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How were the first 'voice mails' sent? In envelopes
“Hello Mother, Dad, and Blanche,” a quiet voice says above the cracks and pops of an old vinyl record, which has clearly been played many times over. “How’s everything at home? I’m recording this from Dallas…from this very little place where there are pinball machines and many other things like that…”
The disc is small, seven inches across, dated ___________ 1954. The faded green label shows that the speaker’s name is “Gene,” the recording addressed to “Folks.” Gene suggests in his minute-long message that he is traveling—“seeing America”—and tells his family not to worry about him.
“I should complete my trip sometime around Thanksgiving. I hope you received my letter and I, in turn, hope to receive some of the letters that you sent me.”
This largely forgotten sound is one of the world’s early “voice mails.” During the first half of the 20th century, these audio letters and other messages were recorded largely in booths, pressed onto metal discs and vinyl records, and mailed in places all over the world. Best known today for playing music at home, record players were then being used as a means of _____________ over long distances.
The idea of transporting a person’s voice had _________ large in the human imagination for some three centuries before it was finally achieved with the invention of the phonograph in the late 19th century. Historical documents from the Qing Dynasty in 16th-century China suggest the existence of a mysterious device called the “thousand-mile speaker,” a wooden cylinder that could be spoken into and sealed, such that the recipient could still hear the reverberations when opening it back up.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
According to the text, mark the CORRECT alternative:
How were the first 'voice mails' sent? In envelopes
“Hello Mother, Dad, and Blanche,” a quiet voice says above the cracks and pops of an old vinyl record, which has clearly been played many times over. “How’s everything at home? I’m recording this from Dallas…from this very little place where there are pinball machines and many other things like that…”
The disc is small, seven inches across, dated ___________ 1954. The faded green label shows that the speaker’s name is “Gene,” the recording addressed to “Folks.” Gene suggests in his minute-long message that he is traveling—“seeing America”—and tells his family not to worry about him.
“I should complete my trip sometime around Thanksgiving. I hope you received my letter and I, in turn, hope to receive some of the letters that you sent me.”
This largely forgotten sound is one of the world’s early “voice mails.” During the first half of the 20th century, these audio letters and other messages were recorded largely in booths, pressed onto metal discs and vinyl records, and mailed in places all over the world. Best known today for playing music at home, record players were then being used as a means of _____________ over long distances.
The idea of transporting a person’s voice had _________ large in the human imagination for some three centuries before it was finally achieved with the invention of the phonograph in the late 19th century. Historical documents from the Qing Dynasty in 16th-century China suggest the existence of a mysterious device called the “thousand-mile speaker,” a wooden cylinder that could be spoken into and sealed, such that the recipient could still hear the reverberations when opening it back up.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
Check the alternative that CORRECTLY fills the gaps in the text:
Em conformidade com a BNCC: Língua Inglesa, assinalar a alternativa que preenche a lacuna abaixo CORRETAMENTE:
As práticas de leitura em inglês promovem o desenvolvimento de estratégias de investigação sobre as formas pelas quais os contextos de produção ___________ processos de significação e reflexão crítica/problematização dos temas tratados.
A respeito da diversidade, equidade e inclusão na escola, numerar a 2ª coluna de acordo com a 1ª e, após, assinalar a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA sobre o conceito de cada prática:
(1) Diversidade.
(2) Equidade.
(3) Inclusão.
( ) É a pluralidade de culturas, identidades, formas de pensar, experiências e trajetórias que podem ser encontradas em um grupo de pessoas.
( ) Envolve um conjunto de ações que proporcionam acesso igual de participação, direitos e oportunidades a todas as pessoas.
( ) É a garantia de tratamento diferenciado em igualdade de condições e oportunidades. Ou seja, os direitos e deveres são os mesmos, mas as necessidades de cada um para exercer seu papel na sociedade são diferentes e precisam ser atendidas de forma justa.
Esse tipo de avaliação é, na maioria das vezes, sempre realizado no início de um processo para obter os dados e informações necessárias na construção do planejamento de ensino. Como se chama esse tipo de avaliação?
Sobre tecnologia e educação, analisar os itens abaixo:
I. Os computadores estão propiciando uma verdadeira revolução no processo ensino-aprendizagem.
II. Podem ser realizados diferentes tipos de abordagens de ensino, por meio do computador, devido aos inúmeros programas desenvolvidos para auxiliar o processo ensino-aprendizagem.
III. A maior contribuição do computador como meio educacional advém do fato do seu uso ter provocado o questionamento dos métodos e processos de ensino utilizados.
Está(ão) CORRETO(S):
Com relação às responsabilidades assumidas pelo poder Municipal na contribuição com o Ensino e Organização da esfera educativa, previstas na Lei nº 9.394/1996 — LDB, assinalar a alternativa CORRETA:
Assinalar a alternativa que NÃO apresenta um dígrafo:
O termo avaliação pode ser tratado conforme duas perspectivas: a de conjunto de significações individuais dos processos de classificações e exames aos quais os sujeitos são submetidos no decorrer da vida; e no domínio das experiências cotidianas, vinculadas ou não à escola e ao conjunto de significações sociais dos processos que buscam classificar, hierarquizar, verificar e calcular perdas e ganhos, aquisições e desempenhos, investimentos e retornos. Dessa forma, é que nesse último caso, pensam-se os processos de avaliação institucional e escolar, por exemplo.
Fonte: Catani, D.B; Gallego, R.C. Avaliação. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2009.
Sobre o tema avaliação, analise os itens a seguir:
I. A avaliação formativa é um tipo de avaliação comprometida com a aprendizagem dos alunos, que visa à formação e não somente à classificação destes.
II. As práticas avaliativas, em geral, obrigatoriamente, devem se restringir àquelas que gerem notas e atribuam valores classificatórios.
III. Existem diferentes tipos de avaliações, há aquelas que se relacionam com a classificação, com o diagnóstico, com a premiação, para saber onde se deve melhorar.
É correto o que se afirma em:
Considere a situação a seguir:
O(a) professor(a) de Língua Inglesa de uma escola pública municipal começa a aula pedindo aos alunos que escutem um diálogo em inglês e repitam após ele(a). Os alunos começam a se familiarizar com a pronúncia correta das palavras e a entonação da língua. Em seguida, a(o) professor(a) pede que os alunos realizem exercícios de repetição, para fixar o vocabulário aprendido. Ao final da aula, os alunos estão empolgados e confiantes para praticar a língua inglesa em situações cotidianas.
Podemos afirmar que o método empreendido pelo(a) professor(a) é o:
What is the process called when two sounds merge into one in connected speech, and which sound is often deleted or weakened in English phonology?
Which of the following options correctly represents the meaning of the phrasal verb "look up to"?
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 21 a 25.
PUCKER UP I'm a dermatologist - you've been using lip balm all wrong - here's why your pout is still chapped
(1º§)YOU might be reaching for your lip balm more and more through these winter months. But are your lips still sore and chapped, no matter how much of the stuff you slather on? According to dermatology experts, the type of balm you put on your pout might be more important than the amount.
(2º§)Dr. Mona Gohara, an associate clinical professor of dermatology at the Yale School of Medicine, and Dr. Brendan Camp, a dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology in New York, told TODAY why some lip balms could do more harm than good.
(3º§)To start with, they discussed why your lips might be chapped in the first place. The cold weather can wreak havoc on them as the skin is very thin, so they're more likely to dry out, Dr Gohara said. Meanwhile, Dr Camp noted that the delicate skin of your pout can easily be irritated by ingredients in skincare or food, yeast or bacteria, and even enzymes in saliva.
(4º§)You might also not be giving them enough love: lot's of people forget about their lips when they're moisturising their face. But if your lips are dry and chapped not long after you apply your balm, you just might be using the wrong kind.
(5º§)Four things to avoid in a lip balm:
1.Tingly balms
2. Fragrances
3. Flavouring agents
4. Dyes
(6º§)Dr Camp said these might cause allergic contact dermatitis, a type of eczema triggered by contact with a particular substance. And if your lips are dry, cracked, red, scaly and itchy, you might have developed a sensitivity to an ingredient in your lip balm, he added. Moral of the story, check your lip balm ingredients.
(7º§)Since you're doing that, there are a few ingredients that will help hydrate your pout. Dr Camp said you want to look for ingredients that will help trap water in the skin while keeping it moisturized for a long period of time. "Ingredients like beeswax, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, and shea butter are often used for this purpose," he said.
(8º§)You should also be wearing a salve with SPF to protect your lips from the sun. Meanwhile, Dr Gohara said that your ideal balm will have a combination of humectants (like hyaluronic acid and glycerin), which draw moisture into the skin, and occlusives (such as shea butter and mineral oil), which lock moisture in.
(9º§)The NHS recommended you use one containing petroleum jelly or beeswax. It said: "Try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you - some people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes or cosmetic ingredients."
(10º§)As long as you're using the right type of balm, Dr Gohara said you can apply it multiple times a day. According to Dr Camp, it's best to put on lip balm once in the morning and once before bed. There are other ways of preventing dry lips too.
(11º§)Lisa Borg, skin specialist and nutritionist at the Pulse Light Clinc, said the best thing you can do is drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Preferably quality water as opposed to dehydrating coffee and fizzy drinks, she noted.
(12º§)Lisa also recommended eating foods that simulate saliva production, such as apples, cucumbers, tomatoes, courgettes, watermelon, lemons, and crunchy fibrous vegetables like carrots and celery. Meanwhile, the NHS said you should wash your hands before applying lip balm and cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold weather. If you're outdoors, use a balm with SPF 15 or more every two hours, it added.
(13º§)Common causes of dry lips: cold weather, dry air or wind; damage from the sun; dehydration; a lip injury; allergies; and lack of vitamins and minerals. If you have sore or dry lips, you should avoid: picking or biting any flaky skin on your lips - this can slow down healing; licking dry or cracked lips - this can make them sore; and sharing lip balms with other people - this can spread germs.
(adapted) -wwrongg-pu--chappeed .uk/health/21661055/dermatologist-using-lip-balm-wrong-pout-chapped/
Choose the alternative that presents an example of anaphora.
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 21 a 25.
PUCKER UP I'm a dermatologist - you've been using lip balm all wrong - here's why your pout is still chapped
(1º§)YOU might be reaching for your lip balm more and more through these winter months. But are your lips still sore and chapped, no matter how much of the stuff you slather on? According to dermatology experts, the type of balm you put on your pout might be more important than the amount.
(2º§)Dr. Mona Gohara, an associate clinical professor of dermatology at the Yale School of Medicine, and Dr. Brendan Camp, a dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology in New York, told TODAY why some lip balms could do more harm than good.
(3º§)To start with, they discussed why your lips might be chapped in the first place. The cold weather can wreak havoc on them as the skin is very thin, so they're more likely to dry out, Dr Gohara said. Meanwhile, Dr Camp noted that the delicate skin of your pout can easily be irritated by ingredients in skincare or food, yeast or bacteria, and even enzymes in saliva.
(4º§)You might also not be giving them enough love: lot's of people forget about their lips when they're moisturising their face. But if your lips are dry and chapped not long after you apply your balm, you just might be using the wrong kind.
(5º§)Four things to avoid in a lip balm:
1.Tingly balms
2. Fragrances
3. Flavouring agents
4. Dyes
(6º§)Dr Camp said these might cause allergic contact dermatitis, a type of eczema triggered by contact with a particular substance. And if your lips are dry, cracked, red, scaly and itchy, you might have developed a sensitivity to an ingredient in your lip balm, he added. Moral of the story, check your lip balm ingredients.
(7º§)Since you're doing that, there are a few ingredients that will help hydrate your pout. Dr Camp said you want to look for ingredients that will help trap water in the skin while keeping it moisturized for a long period of time. "Ingredients like beeswax, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, and shea butter are often used for this purpose," he said.
(8º§)You should also be wearing a salve with SPF to protect your lips from the sun. Meanwhile, Dr Gohara said that your ideal balm will have a combination of humectants (like hyaluronic acid and glycerin), which draw moisture into the skin, and occlusives (such as shea butter and mineral oil), which lock moisture in.
(9º§)The NHS recommended you use one containing petroleum jelly or beeswax. It said: "Try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you - some people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes or cosmetic ingredients."
(10º§)As long as you're using the right type of balm, Dr Gohara said you can apply it multiple times a day. According to Dr Camp, it's best to put on lip balm once in the morning and once before bed. There are other ways of preventing dry lips too.
(11º§)Lisa Borg, skin specialist and nutritionist at the Pulse Light Clinc, said the best thing you can do is drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Preferably quality water as opposed to dehydrating coffee and fizzy drinks, she noted.
(12º§)Lisa also recommended eating foods that simulate saliva production, such as apples, cucumbers, tomatoes, courgettes, watermelon, lemons, and crunchy fibrous vegetables like carrots and celery. Meanwhile, the NHS said you should wash your hands before applying lip balm and cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold weather. If you're outdoors, use a balm with SPF 15 or more every two hours, it added.
(13º§)Common causes of dry lips: cold weather, dry air or wind; damage from the sun; dehydration; a lip injury; allergies; and lack of vitamins and minerals. If you have sore or dry lips, you should avoid: picking or biting any flaky skin on your lips - this can slow down healing; licking dry or cracked lips - this can make them sore; and sharing lip balms with other people - this can spread germs.
(adapted) -wwrongg-pu--chappeed .uk/health/21661055/dermatologist-using-lip-balm-wrong-pout-chapped/
Based on the text, what is the main cause of chapped lips during the winter months?
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 21 a 25.
PUCKER UP I'm a dermatologist - you've been using lip balm all wrong - here's why your pout is still chapped
(1º§)YOU might be reaching for your lip balm more and more through these winter months. But are your lips still sore and chapped, no matter how much of the stuff you slather on? According to dermatology experts, the type of balm you put on your pout might be more important than the amount.
(2º§)Dr. Mona Gohara, an associate clinical professor of dermatology at the Yale School of Medicine, and Dr. Brendan Camp, a dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology in New York, told TODAY why some lip balms could do more harm than good.
(3º§)To start with, they discussed why your lips might be chapped in the first place. The cold weather can wreak havoc on them as the skin is very thin, so they're more likely to dry out, Dr Gohara said. Meanwhile, Dr Camp noted that the delicate skin of your pout can easily be irritated by ingredients in skincare or food, yeast or bacteria, and even enzymes in saliva.
(4º§)You might also not be giving them enough love: lot's of people forget about their lips when they're moisturising their face. But if your lips are dry and chapped not long after you apply your balm, you just might be using the wrong kind.
(5º§)Four things to avoid in a lip balm:
1.Tingly balms
2. Fragrances
3. Flavouring agents
4. Dyes
(6º§)Dr Camp said these might cause allergic contact dermatitis, a type of eczema triggered by contact with a particular substance. And if your lips are dry, cracked, red, scaly and itchy, you might have developed a sensitivity to an ingredient in your lip balm, he added. Moral of the story, check your lip balm ingredients.
(7º§)Since you're doing that, there are a few ingredients that will help hydrate your pout. Dr Camp said you want to look for ingredients that will help trap water in the skin while keeping it moisturized for a long period of time. "Ingredients like beeswax, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, and shea butter are often used for this purpose," he said.
(8º§)You should also be wearing a salve with SPF to protect your lips from the sun. Meanwhile, Dr Gohara said that your ideal balm will have a combination of humectants (like hyaluronic acid and glycerin), which draw moisture into the skin, and occlusives (such as shea butter and mineral oil), which lock moisture in.
(9º§)The NHS recommended you use one containing petroleum jelly or beeswax. It said: "Try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you - some people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes or cosmetic ingredients."
(10º§)As long as you're using the right type of balm, Dr Gohara said you can apply it multiple times a day. According to Dr Camp, it's best to put on lip balm once in the morning and once before bed. There are other ways of preventing dry lips too.
(11º§)Lisa Borg, skin specialist and nutritionist at the Pulse Light Clinc, said the best thing you can do is drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Preferably quality water as opposed to dehydrating coffee and fizzy drinks, she noted.
(12º§)Lisa also recommended eating foods that simulate saliva production, such as apples, cucumbers, tomatoes, courgettes, watermelon, lemons, and crunchy fibrous vegetables like carrots and celery. Meanwhile, the NHS said you should wash your hands before applying lip balm and cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold weather. If you're outdoors, use a balm with SPF 15 or more every two hours, it added.
(13º§)Common causes of dry lips: cold weather, dry air or wind; damage from the sun; dehydration; a lip injury; allergies; and lack of vitamins and minerals. If you have sore or dry lips, you should avoid: picking or biting any flaky skin on your lips - this can slow down healing; licking dry or cracked lips - this can make them sore; and sharing lip balms with other people - this can spread germs.
(adapted) -wwrongg-pu--chappeed .uk/health/21661055/dermatologist-using-lip-balm-wrong-pout-chapped/
According to the text, it is important for people to look for lip balm ingredients that:
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 21 a 25.
PUCKER UP I'm a dermatologist - you've been using lip balm all wrong - here's why your pout is still chapped
(1º§)YOU might be reaching for your lip balm more and more through these winter months. But are your lips still sore and chapped, no matter how much of the stuff you slather on? According to dermatology experts, the type of balm you put on your pout might be more important than the amount.
(2º§)Dr. Mona Gohara, an associate clinical professor of dermatology at the Yale School of Medicine, and Dr. Brendan Camp, a dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology in New York, told TODAY why some lip balms could do more harm than good.
(3º§)To start with, they discussed why your lips might be chapped in the first place. The cold weather can wreak havoc on them as the skin is very thin, so they're more likely to dry out, Dr Gohara said. Meanwhile, Dr Camp noted that the delicate skin of your pout can easily be irritated by ingredients in skincare or food, yeast or bacteria, and even enzymes in saliva.
(4º§)You might also not be giving them enough love: lot's of people forget about their lips when they're moisturising their face. But if your lips are dry and chapped not long after you apply your balm, you just might be using the wrong kind.
(5º§)Four things to avoid in a lip balm:
1.Tingly balms
2. Fragrances
3. Flavouring agents
4. Dyes
(6º§)Dr Camp said these might cause allergic contact dermatitis, a type of eczema triggered by contact with a particular substance. And if your lips are dry, cracked, red, scaly and itchy, you might have developed a sensitivity to an ingredient in your lip balm, he added. Moral of the story, check your lip balm ingredients.
(7º§)Since you're doing that, there are a few ingredients that will help hydrate your pout. Dr Camp said you want to look for ingredients that will help trap water in the skin while keeping it moisturized for a long period of time. "Ingredients like beeswax, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, and shea butter are often used for this purpose," he said.
(8º§)You should also be wearing a salve with SPF to protect your lips from the sun. Meanwhile, Dr Gohara said that your ideal balm will have a combination of humectants (like hyaluronic acid and glycerin), which draw moisture into the skin, and occlusives (such as shea butter and mineral oil), which lock moisture in.
(9º§)The NHS recommended you use one containing petroleum jelly or beeswax. It said: "Try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you - some people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes or cosmetic ingredients."
(10º§)As long as you're using the right type of balm, Dr Gohara said you can apply it multiple times a day. According to Dr Camp, it's best to put on lip balm once in the morning and once before bed. There are other ways of preventing dry lips too.
(11º§)Lisa Borg, skin specialist and nutritionist at the Pulse Light Clinc, said the best thing you can do is drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Preferably quality water as opposed to dehydrating coffee and fizzy drinks, she noted.
(12º§)Lisa also recommended eating foods that simulate saliva production, such as apples, cucumbers, tomatoes, courgettes, watermelon, lemons, and crunchy fibrous vegetables like carrots and celery. Meanwhile, the NHS said you should wash your hands before applying lip balm and cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold weather. If you're outdoors, use a balm with SPF 15 or more every two hours, it added.
(13º§)Common causes of dry lips: cold weather, dry air or wind; damage from the sun; dehydration; a lip injury; allergies; and lack of vitamins and minerals. If you have sore or dry lips, you should avoid: picking or biting any flaky skin on your lips - this can slow down healing; licking dry or cracked lips - this can make them sore; and sharing lip balms with other people - this can spread germs.
(adapted) -wwrongg-pu--chappeed .uk/health/21661055/dermatologist-using-lip-balm-wrong-pout-chapped/
Which of the following options correctly identifies the grammatical function of "licking dry or cracked lips" (13º paragraph) in the given text?
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 21 a 25.
PUCKER UP I'm a dermatologist - you've been using lip balm all wrong - here's why your pout is still chapped
(1º§)YOU might be reaching for your lip balm more and more through these winter months. But are your lips still sore and chapped, no matter how much of the stuff you slather on? According to dermatology experts, the type of balm you put on your pout might be more important than the amount.
(2º§)Dr. Mona Gohara, an associate clinical professor of dermatology at the Yale School of Medicine, and Dr. Brendan Camp, a dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology in New York, told TODAY why some lip balms could do more harm than good.
(3º§)To start with, they discussed why your lips might be chapped in the first place. The cold weather can wreak havoc on them as the skin is very thin, so they're more likely to dry out, Dr Gohara said. Meanwhile, Dr Camp noted that the delicate skin of your pout can easily be irritated by ingredients in skincare or food, yeast or bacteria, and even enzymes in saliva.
(4º§)You might also not be giving them enough love: lot's of people forget about their lips when they're moisturising their face. But if your lips are dry and chapped not long after you apply your balm, you just might be using the wrong kind.
(5º§)Four things to avoid in a lip balm:
1.Tingly balms
2. Fragrances
3. Flavouring agents
4. Dyes
(6º§)Dr Camp said these might cause allergic contact dermatitis, a type of eczema triggered by contact with a particular substance. And if your lips are dry, cracked, red, scaly and itchy, you might have developed a sensitivity to an ingredient in your lip balm, he added. Moral of the story, check your lip balm ingredients.
(7º§)Since you're doing that, there are a few ingredients that will help hydrate your pout. Dr Camp said you want to look for ingredients that will help trap water in the skin while keeping it moisturized for a long period of time. "Ingredients like beeswax, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, and shea butter are often used for this purpose," he said.
(8º§)You should also be wearing a salve with SPF to protect your lips from the sun. Meanwhile, Dr Gohara said that your ideal balm will have a combination of humectants (like hyaluronic acid and glycerin), which draw moisture into the skin, and occlusives (such as shea butter and mineral oil), which lock moisture in.
(9º§)The NHS recommended you use one containing petroleum jelly or beeswax. It said: "Try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you - some people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes or cosmetic ingredients."
(10º§)As long as you're using the right type of balm, Dr Gohara said you can apply it multiple times a day. According to Dr Camp, it's best to put on lip balm once in the morning and once before bed. There are other ways of preventing dry lips too.
(11º§)Lisa Borg, skin specialist and nutritionist at the Pulse Light Clinc, said the best thing you can do is drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Preferably quality water as opposed to dehydrating coffee and fizzy drinks, she noted.
(12º§)Lisa also recommended eating foods that simulate saliva production, such as apples, cucumbers, tomatoes, courgettes, watermelon, lemons, and crunchy fibrous vegetables like carrots and celery. Meanwhile, the NHS said you should wash your hands before applying lip balm and cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold weather. If you're outdoors, use a balm with SPF 15 or more every two hours, it added.
(13º§)Common causes of dry lips: cold weather, dry air or wind; damage from the sun; dehydration; a lip injury; allergies; and lack of vitamins and minerals. If you have sore or dry lips, you should avoid: picking or biting any flaky skin on your lips - this can slow down healing; licking dry or cracked lips - this can make them sore; and sharing lip balms with other people - this can spread germs.
(adapted) -wwrongg-pu--chappeed .uk/health/21661055/dermatologist-using-lip-balm-wrong-pout-chapped/
According to the text, it is correct to say that:
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 1 a 7.
O peso dos ultraprocessados
Trabalhos recentes feitos no Brasil apontam uma associação estatística significativa entre o consumo em excesso de alimentos ultraprocessados e a ocorrência de mortes evitáveis, somada à aceleração do processo de declínio cognitivo na população brasileira. Um artigo publicado em novembro de 2022 na revista American Journal of Preventive Medicine estima que, em 2019, pelo menos 57 mil óbitos prematuros no país teriam sido causados pela ingestão em demasia de ultraprocessados. Outro estudo, que saiu em dezembro de 2022 na revista científica JAMA Neurology, sugere que o consumo exacerbado desse tipo de alimento acelera em 28% o declínio da cognição geral dos adultos.
Os alimentos ultraprocessados apresentam pouco do valor nutritivo de seus ingredientes originais. A categoria, genérica, abrange um conjunto de comidas às quais foram adicionados altos teores de açúcar, gordura, sal ou compostos químicos com a finalidade de aumentar sua durabilidade ou palatabilidade. Como exemplos desse tipo de alimento, figuram embutidos como salsicha, nugget de frango, bolacha recheada, refrigerante, salgadinho, sorvete e doces industrializados. Os ultraprocessados são altamente calóricos. Comer um hambúrguer congelado de 80 gramas (g), por exemplo, equivale a ingerir 25% da quantidade diária recomendada de gordura. Uma lata de refrigerante representa 12% do total de açúcar que deveria ser consumido por uma pessoa em 24 horas.
A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) define como mortes prematuras aquelas que ocorrem entre 30 e 69 anos e, portanto, não estão associadas apenas à velhice. Acidentes de carro, homicídios, quedas, envenenamentos estão entre as causas mais comuns de óbitos preveníveis, além das chamadas doenças não transmissíveis, como os problemas cardíacos, a obesidade e o câncer.
A partir de uma modelagem epidemiológica, os pesquisadores calcularam o número de mortes não naturais ligadas ao consumo de ultraprocessados no Brasil em 2019. "Nossa modelagem considera como fator de risco para a ocorrência de mortes prematuras quanto uma população consome de ultraprocessados e associa esse dado à estimativa de risco e morte por todas as causas, segundo a literatura científica internacional", explica o biólogo Eduardo Nilson, pesquisador associado ao Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, da Universidade de São Paulo (Nupens-USP) e da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), em Brasília, autor principal do primeiro estudo.
O trabalho considerou a Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar 2017-2018, feita pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), como indicador do nível de consumo de comidas ultraprocessadas no país. O levantamento estimou que o percentual diário da dieta composta por ultraprocessados varia entre 13% e 21% na população brasileira, de acordo com a idade e o sexo dos entrevistados. Esses dados, mais as informações do DataSUS, do Ministério da Saúde, permitiram estimar que cerca de 57 mil mortes prematuras estavam associadas, em 2019, ao consumo de ultraprocessados. O número equivale a 10,5% de todos os óbitos precoces de brasileiros no período. Se forem consideradas apenas as vítimas fatais atribuídas a doenças não transmissíveis, o consumo de alimentos industrializados responderia por uma fatia substancialmente maior: 21,8% dos óbitos dentro dessa categoria.
O artigo, que também contou com a colaboração de colegas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) e da Universidade Católica do Chile, projeta, ainda, como seriam três cenários em que os brasileiros diminuíssem a média total de calorias obtidas por meio do consumo desse tipo de alimento pouco saudável. Reduzir em 10% o peso desses itens na dieta evitaria 5,9 mil mortes precoces. Uma redução de 20% pouparia 12 mil óbitos. Um corte mais significativo, de 50% no consumo de ultraprocessados, implicaria 29,3 mil vidas salvas por ano.
O segundo artigo indica ter encontrado uma associação do consumo excessivo de ultraprocessados com um problema mais sutil: uma piora da performance cognitiva. O grupo investigou se uma dieta farta em comida industrializada poderia acelerar o declínio dos domínios de faculdades mentais, sobretudo das chamadas funções executivas. Além de serem importantes para o raciocínio e a capacidade de resolver problemas, essas funções regulam habilidades ligadas à autonomia, como o controle consciente de ações, pensamentos e emoções.
Os dados do trabalho foram coletados entre 2008 e 2017 pelo Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (Elsa), que conta com financiamento da FAPESP e do Ministério da Saúde. Foram analisadas informações de 10.775 pessoas, de seis cidades brasileiras - as capitais do Sudeste, além de Porto Alegre e Salvador. Todos os voluntários eram funcionários universitários ativos ou aposentados com mais de 35 anos. A média de idade de todos os participantes era de 50,6 anos. Cada voluntário foi acompanhado por oito anos, em média, e avaliado em três momentos diferentes. Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o nível de ingestão de comida industrializada.
O desempenho cognitivo de cada grupo foi colocado à prova em testes de cognição. Quem obtinha mais de 20% de suas calorias diárias comendo ultraprocessados apresentou uma taxa de declínio geral da cognição 28% mais rápida do que o grupo que retirava menos de 20% de sua energia por meio do consumo desse tipo de alimento. O declínio da função executiva, mais ligada ao controle dos pensamentos e das ações, foi 25% mais rápido nas pessoas que ingeriam muitos ultraprocessados.
Os trabalhos que exploram a associação entre dois parâmetros, como o consumo de ultraprocessados e a ocorrência de doenças ou mortes, têm limitações. Eles indicam que há fortes correlações estatísticas de que a alteração de uma variável leva a mudanças na outra. No caso, a quantidade de comida industrializada ingerida parece influenciar no aparecimento de doenças e na quantidade de mortes prematuras. Esses estudos, no entanto, não conseguem demonstrar qual seria o mecanismo por trás dessa aparente correlação.
Retirado e adaptado de: ELER, Guilherme. O peso dos ultraprocessados. Revista Pesquisa FAPESP. Disponível em: https://revistapesquisa. fapesp.br/o-peso-dos-ultraprocessados/ Acesso em: 13 mar., 2023.
Analise as afirmações a seguir a respeito dos valores semânticos apresentados em trechos de "O peso dos ultraprocessados":
I.Em "A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) define como mortes prematuras aquelas que ocorrem entre 30 e 69 anos e, portanto, não estão associadas apenas à velhice", a palavra em destaque indica uma disjunção.
II.Em "Se forem consideradas apenas as vítimas fatais atribuídas a doenças não transmissíveis, o consumo de alimentos industrializados responderia por uma fatia substancialmente maior: 21,8% dos óbitos dentro dessa categoria", a palavra em destaque indica uma alternativa.
III.Em "Esses estudos, no entanto, não conseguem demonstrar qual seria o mecanismo por trás dessa aparente correlação", a palavra em destaque indica uma oposição.
É correto o que se afirma em:
A conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Conjunctions are considered to be invariable grammar particles, and they may or may not stand between items they conjoin. Coordinating conjunctions are used to join words, phrases, or clauses that are grammatically equal. There are seven coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. They can be remembered using the acronym FANBOYS. On the other hand, subordinating conjunctions introduce a dependent clause and indicates its relation to the rest of the sentence; they may be located either at the beginning or the end of the sentence. Subordinating conjunctions may be grouped based on semantic categories. Having that in mind, match the column on the right by using the information provided in the column on the left, which is related to the semantic categories of subordinating conjunctions and their potential examples. Then, check the correct answer.
(1) REASON
(2) TIME
(3) CONDITION
(4) CONTRAST
(5) CHOICE
(6) PURPOSE OR RESULT
( ) even if, if, unless.
( ) so that, in order that, that.
( ) because, since, as, so that.
( ) than, whether, rather than.
( ) once, as soon as, while, when.
( ) whereas, even though, although.
Written language and spoken language differ in several ways. A key difference between written and spoken languages is that written language tends to be more formal and complex than spoken language. For example, written English refers to the English language one notices in texts while spoken English is what one hears and uses for conversing with others. Although both written and spoken English can be used as mediums of communication, the key difference between written and spoken English is that while written English is textbased, spoken English is not. With that in mind, read the statements that follow and check the correct answer.
I. The writing of a text is usually detached in time and space from its reading. Speaking usually takes place in immediate interaction with known listeners and with the availability of immediate feedback.
II. Writing is less permanent and more easily changed. On the other hand, speaking is fixed and stable, for it is more likely to be organized and carefully formulated.
III. Writing normally uses a generally acceptable standard variety of the language whereas speech may sometimes be informal, therefore being associated with the use of slangs and colloquialisms.
IV.Spoken language involves speaking and listening skills while written language requires writing and reading skills.
V. Spoken English is more structured than written English, for spoken language can be both formal and informal depending on the context, and written language is mostly informal.
Based on the differences presented between written and spoken English, it is possible to say that are correct.
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