Questões de Concurso Para engenheiro de segurança do trabalho

        A new study suggests invasive medical procedures may be an overlooked route of microplastics exposure, raising concerns about potential health risks. Minute particles of plastic (called microplastics) are everywhere. They’ve been found in our water, in our food, and in the air we breathe, according to a 2021 scientific review. Just a year later, another study found microplastics in the human bloodstream. Now, in what researchers are calling a first, microplastics have been detected in the heart tissues of individuals who underwent cardiac surgery.

         According to the author of the research, the detection of microplastics in vivo is alarming, and more studies are necessary to investigate how the microparticles enter the cardiac tissues and the potential effects of microplastics on long-term prognosis after cardiac surgery. The author and his team used direct infrared imaging, and identified 20 to 500 micrometer-wide particles made from eight types of plastic. The scientists also found plastic particles in blood samples collected from participants. They added that “microplastics are highly likely to distribute in various organs throughout the body.”

        A fraction of the plastic pieces identified had a diameter too large to likely enter the body through inhalation or ingestion, according to the analysis. This indicated that the heart operation itself may permit direct access of microplastics to the bloodstream and tissues. The researchers cited previous scientific investigation showing that microplastics have been detected in the air in operating rooms and could directly enter a patient whose organs are exposed to the air during surgery.             

         Such large particles may also come from equipment and materials used in a heart operation, including surgical incision protective film, intravenous therapy bags, tubing, and syringes. The types of plastics detected might also offer evidence that microplastics could be introduced during surgery, which may raise the risk of heart disease.

Internet: <www.everydayhealth.com> (adapted). 

       The Business Intelligence (BI) industry has long promised a future where every worker can use data to make smarter business decisions. Although that promise continues to be out of reach for most companies, the industry has come a long way over the past few decades, and we believe we are on the cusp of a new generation of BI that will finally turn that promise into reality.

     Business Intelligence is built on an old data culture that relies on technical experts. In the early days of reporting, those experts were called IT. As technology evolved and tools became easier, the progression of BI moved to reports and dashboards delivered by new experts—analysts.

     This made analytics more accessible, but still didn’t make self-service data insights a reality across the business. Here’s why: Instead of using technology to put data in front of people where they already are working, we continue to ask people to leave their business apps and turn to dedicated tools or dashboards for answers. This process is disruptive and inefficient, and often causes users to write it off completely. Dashboards don’t have built-in analytics processes; they share information but do not provide recommended courses of action at the right moment or in a decision maker’s workflow. Business professionals want exactly that: They want a final answer and recommendations on what to do next. They would rather have data and actionable insights come in easily digestible bites versus needing to dig for answers in dashboards and reports. And the truth is they are digging; dashboards are often too broad to address multiple questions, too difficult to customize, and frankly, have too many insights.

        For analytics to advance, we must extend dashboards or deliver personalized intelligence to more decision makers. In fact, experts predict that “dashboards will be replaced with automated, conversational, mobile and dynamically generated insights customized to a user’s needs and delivered to their point of consumption. This shifts the insight knowledge from a handful of data experts to anyone in the organization.” Now, instead of wasting time jumping from where the data resides (in dashboards) to where work is done, embedded analytics enables users to do both simultaneously: get insights and take action. 

 Internet: <www.forbes.com> (adapted)

     A expectativa de vida da população brasileira ao nascer subiu no ano de 2021, segundo dados da Tábua Completa de Mortalidade de 2021 divulgados em novembro do ano passado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os dados, publicados no Diário Oficial da União, mostram que o número subiu de 76,8 para 77 anos na comparação com 2020. Anualmente, o IBGE divulga esses números para o total da população brasileira, com data de referência em 1.º de julho do ano anterior e para todas as idades, conforme prevê o artigo 2.º do Decreto n.º 3.266/1999.

      As informações sobre a expectativa de vida da população são usadas para a tomada de decisão em várias políticas públicas. Esse dado é utilizado, por exemplo, para determinar o fator previdenciário no cálculo das aposentadorias do Regime Geral de Previdência Social. Na divulgação dos números de 2020, o IBGE informou que as mortes decorrentes da pandemia de covid-19 não foram incluídas no levantamento e que essas informações só devem ser incorporadas na divulgação de 2023, referente ao ano de 2022. Mesmo assim, a inclusão seria apenas em caráter preliminar. Portanto, a divulgação seguiu a mesma metodologia do ano anterior, sem o impacto da pandemia.

         “É bem provável que em 2023 a gente tenha uma Tábua preliminar (corrigida pela covid-19) para o Brasil; para as unidades da Federação, são necessários os dados do Ministério da Saúde, que demoram um pouco mais”, explicou a demógrafa Izabel Guimarães Marri, gerente de população do IBGE na ocasião. “Em 2024, a gente vai ter a Tábua (referente a 2023) com todos os ajustes e estudos por unidades da Federação”, previu.  

Internet: <noticias.uol.com.br> (com adaptações).