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Q2759009
Direito Constitucional
Após um golpe de Estado no âmbito do país Alfa, foi adotada uma
nova Constituição, devidamente discutida e aprovada por uma
Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, formada com estrita
observância dos princípios democráticos.
O texto assim adotado veiculava práticas avançadas e exitosas em outras partes do mundo, sendo muito elogiável em uma perspectiva dogmática. No entanto, apesar de avançado, apresentava um profundo distanciamento em relação à base de valores, ao tradicional funcionamento das instituições e à forma de articulação do processo político, o que levou à permanente inobservância dos seus contornos estruturais.
Assinale a opção que indica, corretamente, como a Constituição do país Alfa deve ser classificada.
O texto assim adotado veiculava práticas avançadas e exitosas em outras partes do mundo, sendo muito elogiável em uma perspectiva dogmática. No entanto, apesar de avançado, apresentava um profundo distanciamento em relação à base de valores, ao tradicional funcionamento das instituições e à forma de articulação do processo político, o que levou à permanente inobservância dos seus contornos estruturais.
Assinale a opção que indica, corretamente, como a Constituição do país Alfa deve ser classificada.
Q2759007
Direito Constitucional
O Presidente da República editou a Medida Provisória nº X (MPX),
com o objetivo de complementar as dotações orçamentárias
necessárias a custear determinada política pública de viés
assistencial, considerando a insuficiência das dotações existentes.
Acresça-se que a MPX foi editada em momento no qual se
encontrava em tramitação na Câmara dos Deputados projeto de
lei versando sobre idêntica temática.
Como a MPX não foi apreciada em até quarenta e cinco dias contados de sua publicação, entrou em regime de urgência, subsequentemente, em cada uma das Casas do Congresso Nacional, vindo a ser aprovada antes do decurso do prazo total de cento e vinte dias, isto sem qualquer alteração. Desse processo legislativo resultou a Lei nº Y, promulgada no âmbito do Congresso Nacional.
Em relação a essa narrativa, à luz da sistemática constitucional, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Como a MPX não foi apreciada em até quarenta e cinco dias contados de sua publicação, entrou em regime de urgência, subsequentemente, em cada uma das Casas do Congresso Nacional, vindo a ser aprovada antes do decurso do prazo total de cento e vinte dias, isto sem qualquer alteração. Desse processo legislativo resultou a Lei nº Y, promulgada no âmbito do Congresso Nacional.
Em relação a essa narrativa, à luz da sistemática constitucional, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2759005
Direito Constitucional
Determinado legitimado à deflagração do controle concentrado de
constitucionalidade ajuizou Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade
(ADI) em face da Lei estadual nº X, que não estava produzindo
efeitos, sendo, portanto, ineficaz, o que decorria da sistemática
normativa. Para tanto, utilizou como paradigma de confronto uma
norma constitucional de eficácia limitada.
Ao serem solicitadas as informações de estilo, os órgãos responsáveis pela edição da Lei estadual nº X defenderam que esses dois aspectos obstavam o seu conhecimento.
Considerando o atual estágio de desenvolvimento do controle de constitucionalidade na realidade brasileira, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Ao serem solicitadas as informações de estilo, os órgãos responsáveis pela edição da Lei estadual nº X defenderam que esses dois aspectos obstavam o seu conhecimento.
Considerando o atual estágio de desenvolvimento do controle de constitucionalidade na realidade brasileira, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2759004
Direito Constitucional
Pascoal e Marie, ambos de nacionalidade francesa e que se
naturalizaram brasileiros, se encontravam em território belga, a
serviço de uma fábrica chinesa de conectores, quando Anne, fruto
da união do casal, nasceu. Logo após o nascimento de Anne,
ocorreu o cancelamento da naturalização de Pascoal e Marie por
força de sentença judicial transitada em julgado.
Anne, que estava residindo na França, quando completou vinte anos de idade, foi condenada pela prática de tráfico ilícito de substâncias entorpecentes, mas conseguiu fugir para o território brasileiro logo em seguida, passando a nele residir em caráter permanente. Ato contínuo, foi requerida a extradição de Anne.
À luz da sistemática constitucional, é correto afirmar que Anne
Anne, que estava residindo na França, quando completou vinte anos de idade, foi condenada pela prática de tráfico ilícito de substâncias entorpecentes, mas conseguiu fugir para o território brasileiro logo em seguida, passando a nele residir em caráter permanente. Ato contínuo, foi requerida a extradição de Anne.
À luz da sistemática constitucional, é correto afirmar que Anne
Q2759003
Direito Processual Civil - Novo Código de Processo Civil - CPC 2015
Joana Transportes S/A, concessionária de transporte público de
passageiros, ajuizou ação de procedimento comum em face do
Município Beta, poder concedente, com pedido de tutela de
urgência, requerendo a rescisão do contrato de concessão e a
condenação ao pagamento de indenização a título de danos
materiais, fundamentando-se na inadimplência do Município em
efetuar investimentos contratualmente previstos de sua
responsabilidade.
O juízo de primeira instância concedeu a tutela, decretando a rescisão contratual e imediata reversão do serviço em favor do poder concedente, para execução direta do serviço.
Ato contínuo, o Município Beta requereu a suspensão da execução da tutela de urgência, o que foi deferido pelo Presidente do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado Alfa, e interpôs agravo de instrumento em face da mesma decisão. Tal recurso foi conhecido e desprovido.
Em sede de sentença, o Juízo julgou procedente o pedido, confirmando a tutela de urgência e condenando o Município Beta ao pagamento de indenização a título de danos materiais, a ser apurado em sede de liquidação de sentença.
Na sequência, o Município Beta interpôs recurso de apelação, o qual foi conhecido e desprovido pela X Câmara Cível do Estado Alfa. Ainda inconformado, o Município interpôs recurso especial, fundamentando-se na existência de dissídio jurisprudencial sobre o tema.
Tomando o caso acima, assinale a afirmativa correta.
O juízo de primeira instância concedeu a tutela, decretando a rescisão contratual e imediata reversão do serviço em favor do poder concedente, para execução direta do serviço.
Ato contínuo, o Município Beta requereu a suspensão da execução da tutela de urgência, o que foi deferido pelo Presidente do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado Alfa, e interpôs agravo de instrumento em face da mesma decisão. Tal recurso foi conhecido e desprovido.
Em sede de sentença, o Juízo julgou procedente o pedido, confirmando a tutela de urgência e condenando o Município Beta ao pagamento de indenização a título de danos materiais, a ser apurado em sede de liquidação de sentença.
Na sequência, o Município Beta interpôs recurso de apelação, o qual foi conhecido e desprovido pela X Câmara Cível do Estado Alfa. Ainda inconformado, o Município interpôs recurso especial, fundamentando-se na existência de dissídio jurisprudencial sobre o tema.
Tomando o caso acima, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2759002
Direito Processual Civil - Novo Código de Processo Civil - CPC 2015
João, Regina e Denise debatiam acerca do processo nos tribunais,
com ênfase nos incidentes processuais lá cabíveis.
Inicialmente, João afirmou que o incidente de arguição de inconstitucionalidade não será instaurado se já houver pronunciamento do plenário do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a questão.
Por sua vez, Regina aduziu que o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas poderá ser instaurado pelo juiz ou pelo relator, por ofício.
Por fim, Denise indicou que o incidente de assunção de competência é admissível quando o julgamento do recurso envolver relevante questão de fato, com grande repercussão social e sem repetição em múltiplos processos.
Acerca do caso acima, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Inicialmente, João afirmou que o incidente de arguição de inconstitucionalidade não será instaurado se já houver pronunciamento do plenário do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a questão.
Por sua vez, Regina aduziu que o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas poderá ser instaurado pelo juiz ou pelo relator, por ofício.
Por fim, Denise indicou que o incidente de assunção de competência é admissível quando o julgamento do recurso envolver relevante questão de fato, com grande repercussão social e sem repetição em múltiplos processos.
Acerca do caso acima, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2759000
Direito Processual Civil - Novo Código de Processo Civil - CPC 2015
A Petrobras S/A, sociedade de economia mista federal, ajuizou
ação de cobrança em face da Guindastes Gigantes Ltda,
requerendo sua condenação ao pagamento de valores por serviços
não prestados na qualidade de empresa terceirizada.
O processo tramita perante a 1ª Vara Cível da Comarca de
Sertãozinho – SP.
Diante do elevado valor da causa, a União requereu sua intervenção no processo, juntando documentos que considerou essenciais ao deslinde da causa.
Após a superveniência de sentença de improcedência à pretensão da Petrobras, a União decidiu interpor recurso de apelação, pugnando pela reforma da sentença. Tomando o caso acima como premissa, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Diante do elevado valor da causa, a União requereu sua intervenção no processo, juntando documentos que considerou essenciais ao deslinde da causa.
Após a superveniência de sentença de improcedência à pretensão da Petrobras, a União decidiu interpor recurso de apelação, pugnando pela reforma da sentença. Tomando o caso acima como premissa, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2758999
Direito Administrativo
João é réu em ação por ato de improbidade administrativa proposta
pelo Município Alfa, no qual atuou como Secretário de Saúde.
O Ministério Público, autor da ação, imputou-lhe a prática de ato que, alegada e simultaneamente, causou o enriquecimento ilícito de João e violou princípios da Administração Pública, consistente na alienação de bem público sem a observância das cautelas legais. Depois de ser citado, por meio de seu advogado particular, João interpôs agravo de instrumento, pugnando pelo reconhecimento da inépcia da petição inicial e extinção do processo sem resolução do mérito, o qual não foi conhecido pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado Beta.
Após regular tramitação do feito, o Juízo, entendendo que o ato imputado a João, em verdade, gerou prejuízo ao erário, condenou o réu a efetuar o ressarcimento ao erário dos valores que causou desfalque, ao pagamento de multa civil e à suspensão dos direitos políticos pelo prazo de 5 (cinco) anos.
Sobre o caso acima, assinale a afirmativa correta.
O Ministério Público, autor da ação, imputou-lhe a prática de ato que, alegada e simultaneamente, causou o enriquecimento ilícito de João e violou princípios da Administração Pública, consistente na alienação de bem público sem a observância das cautelas legais. Depois de ser citado, por meio de seu advogado particular, João interpôs agravo de instrumento, pugnando pelo reconhecimento da inépcia da petição inicial e extinção do processo sem resolução do mérito, o qual não foi conhecido pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado Beta.
Após regular tramitação do feito, o Juízo, entendendo que o ato imputado a João, em verdade, gerou prejuízo ao erário, condenou o réu a efetuar o ressarcimento ao erário dos valores que causou desfalque, ao pagamento de multa civil e à suspensão dos direitos políticos pelo prazo de 5 (cinco) anos.
Sobre o caso acima, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2758998
Direito Processual Civil - Novo Código de Processo Civil - CPC 2015
A relação entre ações é fenômeno processual com eventual
aptidão para modificar a competência.
A respeito do assunto, assinale a afirmativa correta.
A respeito do assunto, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2758997
Direito Civil
Ângela Moreira, advogada, solteira, proprietária do imóvel
residencial sito à Rua das Flores, número 123, bairro Primavera, RJ,
na qualidade de locadora, celebrou contrato de locação do
referido imóvel com Carmen Dias, servidora pública, em união
estável com Ricardo, médico, na qualidade de locatária, pelo prazo
de 30 meses. O respectivo contrato foi averbado junto à matrícula
do imóvel. Ricardo, no 15º mês de vigência, notificou Ângela
Moreira, informando o falecimento de Carmen Dias e a
continuidade do contrato.
Poucas semanas após a notificação, Ângela Moreira vende o imóvel para Lucas Souza, empresário. Na sequência, notifica Ricardo sobre a venda do imóvel e do prazo de 90 dias para a desocupação. Ricardo, em resposta, informa que não deixará o imóvel no prazo indicado, pois o contrato ainda está em vigência e, também, porque não lhe foi assegurado o direito de preferência para a compra. Ângela Moreira contra-argumenta, afirmando que a morte de Carmen Dias promoveu a extinção automática do contrato e que, Ricardo não tem direito algum de preferência, visto que ele nunca integrou a relação locatícia.
Diante da situação hipotética narrada, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Poucas semanas após a notificação, Ângela Moreira vende o imóvel para Lucas Souza, empresário. Na sequência, notifica Ricardo sobre a venda do imóvel e do prazo de 90 dias para a desocupação. Ricardo, em resposta, informa que não deixará o imóvel no prazo indicado, pois o contrato ainda está em vigência e, também, porque não lhe foi assegurado o direito de preferência para a compra. Ângela Moreira contra-argumenta, afirmando que a morte de Carmen Dias promoveu a extinção automática do contrato e que, Ricardo não tem direito algum de preferência, visto que ele nunca integrou a relação locatícia.
Diante da situação hipotética narrada, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2758993
Direito Civil
Eduardo, proprietário de um imóvel comercial localizado no
Centro do Município do Rio de Janeiro, celebrou, em 2021,
contrato de locação com Simone, pelo prazo de vinte e quatro
meses, para exploração de uma cafeteria no local. Depois do
vencimento do prazo, a locação continuou ordinariamente.
Para a efetivação do pacto, Mônica, Lúcia e Patrícia, que são sócias minoritárias na cafeteria, participaram na condição de fiadoras. Como consequência de uma crise financeira, a locatária tornou-se inadimplente nos últimos meses.
Assim, Eduardo procurou um renomado escritório de advocacia especializado em Direito Imobiliário, informando que Mônica é a única casada pelo regime da comunhão parcial de bens com Márcio e que Simone foi contra a presença de Patrícia como fiadora.
Diante da situação hipotética, com base no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Para a efetivação do pacto, Mônica, Lúcia e Patrícia, que são sócias minoritárias na cafeteria, participaram na condição de fiadoras. Como consequência de uma crise financeira, a locatária tornou-se inadimplente nos últimos meses.
Assim, Eduardo procurou um renomado escritório de advocacia especializado em Direito Imobiliário, informando que Mônica é a única casada pelo regime da comunhão parcial de bens com Márcio e que Simone foi contra a presença de Patrícia como fiadora.
Diante da situação hipotética, com base no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Q2758991
Inglês
Texto associado
Text II
Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China
Like most blizzards, it begins with just a few white wisps swirling
about. Gradually the volume increases and the stuff starts to
accumulate on the ground. During the heaviest downfalls the air is
so thick with it as to impair visibility. But this is no winter scene. It is
what happens every April across much of northern China, when
poplar trees start giving off their cotton-like seed-pods.
The phenomenon has already begun in Beijing. On April 8th an
eddy of fluff balls wafted around the American treasury secretary,
Janet Yellen, as she held a press conference in an embassy garden.
To call this a nuisance is an understatement. In many people
the fluff triggers allergies, asthma and other respiratory problems.
Experts say the white balls—produced by the trees’ catkins—are
not themselves allergenic, but that they distribute irritating pollen.
They also clog rain gutters, drain pipes and car radiators. Worse,
they pose a fire hazard. Officials have warned that the fuzz balls have
a low ignition point and called for extreme caution on the part of
smokers, welders or anyone inclined to burn them “out of curiosity”.
China’s catkin problem is the unintended consequence of an
old effort to improve the environment. Intensive tree planting
began in the 1950s with the aim of ending the scourge of
sandstorms caused by winds sweeping out of barren areas. The
trees were also meant to firm up the soil and slow desertification.
Poplar trees, along with willows, were selected because they are
cheap, fast-growing and drought-resistant.
In some ways the plan worked. Today sandstorms are less
severe and the threat of desertification has faded. But the annual
onslaught from catkins is another legacy. Female trees are the
cotton-ball culprits. There are millions of them (poplar and willow)
in Beijing alone.
Authorities have sought to mitigate the mess. The simplest way
is to spray water on the trees, turning the fluffy flyers into damp
squibs. More advanced solutions involve “birth control”, or injecting
female trees with chemicals that suppress catkin production.
Another option is “gender-reassignment surgery”, in which branches
on female trees are cut and replaced with male grafts.
But experts say that these efforts will take time. The good
news is that the flurries of poplar fluff will only last for a few more
weeks. The bad news is that wafts of willow fluff will then begin.
From: https://www.economist.com/china/2024/04/18/examining-thefluff-that-frustrates-northern-china
The phrase “the scourge of sandstorms” (5th paragraph) leads to
the understanding that sandstorms are a(n)
Q2758990
Inglês
Texto associado
Text II
Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China
Like most blizzards, it begins with just a few white wisps swirling
about. Gradually the volume increases and the stuff starts to
accumulate on the ground. During the heaviest downfalls the air is
so thick with it as to impair visibility. But this is no winter scene. It is
what happens every April across much of northern China, when
poplar trees start giving off their cotton-like seed-pods.
The phenomenon has already begun in Beijing. On April 8th an
eddy of fluff balls wafted around the American treasury secretary,
Janet Yellen, as she held a press conference in an embassy garden.
To call this a nuisance is an understatement. In many people
the fluff triggers allergies, asthma and other respiratory problems.
Experts say the white balls—produced by the trees’ catkins—are
not themselves allergenic, but that they distribute irritating pollen.
They also clog rain gutters, drain pipes and car radiators. Worse,
they pose a fire hazard. Officials have warned that the fuzz balls have
a low ignition point and called for extreme caution on the part of
smokers, welders or anyone inclined to burn them “out of curiosity”.
China’s catkin problem is the unintended consequence of an
old effort to improve the environment. Intensive tree planting
began in the 1950s with the aim of ending the scourge of
sandstorms caused by winds sweeping out of barren areas. The
trees were also meant to firm up the soil and slow desertification.
Poplar trees, along with willows, were selected because they are
cheap, fast-growing and drought-resistant.
In some ways the plan worked. Today sandstorms are less
severe and the threat of desertification has faded. But the annual
onslaught from catkins is another legacy. Female trees are the
cotton-ball culprits. There are millions of them (poplar and willow)
in Beijing alone.
Authorities have sought to mitigate the mess. The simplest way
is to spray water on the trees, turning the fluffy flyers into damp
squibs. More advanced solutions involve “birth control”, or injecting
female trees with chemicals that suppress catkin production.
Another option is “gender-reassignment surgery”, in which branches
on female trees are cut and replaced with male grafts.
But experts say that these efforts will take time. The good
news is that the flurries of poplar fluff will only last for a few more
weeks. The bad news is that wafts of willow fluff will then begin.
From: https://www.economist.com/china/2024/04/18/examining-thefluff-that-frustrates-northern-china
“To call this a nuisance is an understatement” (3rd paragraph)
means that the problem is seen by the author as a
Q2758989
Inglês
Texto associado
Text II
Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China
Like most blizzards, it begins with just a few white wisps swirling
about. Gradually the volume increases and the stuff starts to
accumulate on the ground. During the heaviest downfalls the air is
so thick with it as to impair visibility. But this is no winter scene. It is
what happens every April across much of northern China, when
poplar trees start giving off their cotton-like seed-pods.
The phenomenon has already begun in Beijing. On April 8th an
eddy of fluff balls wafted around the American treasury secretary,
Janet Yellen, as she held a press conference in an embassy garden.
To call this a nuisance is an understatement. In many people
the fluff triggers allergies, asthma and other respiratory problems.
Experts say the white balls—produced by the trees’ catkins—are
not themselves allergenic, but that they distribute irritating pollen.
They also clog rain gutters, drain pipes and car radiators. Worse,
they pose a fire hazard. Officials have warned that the fuzz balls have
a low ignition point and called for extreme caution on the part of
smokers, welders or anyone inclined to burn them “out of curiosity”.
China’s catkin problem is the unintended consequence of an
old effort to improve the environment. Intensive tree planting
began in the 1950s with the aim of ending the scourge of
sandstorms caused by winds sweeping out of barren areas. The
trees were also meant to firm up the soil and slow desertification.
Poplar trees, along with willows, were selected because they are
cheap, fast-growing and drought-resistant.
In some ways the plan worked. Today sandstorms are less
severe and the threat of desertification has faded. But the annual
onslaught from catkins is another legacy. Female trees are the
cotton-ball culprits. There are millions of them (poplar and willow)
in Beijing alone.
Authorities have sought to mitigate the mess. The simplest way
is to spray water on the trees, turning the fluffy flyers into damp
squibs. More advanced solutions involve “birth control”, or injecting
female trees with chemicals that suppress catkin production.
Another option is “gender-reassignment surgery”, in which branches
on female trees are cut and replaced with male grafts.
But experts say that these efforts will take time. The good
news is that the flurries of poplar fluff will only last for a few more
weeks. The bad news is that wafts of willow fluff will then begin.
From: https://www.economist.com/china/2024/04/18/examining-thefluff-that-frustrates-northern-china
In “a few white wisps swirling about” (1st paragraph) the verb
indicates a movement that is
Q2758988
Inglês
Texto associado
Text II
Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China
Like most blizzards, it begins with just a few white wisps swirling
about. Gradually the volume increases and the stuff starts to
accumulate on the ground. During the heaviest downfalls the air is
so thick with it as to impair visibility. But this is no winter scene. It is
what happens every April across much of northern China, when
poplar trees start giving off their cotton-like seed-pods.
The phenomenon has already begun in Beijing. On April 8th an
eddy of fluff balls wafted around the American treasury secretary,
Janet Yellen, as she held a press conference in an embassy garden.
To call this a nuisance is an understatement. In many people
the fluff triggers allergies, asthma and other respiratory problems.
Experts say the white balls—produced by the trees’ catkins—are
not themselves allergenic, but that they distribute irritating pollen.
They also clog rain gutters, drain pipes and car radiators. Worse,
they pose a fire hazard. Officials have warned that the fuzz balls have
a low ignition point and called for extreme caution on the part of
smokers, welders or anyone inclined to burn them “out of curiosity”.
China’s catkin problem is the unintended consequence of an
old effort to improve the environment. Intensive tree planting
began in the 1950s with the aim of ending the scourge of
sandstorms caused by winds sweeping out of barren areas. The
trees were also meant to firm up the soil and slow desertification.
Poplar trees, along with willows, were selected because they are
cheap, fast-growing and drought-resistant.
In some ways the plan worked. Today sandstorms are less
severe and the threat of desertification has faded. But the annual
onslaught from catkins is another legacy. Female trees are the
cotton-ball culprits. There are millions of them (poplar and willow)
in Beijing alone.
Authorities have sought to mitigate the mess. The simplest way
is to spray water on the trees, turning the fluffy flyers into damp
squibs. More advanced solutions involve “birth control”, or injecting
female trees with chemicals that suppress catkin production.
Another option is “gender-reassignment surgery”, in which branches
on female trees are cut and replaced with male grafts.
But experts say that these efforts will take time. The good
news is that the flurries of poplar fluff will only last for a few more
weeks. The bad news is that wafts of willow fluff will then begin.
From: https://www.economist.com/china/2024/04/18/examining-thefluff-that-frustrates-northern-china
In the last paragraph, the author observes the phenomenon is
Q2758987
Inglês
Texto associado
Text II
Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China
Like most blizzards, it begins with just a few white wisps swirling
about. Gradually the volume increases and the stuff starts to
accumulate on the ground. During the heaviest downfalls the air is
so thick with it as to impair visibility. But this is no winter scene. It is
what happens every April across much of northern China, when
poplar trees start giving off their cotton-like seed-pods.
The phenomenon has already begun in Beijing. On April 8th an
eddy of fluff balls wafted around the American treasury secretary,
Janet Yellen, as she held a press conference in an embassy garden.
To call this a nuisance is an understatement. In many people
the fluff triggers allergies, asthma and other respiratory problems.
Experts say the white balls—produced by the trees’ catkins—are
not themselves allergenic, but that they distribute irritating pollen.
They also clog rain gutters, drain pipes and car radiators. Worse,
they pose a fire hazard. Officials have warned that the fuzz balls have
a low ignition point and called for extreme caution on the part of
smokers, welders or anyone inclined to burn them “out of curiosity”.
China’s catkin problem is the unintended consequence of an
old effort to improve the environment. Intensive tree planting
began in the 1950s with the aim of ending the scourge of
sandstorms caused by winds sweeping out of barren areas. The
trees were also meant to firm up the soil and slow desertification.
Poplar trees, along with willows, were selected because they are
cheap, fast-growing and drought-resistant.
In some ways the plan worked. Today sandstorms are less
severe and the threat of desertification has faded. But the annual
onslaught from catkins is another legacy. Female trees are the
cotton-ball culprits. There are millions of them (poplar and willow)
in Beijing alone.
Authorities have sought to mitigate the mess. The simplest way
is to spray water on the trees, turning the fluffy flyers into damp
squibs. More advanced solutions involve “birth control”, or injecting
female trees with chemicals that suppress catkin production.
Another option is “gender-reassignment surgery”, in which branches
on female trees are cut and replaced with male grafts.
But experts say that these efforts will take time. The good
news is that the flurries of poplar fluff will only last for a few more
weeks. The bad news is that wafts of willow fluff will then begin.
From: https://www.economist.com/china/2024/04/18/examining-thefluff-that-frustrates-northern-china
Based on the text, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE
(F).
( ) Willows and poplar trees are unsuitable to withstand extended dry periods.
( ) All possible outcomes of the 1950s environmental plans were widely predicted.
( ) Biological interventions are among the measures being considered to control the catkin problem.
The statements are, respectively,
( ) Willows and poplar trees are unsuitable to withstand extended dry periods.
( ) All possible outcomes of the 1950s environmental plans were widely predicted.
( ) Biological interventions are among the measures being considered to control the catkin problem.
The statements are, respectively,
Q2758986
Inglês
Texto associado
Text I
Energy Transition in a Transnational World
Within the sphere of environmental law, the climate crisis is
increasingly understood to be an intersectional challenge that
implicates and exacerbates existing systemic challenges and
prevailing pathways of inequality. From this vantage point climate
change also creates opportunities for rethinking the role of law in
limiting the destructive impacts of climate change and moving
towards a more sustainable and equitable world in the process.
This view is advanced by the climate justice movement, which is
swelling in influence worldwide. Drawing from the environmental
justice movement, the climate justice movement exposes not only
how social and economic inequality has led to and perpetuates
patterns of climate change, but also how climate change deepens
inequality by disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable
members of society. Climate justice seeks greater emphasis on this
issue and advocates on the part of those most affected by climate
change. The movement envisions a world which simultaneously
curtails the negative effects of climate change and reshapes
existing social, political, and economic relationships along the way.
Amidst the overlapping crises of modern times, the modern
climate justice movement is reviving dialogue at the intersection of
feminism, environmentalism, social and economic justice, and other
progressive law reform movements, as well as creating the space
and momentum for intersectional ideas to flourish. For lawyers and
legal scholars, the opportunity is to see climate change and
environmental degradation within its broader social context and to
seize upon the rule of law as a powerful tool for change.
Nowhere are these intersecting challenges as acute as in the
context of energy. One of the principal aims of the climate justice
movement is to achieve a just and equitable transition from an
extractive economy to a regenerative economy. This requires
transitioning from fossil fuel-dependent to low and zero-carbon
economies. However, the pathways for overhauling energy
systems worldwide remain indeterminate. Energy systems are
evolving in response to a combination of law and policy changes,
developments in energy technologies, and market forces.
Moreover, given both the entrenched nature of fossil fuel
economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors that shape energy transition, pathways to
decarbonization are bound to be beset with complex trade-offs,
such as those between energy security and environmental
objectives, or between energy choice and economies of scale. The
precise contours of these systemic changes vary from country to
country, and remain under-explored both within their national
contexts and from a broader transnational perspective. This
knowledge gap is critical. Understanding how, why, and to what
end states are restructuring their energy economies is essential for
transitioning to more environmentally sustainable and just
societies worldwide. In short, this is an area in need of
experimentation and iterative learning. It is a subject ripe for
greater scholarly focus, particularly at the transnational level,
where improved learning and sharing is indispensable for
achieving the global-level shifts needed to address climate change.
Adapted from: Etty, Thijs et al. “Energy Transition in a Transnational World.”
Transnational Environmental Law 10.2 (2021): 197–204. Available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/transnational-environmentallaw/article/energy-transition-in-a-transnationalworld/9F9D4229588B39C0E5916DFBE82EA046
The text concludes by stating that studies in the area are
Q2758985
Inglês
Texto associado
Text I
Energy Transition in a Transnational World
Within the sphere of environmental law, the climate crisis is
increasingly understood to be an intersectional challenge that
implicates and exacerbates existing systemic challenges and
prevailing pathways of inequality. From this vantage point climate
change also creates opportunities for rethinking the role of law in
limiting the destructive impacts of climate change and moving
towards a more sustainable and equitable world in the process.
This view is advanced by the climate justice movement, which is
swelling in influence worldwide. Drawing from the environmental
justice movement, the climate justice movement exposes not only
how social and economic inequality has led to and perpetuates
patterns of climate change, but also how climate change deepens
inequality by disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable
members of society. Climate justice seeks greater emphasis on this
issue and advocates on the part of those most affected by climate
change. The movement envisions a world which simultaneously
curtails the negative effects of climate change and reshapes
existing social, political, and economic relationships along the way.
Amidst the overlapping crises of modern times, the modern
climate justice movement is reviving dialogue at the intersection of
feminism, environmentalism, social and economic justice, and other
progressive law reform movements, as well as creating the space
and momentum for intersectional ideas to flourish. For lawyers and
legal scholars, the opportunity is to see climate change and
environmental degradation within its broader social context and to
seize upon the rule of law as a powerful tool for change.
Nowhere are these intersecting challenges as acute as in the
context of energy. One of the principal aims of the climate justice
movement is to achieve a just and equitable transition from an
extractive economy to a regenerative economy. This requires
transitioning from fossil fuel-dependent to low and zero-carbon
economies. However, the pathways for overhauling energy
systems worldwide remain indeterminate. Energy systems are
evolving in response to a combination of law and policy changes,
developments in energy technologies, and market forces.
Moreover, given both the entrenched nature of fossil fuel
economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors that shape energy transition, pathways to
decarbonization are bound to be beset with complex trade-offs,
such as those between energy security and environmental
objectives, or between energy choice and economies of scale. The
precise contours of these systemic changes vary from country to
country, and remain under-explored both within their national
contexts and from a broader transnational perspective. This
knowledge gap is critical. Understanding how, why, and to what
end states are restructuring their energy economies is essential for
transitioning to more environmentally sustainable and just
societies worldwide. In short, this is an area in need of
experimentation and iterative learning. It is a subject ripe for
greater scholarly focus, particularly at the transnational level,
where improved learning and sharing is indispensable for
achieving the global-level shifts needed to address climate change.
Adapted from: Etty, Thijs et al. “Energy Transition in a Transnational World.”
Transnational Environmental Law 10.2 (2021): 197–204. Available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/transnational-environmentallaw/article/energy-transition-in-a-transnationalworld/9F9D4229588B39C0E5916DFBE82EA046
When the authors mention “both the entrenched nature of fossil
fuel economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors” (3rd paragraph), they imply the exchanges
aiming at decarbonization may be
Q2758984
Inglês
Texto associado
Text I
Energy Transition in a Transnational World
Within the sphere of environmental law, the climate crisis is
increasingly understood to be an intersectional challenge that
implicates and exacerbates existing systemic challenges and
prevailing pathways of inequality. From this vantage point climate
change also creates opportunities for rethinking the role of law in
limiting the destructive impacts of climate change and moving
towards a more sustainable and equitable world in the process.
This view is advanced by the climate justice movement, which is
swelling in influence worldwide. Drawing from the environmental
justice movement, the climate justice movement exposes not only
how social and economic inequality has led to and perpetuates
patterns of climate change, but also how climate change deepens
inequality by disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable
members of society. Climate justice seeks greater emphasis on this
issue and advocates on the part of those most affected by climate
change. The movement envisions a world which simultaneously
curtails the negative effects of climate change and reshapes
existing social, political, and economic relationships along the way.
Amidst the overlapping crises of modern times, the modern
climate justice movement is reviving dialogue at the intersection of
feminism, environmentalism, social and economic justice, and other
progressive law reform movements, as well as creating the space
and momentum for intersectional ideas to flourish. For lawyers and
legal scholars, the opportunity is to see climate change and
environmental degradation within its broader social context and to
seize upon the rule of law as a powerful tool for change.
Nowhere are these intersecting challenges as acute as in the
context of energy. One of the principal aims of the climate justice
movement is to achieve a just and equitable transition from an
extractive economy to a regenerative economy. This requires
transitioning from fossil fuel-dependent to low and zero-carbon
economies. However, the pathways for overhauling energy
systems worldwide remain indeterminate. Energy systems are
evolving in response to a combination of law and policy changes,
developments in energy technologies, and market forces.
Moreover, given both the entrenched nature of fossil fuel
economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors that shape energy transition, pathways to
decarbonization are bound to be beset with complex trade-offs,
such as those between energy security and environmental
objectives, or between energy choice and economies of scale. The
precise contours of these systemic changes vary from country to
country, and remain under-explored both within their national
contexts and from a broader transnational perspective. This
knowledge gap is critical. Understanding how, why, and to what
end states are restructuring their energy economies is essential for
transitioning to more environmentally sustainable and just
societies worldwide. In short, this is an area in need of
experimentation and iterative learning. It is a subject ripe for
greater scholarly focus, particularly at the transnational level,
where improved learning and sharing is indispensable for
achieving the global-level shifts needed to address climate change.
Adapted from: Etty, Thijs et al. “Energy Transition in a Transnational World.”
Transnational Environmental Law 10.2 (2021): 197–204. Available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/transnational-environmentallaw/article/energy-transition-in-a-transnationalworld/9F9D4229588B39C0E5916DFBE82EA046
The verb in “curtails the negative effects” (1st paragraph)
means to
Q2758983
Inglês
Texto associado
Text I
Energy Transition in a Transnational World
Within the sphere of environmental law, the climate crisis is
increasingly understood to be an intersectional challenge that
implicates and exacerbates existing systemic challenges and
prevailing pathways of inequality. From this vantage point climate
change also creates opportunities for rethinking the role of law in
limiting the destructive impacts of climate change and moving
towards a more sustainable and equitable world in the process.
This view is advanced by the climate justice movement, which is
swelling in influence worldwide. Drawing from the environmental
justice movement, the climate justice movement exposes not only
how social and economic inequality has led to and perpetuates
patterns of climate change, but also how climate change deepens
inequality by disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable
members of society. Climate justice seeks greater emphasis on this
issue and advocates on the part of those most affected by climate
change. The movement envisions a world which simultaneously
curtails the negative effects of climate change and reshapes
existing social, political, and economic relationships along the way.
Amidst the overlapping crises of modern times, the modern
climate justice movement is reviving dialogue at the intersection of
feminism, environmentalism, social and economic justice, and other
progressive law reform movements, as well as creating the space
and momentum for intersectional ideas to flourish. For lawyers and
legal scholars, the opportunity is to see climate change and
environmental degradation within its broader social context and to
seize upon the rule of law as a powerful tool for change.
Nowhere are these intersecting challenges as acute as in the
context of energy. One of the principal aims of the climate justice
movement is to achieve a just and equitable transition from an
extractive economy to a regenerative economy. This requires
transitioning from fossil fuel-dependent to low and zero-carbon
economies. However, the pathways for overhauling energy
systems worldwide remain indeterminate. Energy systems are
evolving in response to a combination of law and policy changes,
developments in energy technologies, and market forces.
Moreover, given both the entrenched nature of fossil fuel
economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors that shape energy transition, pathways to
decarbonization are bound to be beset with complex trade-offs,
such as those between energy security and environmental
objectives, or between energy choice and economies of scale. The
precise contours of these systemic changes vary from country to
country, and remain under-explored both within their national
contexts and from a broader transnational perspective. This
knowledge gap is critical. Understanding how, why, and to what
end states are restructuring their energy economies is essential for
transitioning to more environmentally sustainable and just
societies worldwide. In short, this is an area in need of
experimentation and iterative learning. It is a subject ripe for
greater scholarly focus, particularly at the transnational level,
where improved learning and sharing is indispensable for
achieving the global-level shifts needed to address climate change.
Adapted from: Etty, Thijs et al. “Energy Transition in a Transnational World.”
Transnational Environmental Law 10.2 (2021): 197–204. Available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/transnational-environmentallaw/article/energy-transition-in-a-transnationalworld/9F9D4229588B39C0E5916DFBE82EA046
According to the text, the influence of climate justice movement
at present is
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