Questões de Concurso Comentadas para professor - inglês

Analyse the translations of the sentence “Don't let your confidence be shaken by minor mistakes.” .
I. Não deixe sua confiança ser abalada por erros de menor importância.
II. Não deixe sua confidência agitada por eros  pequenos.
III. Não permita que sua confiança seja mexida por erros dos jovens.
Which ones are possible?

A extensão de arquivo padrão que o aplicativo Notepad, presente no sistema operacional Windows 7 professional em português, utiliza ao salvar um arquivo é:

The man........seeing the objects before and....... us a weird story about the way he'd seen them.

No plano de aula, é revelada uma relação entre concepções de ensino e concepções de aprendizagem do professor. Ele é um instrumento destinado a orientar as decisões didáticas para facilitar a aprendizagem dos estudantes. Considere as afirmações a seguir relativas a esse plano. 
I - Os conteúdos, a adequação do ritmo e o feedback aos estudantes são decisões a serem tomadas, respectivamente, antes das aulas, durante as aulas e depois delas.  II - Numa perspectiva da Didática Sócio-Crítica, cada aula deve ser planejada de forma independente das outras.  III - As tarefas (atividades) de aprendizagem a serem desenvolvidas representam o núcleo estratégico e metodológico do planejamento.  IV - Cada aula deve ser planejada para garantir, nela, a aprendizagem e o domínio de um conceito definido nos objetivos. 
Das afirmações, estão corretas

Uma professora planeja uma atividade para ensinar um conceito científico. No plano didático de uma disciplina do ensino fundamental, estão explicitados o conteúdo e o objetivo. A estratégia didática a ser utilizada inclui as estratégias I e II reproduzidas a seguir. 
Estratégia I - Diagnosticar as ideias prévias dos estudantes sobre o novo conceito e, se as ideias são coerentes com esse conceito a ser formado, estabelecer relações não arbitrárias e significativas entre as ideias prévias e o novo conceito.  Estratégia II - Diagnosticar as ideias prévias dos estudantes sobre o novo conceito e, se as ideias não são coerentes com esse conceito a ser formado, promover a mudança das ideia prévias pela via de conflito cognitivo. 
As estratégias didáticas I e II dizem respeito, respectivamente, à teoria

Algeria turns off Internet to stop exam cheats
23rd June, 2018
Algeria has turned off its Internet all over the country to stop students cheating in high school exams. Algeria's government said it wanted to do something to stop students secretly going online during nationwide school tests. All Internet service was stopped for an hour after the start of each of the exams. The government will shut the Internet down during the whole exam season, between June 20 and June 25. In addition, all electronic devices with Internet access have been banned from the country's 2,000 exam centers. Even teachers cannot take phones into the exam halls. There were many problems in 2016 when test questions were leaked online both before and during exams. 
Algeria's Education Minister Nouria Benghabrit told the Algerian newspaper Annahar that Facebook would also be blocked across the country for the six days the exams were taking place. She said she did not like doing this but she could not do anything and give opportunities to students to cheat in tests. As an added security measure, metal detectors will be placed in all exam halls, and security cameras and mobile-phone blockers have been set up at the printing companies where the exams are printed. Many students thought the government was doing the right thing. Rania Salim, 16, said it wasn't fair that students who didn't study could get help in exams by using their mobile phone to cheat. 
Taken from: https://breakingnewsenglish.com
Read the following text about the importance of reading.
Practise your English reading skills at your level. Reading and understanding different types of texts is a very important skill for all learners of English. Reading as much as you can in English will help you to improve your level of understanding of the language and it will also help to improve your __________. Choose your level, from beginner to advanced, and start learning today by reading articles and stories. Whether you need to __________ your English reading skills for work, for studying or to be able to communicate effectively with friends, you'll find practical reading lessons and activities to help you. Choose the option which presents the words that best complete the paragraphs above, respectively. 

Ler devia ser proibido
A pensar fundo na questão, eu diria que ler devia ser proibido.
Afinal de contas, ler faz muito mal às pessoas: acorda os homens para realidades impossíveis, tornando-os incapazes de suportar o mundo insosso e ordinário em que vivem. A leitura induz à loucura, desloca o homem do humilde lugar que lhe fora destinado no corpo social. Não me deixam mentir os exemplos de Don Quixote e Madame Bovary. O primeiro, coitado, de tanto ler aventuras de cavalheiros que jamais existiram meteuse pelo mundo afora, a crer-se capaz de reformar o mundo, quilha de ossos que mal sustinha a si e ao pobre Rocinante. Quanto à pobre Emma Bovary, tornou-se esposa inútil para fofocas e bordados, perdendo-se em delírios sobre bailes e amores cortesãos.
Ler realmente não faz bem. A criança que lê pode se tornar um adulto perigoso, inconformado com os problemas do mundo, induzido a crer que tudo pode ser de outra forma. Afinal de contas, a leitura desenvolve um poder incontrolável. Liberta o homem excessivamente. Sem a leitura, ele morreria feliz, ignorante dos grilhões que o encerram. Sem a leitura, ainda, estaria mais afeito à realidade quotidiana, se dedicaria ao trabalho com afinco, sem procurar enriquecê-la com cabriolas da imaginação.
Sem ler, o homem jamais saberia a extensão do prazer. Não experimentaria nunca o sumo Bem de Aristóteles: O conhecer. Mas para que conhecer se, na maior parte dos casos, o que necessita é apenas executar ordens? Se o que deve, enfim, é fazer o que dele esperam e nada mais?
Ler pode provocar o inesperado. Pode fazer com que o homem crie atalhos para caminhos que devem, necessariamente, ser longos. Ler pode gerara invenção. Pode estimular a imaginação de forma a levar o ser humano além do que lhe é devido.
Além disso, os livros estimulam o sonho, a imaginação, a fantasia. Nos transportam a paraísos misteriosos, nos fazem enxergar unicórnios azuis e palácios de cristal. Nos fazem acreditar que a vida é mais do que um punhado de pó em movimento. Que há algo a descobrir. Há horizontes para além das montanhas, há, estrelas por trás das nuvens. Estrelas jamais percebidas. É preciso desconfiar desse pendor para o absurdo que nos impede de aceitar nossas realidades cruas.
Não, não deem mais livros às escolas. Pais, não leiam para os seus filhos, pode levá-los a desenvolver esse gosto pela aventura e pela descoberta que fez do homem um animal diferente. Antes estivesse ainda a passear de quatro patas, sem noção de progresso e civilização, mas tampouco sem conhecer guerras, destruição, violência. Professores, não contem histórias, pode estimular uma curiosidade indesejável em seres que a vida destinou para a repetição e para o trabalho duro.
Ler pode ser um problema, pode gerar seres humanos conscientes demais dos seus direitos políticos em um mundo administrado, onde ser livre não passa de uma ficção sem nenhuma verossimilhança. Seria impossível controlar e organizar a sociedade se todos os seres humanos soubessem o que desejam. Se todos se pusessem a articular bem suas demandas, a fincar sua posição no mundo, a fazer dos discursos os instrumentos de conquista de sua liberdade.
O mundo já vai por um bom caminho. Cada vez mais as pessoas leem por razões utilitárias: para compreender formulários, contratos, bulas de remédio, projetos, manuais etc. Observem as filas, um dos pequenos cancros da civilização contemporânea. Bastaria um livro para que todos se vissem magicamente transportados para outras dimensões, menos incômodas. É esse o tapete mágico, o pó de pirlimpimpim, a máquina do tempo. Para o homem que lê, não há fronteiras, não há cortes, prisões tampouco. O que é mais subversivo do que a leitura?
É preciso compreender que ler para se enriquecer culturalmente ou para se divertir deve ser um privilégio concedido apenas a alguns, jamais àqueles que desenvolvem trabalhos práticos ou manuais. Seja em filas, em metrôs, ou no silêncio da alcova... Ler deve ser coisa rara, não para qualquer um.
Afinal de contas, a leitura é um poder, e o poder é para poucos.
Para obedecer não é preciso enxergar, o silêncio é a linguagem da submissão. Para executar ordens, a palavra é inútil.
Além disso, a leitura promove a comunicação de dores, alegrias, tantos outros sentimentos... A leitura é obscena. Expõe o íntimo, torna coletivo o individual e público, o secreto, o próprio. A leitura ameaça os indivíduos, porque os faz identificar sua história a outras histórias. Torna-os capazes de compreender e aceitar o mundo do outro. Sim, a leitura devia ser proibida.
Ler pode tornar o homem perigosamente humano.
(Guiomarde Grammon)
Considere a última frase do texto para responder à questão
“Ler pode tornar o homem perigosamente humano. ” 
Sobre a palavra “perigosamente”, identifique a opção em que se faz, corretamente, uma análise morfossintática e semântica, respectivamente:

He said:.......of my fellows, I'd like to thank everyone for all you have done to improve our situation.

Factors and Problems of Teaching English as a Second Language in Rural Areas in Nepal
By Bishnu Mani Thapaliya
Jana Adarsha Multiple Campus, Birendranagar, Chitwan
With the long and varied experience of teaching English to young students in rural areas of Nepal, the columnist would like to share some of the difficulties and their probable remedies in teaching and learning English as second language. The main aim of the essay is to dispel the illusion of English language learning. This essay clearly announces the fact that English can be learnt comfortably even by the people who were born and bred up in adverse conditions.
Most of the students accomplish their schooling in their mother tongue i.e. Nepali. Though they have attained heaps of marks in core subjects, they remain very poor at English still. The students have an unknown fear and fever over English all these years. Now, let us examine some of the various factors which leave English as a souring grape for rural students even today.
To begin with, the first and the foremost factor is the socio-cultural and financial background of the family. As most of the parents are illiterate, they cannot directly take part in the daily routine of their children though they aspire for their children’s bright future. Hence, the students’ performance lacks parental supervision and guidance which is very necessary at this juncture of their education. The illiterate parents cannot realize what their children pursuing neither they do afford time to consult the teacher about the progression in studies of their children. Every minute during the day time is valuable for them as they have to struggle in earning their livelihood. The boy or girl is also sent for work on wages at the specified time of the year which affects their education very dearly.
An interesting observation identifies that the performance in English of the students whose parents are employees and belong to higher middle class is better than that of the students whose parents are illiterate and belong to lower middle class. The probable reason perhaps is that the parents in the first case can spare time to consult the teacher about the ongoing of their children once a while and can guide them if necessary. Thus there has emerged an undesirable difference between the two classes.
Consequently, it is established in rural areas as a proven fact to say that English is tough to study and understand despite the fact that English is the easiest language in the world to learn.
But it was also proved every now and then that the students from the second group also showed greater interest and expertise in English. The credit goes to the student and their teacher who was successful in inculcating curiosity among the students in spite of their financial irregularities and improper brought up. So, mere poverty cannot create a gulf between students and their English language efficiency.
The second major problem is the inefficiency of the teachers. These students generally pursue their studies in Government public schools in which the medium of instruction is Nepali, their mother tongue. The methodology of ELT in these schools is bilingual or translation method. The teachers simply translate everything into their mother tongue and explain them on the name of bilingual or translation method. Though this method offers them sound knowledge in the content, it prevents them in acquiring communication abilities in English. The teacher here plays more as a translator than a genuine English teacher. Hence, virtually, there is no much difference between a Nepali teacher and an English teacher. The English teachers at these schools are untrained and moreover they are unaware of the current trends and techniques of ELT. Most of them are ignorant of useful organizations and websites on the Internet which offer them really good down-to-earth discussions of ideas and techniques.
The reason for these unskilled English teachers may be as a result of the Government’s poor planning on ELT and empowering the teachers.
The case with many of the private English medium schools in rural areas is no better than this. The situation is even worse with them. The teachers who teach English are those who pursued their schooling in Nepali medium and failed in Intermediate and so. The columnist doesn’t consider this is the case with every organization, but with most of them. Definitely, these poor teachers make English as a nightmare to students and they instigate students to habituate by-heart method which deprives students the communication abilities in English. Thus English appeared or is rather made as a dreadful demon for long years in Nepal.
Another probable reason is the model of the English examination papers. It has not been designed in a manner that it helps students to have an authority over English language; rather it makes the students take it for granted. The examinations are content based on memorization where the students are supposed to reproduce what they have recited. Thus students are forced to adopt by-heart method. Their memory works help them more than their creativity and intelligence.
The other factor which affects English language learning is the educational system itself. There are primarily four skills involved in English language learning i.e. Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing (LSRW). The students of Nepal have been tutored and trained well enough in reading and writing for long ages. But Listening and Speaking skills which play a greater role in communication have been neglected and ignored. Thus our educational system lacks an important dimension. It enables the students to concentrate on reading and writing only. The final examination does also test them mainly on how good their memory is. The examinations are not language-oriented. Even parents are craving for hollow marks than real knowledge.
Consequently, examination-oriented teaching has been adopted in schools. Students are guided and specially trained to concentrate only on the areas where they can score better. Hence, they neglect the other two basic skills.
Listening is the one basic skill which makes speaking possible. Nobody can speak a language without listening to it. Even an infant starts speaking in a particular language after listening to it for many months. It is why an infant who is deaf by birth remains dumb too. Since s/he is not able to listen to, s/he cannot speak in it.
Thus, our young students are deprived of speaking abilities because they have not been properly guided in listening skills. This may be the proper reason why they have not been able to speak English in a proper manner. They have become adept only at writing and reading of English. There should be a comprehensive course for listening and speaking skills. The classrooms should be equipped with audiovideo materials. Student Talking Time (STT) should be maximiz
This is high time that the concerned authorities and teachers adopted an innovative culture of teaching English. Let us hope that our kids’ English will be cashed in the days to come.
(http://neltachoutari.wordpress.com/2010/06/01/factors-and-problems-of-teachingenglish-as-a-second-language-in-rural-areas-in-nepal/) 
In the utterance “The English teachers at these schools are untrained and moreover they are unaware of the current trends and techniques of ELT” (8th paragraph), the underlined word 

Factors and Problems of Teaching English as a Second Language in Rural Areas in Nepal
By Bishnu Mani Thapaliya
Jana Adarsha Multiple Campus, Birendranagar, Chitwan
With the long and varied experience of teaching English to young students in rural areas of Nepal, the columnist would like to share some of the difficulties and their probable remedies in teaching and learning English as second language. The main aim of the essay is to dispel the illusion of English language learning. This essay clearly announces the fact that English can be learnt comfortably even by the people who were born and bred up in adverse conditions.
Most of the students accomplish their schooling in their mother tongue i.e. Nepali. Though they have attained heaps of marks in core subjects, they remain very poor at English still. The students have an unknown fear and fever over English all these years. Now, let us examine some of the various factors which leave English as a souring grape for rural students even today.
To begin with, the first and the foremost factor is the socio-cultural and financial background of the family. As most of the parents are illiterate, they cannot directly take part in the daily routine of their children though they aspire for their children’s bright future. Hence, the students’ performance lacks parental supervision and guidance which is very necessary at this juncture of their education. The illiterate parents cannot realize what their children pursuing neither they do afford time to consult the teacher about the progression in studies of their children. Every minute during the day time is valuable for them as they have to struggle in earning their livelihood. The boy or girl is also sent for work on wages at the specified time of the year which affects their education very dearly.
An interesting observation identifies that the performance in English of the students whose parents are employees and belong to higher middle class is better than that of the students whose parents are illiterate and belong to lower middle class. The probable reason perhaps is that the parents in the first case can spare time to consult the teacher about the ongoing of their children once a while and can guide them if necessary. Thus there has emerged an undesirable difference between the two classes.
Consequently, it is established in rural areas as a proven fact to say that English is tough to study and understand despite the fact that English is the easiest language in the world to learn.
But it was also proved every now and then that the students from the second group also showed greater interest and expertise in English. The credit goes to the student and their teacher who was successful in inculcating curiosity among the students in spite of their financial irregularities and improper brought up. So, mere poverty cannot create a gulf between students and their English language efficiency.
The second major problem is the inefficiency of the teachers. These students generally pursue their studies in Government public schools in which the medium of instruction is Nepali, their mother tongue. The methodology of ELT in these schools is bilingual or translation method. The teachers simply translate everything into their mother tongue and explain them on the name of bilingual or translation method. Though this method offers them sound knowledge in the content, it prevents them in acquiring communication abilities in English. The teacher here plays more as a translator than a genuine English teacher. Hence, virtually, there is no much difference between a Nepali teacher and an English teacher. The English teachers at these schools are untrained and moreover they are unaware of the current trends and techniques of ELT. Most of them are ignorant of useful organizations and websites on the Internet which offer them really good down-to-earth discussions of ideas and techniques.
The reason for these unskilled English teachers may be as a result of the Government’s poor planning on ELT and empowering the teachers.
The case with many of the private English medium schools in rural areas is no better than this. The situation is even worse with them. The teachers who teach English are those who pursued their schooling in Nepali medium and failed in Intermediate and so. The columnist doesn’t consider this is the case with every organization, but with most of them. Definitely, these poor teachers make English as a nightmare to students and they instigate students to habituate by-heart method which deprives students the communication abilities in English. Thus English appeared or is rather made as a dreadful demon for long years in Nepal.
Another probable reason is the model of the English examination papers. It has not been designed in a manner that it helps students to have an authority over English language; rather it makes the students take it for granted. The examinations are content based on memorization where the students are supposed to reproduce what they have recited. Thus students are forced to adopt by-heart method. Their memory works help them more than their creativity and intelligence.
The other factor which affects English language learning is the educational system itself. There are primarily four skills involved in English language learning i.e. Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing (LSRW). The students of Nepal have been tutored and trained well enough in reading and writing for long ages. But Listening and Speaking skills which play a greater role in communication have been neglected and ignored. Thus our educational system lacks an important dimension. It enables the students to concentrate on reading and writing only. The final examination does also test them mainly on how good their memory is. The examinations are not language-oriented. Even parents are craving for hollow marks than real knowledge.
Consequently, examination-oriented teaching has been adopted in schools. Students are guided and specially trained to concentrate only on the areas where they can score better. Hence, they neglect the other two basic skills.
Listening is the one basic skill which makes speaking possible. Nobody can speak a language without listening to it. Even an infant starts speaking in a particular language after listening to it for many months. It is why an infant who is deaf by birth remains dumb too. Since s/he is not able to listen to, s/he cannot speak in it.
Thus, our young students are deprived of speaking abilities because they have not been properly guided in listening skills. This may be the proper reason why they have not been able to speak English in a proper manner. They have become adept only at writing and reading of English. There should be a comprehensive course for listening and speaking skills. The classrooms should be equipped with audiovideo materials. Student Talking Time (STT) should be maximiz
This is high time that the concerned authorities and teachers adopted an innovative culture of teaching English. Let us hope that our kids’ English will be cashed in the days to come.
(http://neltachoutari.wordpress.com/2010/06/01/factors-and-problems-of-teachingenglish-as-a-second-language-in-rural-areas-in-nepal/) 
According to the author, one of the reasons for rural students in Nepal to fail in learning English is that 

Choose the best alternative.
At this time of the year the kids are...going on vacation.

Many teachers base their lessons on a mixture of methods and approaches to meet the different needs of their learners and the different aims of lessons or courses. Factors in deciding how to teach include the age and experience of learners, lesson and course objectives, expectations and resources.
The wordAIMS in this text means:

There are a few important rules for using pronouns. In addition, it can be divided into numerous categories. There are some examples in all alternatives below, with the exception of: 

A professora Sandra elaborou um projeto de leitura a ser desenvolvido ao longo do ano junto com seus alunos. Esse projeto consistia em visitar um asilo perto da escola, onde esses alunos fariam a leitura de suas poesias preferidas aos idosos. De acordo com Perrenoud, o projeto exerce uma “pressão à transferência”, ou seja, de engajamento aluno/professor que pode ser ao mesmo tempo:
I. Afetiva.
II. Relacional.
III. Coercitiva.
IV. Cognitiva.
Quais estão corretas?

Assinale a alternativa correta, com relação aos conceitos de internet e intranet.

From question, identify the phrasal verb that best replace the word in bold type. 
They had to explain all the money that had gone missing. 

Choose the best alternative.
He's supposed to show... ... Marcia's...8 or so.

Para criar uma planilha eletrônica para facilitar o cálculo de médias de notas de seus alunos, um professor poderia utilizar o seguinte programa do MS-Office 2010:

The Yukon Quest
A thousand-mile race that's said to be the toughest race in the world
Each year, in the middle of February, up to thirty-five teams of men and animals set out from the town of Fairbanks, Alaska, or from Whitehorse, Canada, at the start of what is described as the "toughest race in the world". The Yukon Quest is the most exciting of several North American dog-sled races, taking participants over a gruelling 1000 mile course through Alaska and northern Canada.
Imagine mushing along broken snowy trails behind some of the toughest, sure-footed little athletes in the world; the only sounds to be heard are those of crunching snow, the hiss of the sled's runners, and the puffing of the team of dogs out front. This is life on the Yukon Quest, a ten-to-fourteen day dog-sled race across one of the coldest parts of the world - the northern parts of North America.
As the teams battle across the frozen wastes, temperatures can vary from freezing on the warmest of days, down to -62°C if cold weather really sets in. Hard packed snow, rough gravel, frozen rivers and mountain terrain can make the trail fast at times, or else slow to a crawl.
There are other long-distance sled-dog races; but none quite like the Yukon Quest, which follows a trail across some of the most sparsely populated and undeveloped terrain in North America. Named after the Yukon river, the Quest takes teams from Fairbanks, Alaska, to Whitehorse, Canada in even-numbered years, and the other way round over the same route in odd-numbered years - a trail once followed by miners and trappers on their way to and from the icy North.
Teams come from all over North America to take part in this the hardest of sled-dog races. Depending on the year, up to 35 teams take part - each team being composed of a "musher" and up to 14 dogs.
Training for the race is long and hard, and the teams that start out on the Quest in mid February have been training since August. Dogs and men have to be in tip-top condition, to confront the 1000 miles of the race, which take them almost up to the Arctic Circle.
Running 1000 miles - about the same as running 3 marathons a day for 11 days in a row - would be impossible for humans; but this is the challenge that faces the dogs. In order to cover up to 100 miles some days, much of the time in darkness, the teams generally alternate six to eight hour periods of running and resting - mushers sleeping on their sleds, the dogs in the snow.
Since the race was first run in 1984, teams and equipment have improved; in 1984, the winning team completed the race in just 12 days. For the next twenty-five years, winning times were mostly ten or eleven days, depending on the weather conditions. But then, in 2009 Canadian musher Sebastian Schnuelle first finished in less than 10 days; then five years later American musher Allen Moore had a winning time of under 8 days and 15 hours.
Though physical fitness is of paramount importance both for dogs and mushers, a musher needs to know his dogs perfectly before taking them out on such a gruelling test of endurance. Performance, nutritional needs, stress symptoms and other aspects of the dogs' physical and mental conditions need to be precisely assessed.
Starting with a maximum of 14 dogs, each musher has to reach the end with no fewer than 6. Vets are on hand at check-points along the route to keep detailed track of each animal's condition; but between check points, it's the musher himself who has the job of making sure that his animals remain in good form. Blood tests, urine samples, measurements of weight gain or loss and body temperature are all carefully examined, to make sure that each animal remains fit and healthy. Dogs are constantly checked for dehydration and fatigue - and if there is any doubt about an animal's ability to continue the race or not, it is dropped off at the first available opportunity.
The interdependence between a musher and his animals is total - the dogs relying totally on their musher to take care of them, and the musher depending totally on the dogs to get the sled across the snowy miles, and ultimately to the distant destination.
The Yukon Quest is probably not the only claimant to the title of "the toughest race in the world". There can be few others however - if any at all - that can have such a valid claim to this superlative.
(https://linguapress.com/advanced/yukon-quest.htm)
The underlined words in "Dogs are constantly checked for dehydration and fatigue - and if there is any doubt about an animal's ability to continue the race or not, it is dropped off at the first available opportunity" (10ᵗʰ paragraph) are formed by

Para La Taille, a questão do significado ocupa lugar central nas análises de Vygotsky sobre a linguagem. Vygotsky considera que o significado é componente essencial da palavra, sendo, ao mesmo tempo, um ato de pensamento, na medida em que o significado de uma palavra já é, em si, uma generalização. É no significado que se encontra a unidade das duas funções básicas da linguagem: