas o Veríssimo não sabe praticamente nada de gramática; por ter sido mau aluno, por ter abandonado a escola, por não ter feito letras? Não. Não sabe gramática pela mesma razão que nós, que fomos bons alunos, fizemos nossos cursos até o fim e temos diplomas de letras, não a sabemos: porque ninguém sabe gramática. E isso não impede pelo menos alguns de nós de escrever toleravelmente bem ou mesmo (como o Veríssimo) muito bem.
PERINI, 2005, p. 50.
É correto afirmar o seguinte:
El yudo y el karate __dos artes marciales__ tienen su origen en culturas orientales__ son las más difundidas en occidente, a diferencia de otros cientos de formas menos conocidas y algunas absolutamente desconocidas en esta parte del mundo.
Las dos tienen como objetivo vencer a su oponente__ sin embargo__ los medios para lograrlo son muy diferentes__ el karate emplea básicamente golpes de puño y pies, mientras que el yudo utiliza tomas y llaves.
Aunque las dos formas requieren un buen entrenamiento físico, el karate requiere más fuerza. Por esta razón__ el yudo puede ser representado con la imagen de un sauce que se dobla ante el peso sin romperse.
Así, estas jūjutsu o __artes de gentileza__ tienen un objetivo en común y medios diferentes para lograrlo.
“Lo que vuelve el aprendizaje del español verdaderamente arduo por parte de los estudiantes brasileños son, en realidad, las palabras que suenan lo mismo, se escriben igual, significan lo mismo, pero se usan de una manera distinta. Distingo a estos efectos cuatro tipos de 'falsos amigos'. El primer tipo es el tradicional: dos palabras son casi idénticas, se escriben casi igual, se pronuncian casi igual, pero sus sentidos son diferentes”.
P. HUMBLÉ. “Falsos cognados. Falsos problemas. Un aspecto de la enseñanza del español en Brasil”, Revista de Lexicografía, XII, (2005-2006), pp. 197-207.
“Lo que vuelve el aprendizaje del español verdaderamente arduo por parte de los estudiantes brasileños son, en realidad, las palabras que suenan lo mismo, se escriben igual, significan lo mismo, pero se usan de una manera distinta. Distingo a estos efectos cuatro tipos de 'falsos amigos'. El primer tipo es el tradicional: dos palabras son casi idénticas, se escriben casi igual, se pronuncian casi igual, pero sus sentidos son diferentes”.
P. HUMBLÉ. “Falsos cognados. Falsos problemas. Un aspecto de la enseñanza del español en Brasil”, Revista de Lexicografía, XII, (2005-2006), pp. 197-207.
“Lo que vuelve el aprendizaje del español verdaderamente arduo por parte de los estudiantes brasileños son, en realidad, las palabras que suenan lo mismo, se escriben igual, significan lo mismo, pero se usan de una manera distinta. Distingo a estos efectos cuatro tipos de 'falsos amigos'. El primer tipo es el tradicional: dos palabras son casi idénticas, se escriben casi igual, se pronuncian casi igual, pero sus sentidos son diferentes”.
P. HUMBLÉ. “Falsos cognados. Falsos problemas. Un aspecto de la enseñanza del español en Brasil”, Revista de Lexicografía, XII, (2005-2006), pp. 197-207.
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