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1____It is widely acknowledged that two of the most
important factors in determining the success of an
educational system are teachers and school leaders. For the
4 most part, the teaching profession fails to attract able young
entrants in Brazil: teacher salaries are lower than those of
tertiary education careers, the profession is not socially
7 valued, and part-time contracts of limited duration are
unattractive. Selection measures are not always effective in
selecting highly-qualified candidates. Initial teaching
10 education is weak and provides limited emphasis on
practical skills, leaving many teachers unprepared for the
classroom. Once on-the-job, teachers receive limited support
13 to improve their practice. Brazilian teachers rarely benefit
from systematic induction, and often face obstacles to
participate in continuous professional development
16 opportunities.
OECD. Education in Brazil: an international perspective,
OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/60a667f7-en.
238 pgs. with adaptations.
After reading the text, choose which one of the following items is correct.
1____Despite increases in education spending over the
years, Brazil has only seen limited improvements in national
and international assessments. To sustain and accelerate
4 progresses in teaching and learning, Brazil will need to
retain current levels of education resources. However, there
is also significant scope to use resources more equitably and
7 effectively. For example, at present, Brazil invests more in
tertiary education than in ECEC, despite evidence that
access to high-quality ECEC not only contributes to better
10 learning outcomes but can also help reduce inequalities.
Even within tertiary education, funding arrangements tend
to disproportionately benefit students from advantaged
13 backgrounds.
OECD. Education in Brazil: an international perspective,
OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/60a667f7-en. 238 pgs.
with adaptations.
After reading the text, choose which one of the following items is correct.
1____Over the last few decades, Brazil has enhanced the
participation of children and young people, closing the gap,
at least in some respects, with high-performing countries.
4 Early childhood education has been expanded, enrolment in
primary education is close to universal, and around 80% of
the cohort participate in lower secondary education, with
7 well over half now progressing to upper secondary
education. Tertiary participation has also grown, and access
enhanced for the most disadvantaged. Despite major
10 advances, attainment and participation is still behind the
OECD average. Moreover, disadvantaged individuals face
barriers both in accessing and remaining in education. As a
13 result, levels of attainment and participation in education
vary significantly across Brazil’s population. While socioeconomic
background and regional differences are factors in
16 all systems, their impacts are stronger in Brazil than in many
comparable countries. Moreover, a large proportion of
18 young people do not complete education on time or at all.
OECD. Education in Brazil: an international perspective, OECD
Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/60a667f7-en. 238 pgs. with
adaptations.
After reading the text, choose which one of the following items is correct.
1____Even before the COVID-19 crisis, the social and
economic development which Brazil achieved over recent
decades had stalled and gone into reverse. Against that
4 background, the COVID-19 pandemic has deepened the
economic recession, and has hit hardest those least able to
cope with the downturn, exacerbating inequalities that still
7 place Brazil among the more unequal countries globally.
Education, the topic of this report, has played a big part in
Brazil’s progress, and has the potential to support the
10 country’s recovery.
OECD. Education in Brazil: an international perspective, OECD
Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/60a667f7-en. 238 pgs. with
adaptations.
After reading the text, choose which one of the following items is correct.
Regarding the voiced and unvoiced ‘th’ sounds /ð,θ/, identify the sequence that is incoherent.