Questões de Concurso para Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP

Q2121446

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121446 Inglês

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Communicating successfully in another language means shifting frames of reference, shifting norms, shifting assumptions of what can and cannot be said, what might be considered ambiguous, what should be explicit and what ought to remain tacit, and so on. In other words, using another language effectively involves more than vocabulary and structures; it involves thinking differently about language and communication.

The question is, how can we begin to understand another way of thinking, how can we be sensitized to different cultural frames, when we are in a classroom in Nebraska, Nairobi, or New South Wales? One answer, I will argue, is by reading, writing, and discussing texts. By examining the particular ways in which language is used to capture and express experiences, we not only learn a great deal about the conventions of the language, but can also begin to glimpse the beliefs and values that underlie the discourse.

The basic message is a simple one: academic language teaching must foster literacy, not only in terms of basic reading and writing skills, but also in terms of a broader discourse competence that involves the ability to interpret and critically evaluate a wide variety of written and spoken texts. Preparing students to communicate in multiple cultural contexts, both at home and abroad, means sensitizing them to discourse practices in other societies and to the ways those discourse practices both reflect and create cultural norms. I here argue that this kind of literacy is essential to real communicative ability in a language, and is therefore an indispensable goal in our efforts to prepare future generations for the challenges associated with the increased internationalization of many aspects of our society.

(Richard Kern, Literacy and language teaching. Adaptado)

The content in the text leads to a broader notion of the concept of “literacy” and, as for foreign or second language teachers, it means that they should

A

understand that, in the present globalized times, cultural literacy is more relevant than language literacy.

B

prioritize the teaching of English as Lingua Franca, since this will contribute to an expansion of the students’ cultural repertoire.

C

foster their students’ language abilities by exposing them to texts written by authors from diverse English varieties.

D

introduce students to different cultural frames, and help them identify language conventions in each.

E

challenge their students to read beyond the words in a text, and also try to “read the world”.

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Q2121445

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121445 Inglês

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Communicating successfully in another language means shifting frames of reference, shifting norms, shifting assumptions of what can and cannot be said, what might be considered ambiguous, what should be explicit and what ought to remain tacit, and so on. In other words, using another language effectively involves more than vocabulary and structures; it involves thinking differently about language and communication.

The question is, how can we begin to understand another way of thinking, how can we be sensitized to different cultural frames, when we are in a classroom in Nebraska, Nairobi, or New South Wales? One answer, I will argue, is by reading, writing, and discussing texts. By examining the particular ways in which language is used to capture and express experiences, we not only learn a great deal about the conventions of the language, but can also begin to glimpse the beliefs and values that underlie the discourse.

The basic message is a simple one: academic language teaching must foster literacy, not only in terms of basic reading and writing skills, but also in terms of a broader discourse competence that involves the ability to interpret and critically evaluate a wide variety of written and spoken texts. Preparing students to communicate in multiple cultural contexts, both at home and abroad, means sensitizing them to discourse practices in other societies and to the ways those discourse practices both reflect and create cultural norms. I here argue that this kind of literacy is essential to real communicative ability in a language, and is therefore an indispensable goal in our efforts to prepare future generations for the challenges associated with the increased internationalization of many aspects of our society.

(Richard Kern, Literacy and language teaching. Adaptado)

The first sentence in the text is rich in the use of modalization. Note the fragment “shifting assumptions of what can and cannot be said, what might be considered ambiguous, what should be explicit and what ought to remain tacit, and so on.”
It is correct to state that, in the context given,

A

“can” indicates “ability”.

B

“cannot” indicates “incapacity”.

C

“might” indicates a “possibility”.

D

“should” indicates “obligation”.

E

“ought to” indicates “necessity”.

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Q2121444

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121444 Inglês

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The teaching of English as a Lingua Franca

An inexorable trend in the use of global English is that fewer interactions now involve a native speaker. Proponents of teaching English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) suggest that the way English is taught and assessed should reflect the needs and aspirations of the ever-growing number of non-native speakers who use English to communicate with other nonnatives. Understanding how non-native speakers use English among themselves has now become a serious research area.

Different priorities in teaching English pronunciation, for example, have been defined. Teaching certain pronunciation features, such as the articulation of ‘th’ as an interdental fricative, appears to be a waste of time whereas other common pronunciation problems (such as simplifying consonant clusters) contribute to problems of understanding. Such an approach is allowing researchers to identify a ‘Lingua Franca Core’ (LFC) which provides guiding principles in creating syllabuses and assessment materials.

Unlike traditional ESL (English as Second Language), ELF focuses also on pragmatic strategies required in intercultural communication. The target model of English, within the ELF framework, is not a native speaker but a fluent bilingual speaker, who retains a national identity in terms of accent, and who also has the special skills required to negotiate understanding with another non-native speaker. Research is also beginning to show how bad some native speakers are at using English for international communication. It may be that elements of an ELF syllabus could usefully be taught within a mother tongue curriculum.

(David Graddol, English Next. Adaptado)

O aprendiz brasileiro, por influência de sua língua materna, tende a erroneamente acrescentar uma vogal a palavras em Língua Inglesa que terminam em grupo consonantal. Dessa forma, adiciona uma nova sílaba à palavra, possivelmente dificultando a compreensão. Assinale a alternativa correta contendo uma palavra que ilustraria tal fenômeno.

A

Paragraph.

B

Interactions.

C

Meaning.

D

Express.

E

Accept.

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Q2121443

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121443 Inglês

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The teaching of English as a Lingua Franca

An inexorable trend in the use of global English is that fewer interactions now involve a native speaker. Proponents of teaching English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) suggest that the way English is taught and assessed should reflect the needs and aspirations of the ever-growing number of non-native speakers who use English to communicate with other nonnatives. Understanding how non-native speakers use English among themselves has now become a serious research area.

Different priorities in teaching English pronunciation, for example, have been defined. Teaching certain pronunciation features, such as the articulation of ‘th’ as an interdental fricative, appears to be a waste of time whereas other common pronunciation problems (such as simplifying consonant clusters) contribute to problems of understanding. Such an approach is allowing researchers to identify a ‘Lingua Franca Core’ (LFC) which provides guiding principles in creating syllabuses and assessment materials.

Unlike traditional ESL (English as Second Language), ELF focuses also on pragmatic strategies required in intercultural communication. The target model of English, within the ELF framework, is not a native speaker but a fluent bilingual speaker, who retains a national identity in terms of accent, and who also has the special skills required to negotiate understanding with another non-native speaker. Research is also beginning to show how bad some native speakers are at using English for international communication. It may be that elements of an ELF syllabus could usefully be taught within a mother tongue curriculum.

(David Graddol, English Next. Adaptado)

In the fragment of the second paragraph “whereas other common pronunciation problems (such as simplifying consonant clusters) contribute to problems of understanding”, the underlined word may be correctly replaced by

A

while.

B

when.

C

because.

D

since.

E

despite.

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Q2121442

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121442 Inglês

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The teaching of English as a Lingua Franca

An inexorable trend in the use of global English is that fewer interactions now involve a native speaker. Proponents of teaching English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) suggest that the way English is taught and assessed should reflect the needs and aspirations of the ever-growing number of non-native speakers who use English to communicate with other nonnatives. Understanding how non-native speakers use English among themselves has now become a serious research area.

Different priorities in teaching English pronunciation, for example, have been defined. Teaching certain pronunciation features, such as the articulation of ‘th’ as an interdental fricative, appears to be a waste of time whereas other common pronunciation problems (such as simplifying consonant clusters) contribute to problems of understanding. Such an approach is allowing researchers to identify a ‘Lingua Franca Core’ (LFC) which provides guiding principles in creating syllabuses and assessment materials.

Unlike traditional ESL (English as Second Language), ELF focuses also on pragmatic strategies required in intercultural communication. The target model of English, within the ELF framework, is not a native speaker but a fluent bilingual speaker, who retains a national identity in terms of accent, and who also has the special skills required to negotiate understanding with another non-native speaker. Research is also beginning to show how bad some native speakers are at using English for international communication. It may be that elements of an ELF syllabus could usefully be taught within a mother tongue curriculum.

(David Graddol, English Next. Adaptado)

No que diz respeito ao ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa em escolas brasileiras, a BNCC

A

prioriza as habilidades listening e speaking, visto que o inglês como língua franca ou internacional manifesta-se primordialmente na oralidade.

B

propõe a seleção de uma determinada variedade do inglês, qualquer que seja, e, coerentemente, privilegiá-la ao longo dos anos escolares de uma turma.

C

sugere a seleção da variedade da língua inglesa de maior circulação no contexto em que o aprendiz vive, de modo a preservar sua identidade como falante.

D

relativiza noções tais como correção linguística, e privilegia a inteligibilidade e a negociação de significados nas interações entre os aprendizes.

E

sustenta que a função da aula de língua inglesa é, essencialmente, “ensinar o uso correto da língua”, já que a gramática do inglês é universal, independentemente da situação.

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Q2121441

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121441 Inglês

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The teaching of English as a Lingua Franca

An inexorable trend in the use of global English is that fewer interactions now involve a native speaker. Proponents of teaching English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) suggest that the way English is taught and assessed should reflect the needs and aspirations of the ever-growing number of non-native speakers who use English to communicate with other nonnatives. Understanding how non-native speakers use English among themselves has now become a serious research area.

Different priorities in teaching English pronunciation, for example, have been defined. Teaching certain pronunciation features, such as the articulation of ‘th’ as an interdental fricative, appears to be a waste of time whereas other common pronunciation problems (such as simplifying consonant clusters) contribute to problems of understanding. Such an approach is allowing researchers to identify a ‘Lingua Franca Core’ (LFC) which provides guiding principles in creating syllabuses and assessment materials.

Unlike traditional ESL (English as Second Language), ELF focuses also on pragmatic strategies required in intercultural communication. The target model of English, within the ELF framework, is not a native speaker but a fluent bilingual speaker, who retains a national identity in terms of accent, and who also has the special skills required to negotiate understanding with another non-native speaker. Research is also beginning to show how bad some native speakers are at using English for international communication. It may be that elements of an ELF syllabus could usefully be taught within a mother tongue curriculum.

(David Graddol, English Next. Adaptado)

According to the second and third paragraphs, in ELF contexts,

A

teaching the articulation of the interdental “th” has become utterly unimportant.

B

English clusters have been identified as the key difficulty for learners.

C

native-like manifestations of the language are not to be the main concern.

D

classroom material must be prepared in accordance with the “Lingua Franca Core”.

E

the “Lingua Franca Core” is restricted to pronunciation issues which eventually lead to miscomprehension.

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Q2121440

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121440 Inglês

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The teaching of English as a Lingua Franca

An inexorable trend in the use of global English is that fewer interactions now involve a native speaker. Proponents of teaching English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) suggest that the way English is taught and assessed should reflect the needs and aspirations of the ever-growing number of non-native speakers who use English to communicate with other nonnatives. Understanding how non-native speakers use English among themselves has now become a serious research area.

Different priorities in teaching English pronunciation, for example, have been defined. Teaching certain pronunciation features, such as the articulation of ‘th’ as an interdental fricative, appears to be a waste of time whereas other common pronunciation problems (such as simplifying consonant clusters) contribute to problems of understanding. Such an approach is allowing researchers to identify a ‘Lingua Franca Core’ (LFC) which provides guiding principles in creating syllabuses and assessment materials.

Unlike traditional ESL (English as Second Language), ELF focuses also on pragmatic strategies required in intercultural communication. The target model of English, within the ELF framework, is not a native speaker but a fluent bilingual speaker, who retains a national identity in terms of accent, and who also has the special skills required to negotiate understanding with another non-native speaker. Research is also beginning to show how bad some native speakers are at using English for international communication. It may be that elements of an ELF syllabus could usefully be taught within a mother tongue curriculum.

(David Graddol, English Next. Adaptado)

According to the author of the text,

A

standard English or more widespread varieties have become inadequate models for the teaching of English in the present, globalized world.

B

investigation findings have suggested that L1 English speakers may benefit from research on ELF syllabuses.

C

certain English language features have changed over time, and have therefore become irrelevant as teaching topics.

D

ELF should favor the development of pragmatic strategies that promote communication rather than the teaching of individual language items.

E

research on second or foreign language teaching has prioritized the way non-native speakers use the English language.

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teste

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Q2121439

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121439 Inglês

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English as a Lingua Franca

A number of researchers have studied conversations in English as a Lingua Franca and have noted a number of somewhat surprising characteristics, including:

• Non-use of third person present simple tense -s (She look very sad).

• Interchangeable use of the relative pronouns who and which (a book who, a boy which).

• Omission of articles where they are mandatory in native-speaker English.

• Increasing of redundancy by adding “inexistent” prepositions (We have to study about…, The article treats of…).

• Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (informations, staffs).

The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ - that is, negotiating shared meaning through helping each other in a more cooperative way - than, it is suggested, native speakers are when talking to second language speakers (Jenkins 2004). In other words, non-native speakers seem to be better at ELF communication than native speakers are.

(Jeremy Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. Adaptado)

The fragment from the last paragraph “negotiating shared meaning through helping each other in a more cooperative way” plays in the sentence the role of

A

a commentary

B

an explanation.

C

an exemplification.

D

a thought filler.

E

a justification.

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Q2121438

Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo - SP - Professor II de Educação Básica – Inglês |

Q2121438 Inglês