Questões de Vestibular Sobre inglês

Foram encontradas 5.992 questões

Ano: 2016 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2016 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1271638 Inglês
Brazilian police arrest 12 suspected of planning terrorist acts during Olympics
Brazilian police have arrested 12 people suspected of planning terrorist acts during next month's Rio Olympics, authorities said.
The group was inspired by ISIS and mostly organized online, Justice Minister Alexandre de Moraes said. He said no specific targets were mentioned, but the Justice Ministry is still investigating the suspects' computers and cell phones to learn more about the possible plans.
De Moraes said the suspects are all Brazilian nationals, and that one minor was mentioned in the conversations.
De Moraes said the group was not an organized cell, calling it "absolutely amateur - with no preparation." The group essentially said, "Let's start training in martial arts, let's start learning how to shoot," the justice minister said.
He noted the group tried to buy a gun online, which no organized cell would do.
Raffaello Pantucci, director of international security studies at the Royal United Services Institute, said there doesn't appear to be evidence of a sophisticated plot.
But Brazil has grappled with a host of threats against the Rio Olympics, now just 11 days away.
This week, Brazil's intelligence agency said it was reviewing all threats after a jihadi messaging channel called for its followers to target the Olympics, which start August 5.
"Many (threats) are discarded and the ones that deserve attention are investigated exhaustively", the agency said.
Earlier this week, a jihadi channel on the messaging app Telegram called for attacks against the games and detailed targets and methods, according to the SITE Intelligence Group.
But Brazil has vowed it will be ready to handle any terror attempt.
A Western diplomat said venues for the games have been "hardened significantly - and I believe the government of Brazil has done what it can to make it very difficult to get into the venues here."
Brazilian forces have been working with French SWAT teams to simulate attack scenarios. In one drill, Brazil special forces and a police dog chase down an armed gunman to thwart a possible attack on Rio's subway system.
"There is not a specific threat," Lt. Gen. Luiz Linhares of Brazil's Ministry of Defense said. "You have to screen for a great (spectrum) of threat."

http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/21/americas/brazil-olympics-terror-arrests/ 
As partes grifadas do texto, repetidas abaixo, são exemplos da voz passiva, EXCETO:
Alternativas
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF-PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271512 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

Which” in the sentence “(…) the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs (…)” refers to:
Alternativas
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF-PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271511 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

When will the bongs begin again regularly?
Alternativas
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF-PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271510 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

What is the official name of the clock tower that houses the famous bell?
Alternativas
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF-PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271509 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

Why will Big Ben be silent for four years?
Alternativas
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF-PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271508 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

In the previous text, three parts of sentences have been removed. Below you will find the three removed parts PLUS one which doesn’t fit. Choose from the parts of sentences (I – IV) the one which fits each gap (1 – 3). Remember, there is one extra sentence you do not need to use. Sentences I) the House of Commons said on Monday II) events such as New Year’s Eve celebrations III) are one of the country’s most familiar sounds IV) the silencing of Big Ben for such a long period was “mad”
Now choose the correct alternative.
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: INEP Órgão: UFV-MG Prova: INEP - 2018 - UFV-MG - Vestibular - 2° Dia |
Q1271277 Inglês

Text II:

 APPLE PIE RECIPE


6 cups thinly sliced apples

3/4 cup white sugar

1 tablespoon butter

1 teaspoon ground cinnamon

1 recipe pastry for a 9-inch double-crust pie


Prepare your pastry for a two crust pie. Wipe, quarter, core, peel, and slice apples; measure to 6 cups. Combine sugar and cinnamon. The amount of sugar used depends on how tart your apples are. Arrange apples in layers in pastry lined pie plate. Sprinkle each layer with sugar and cinnamon. Dot top layer with small pieces of butter or margarine. Cover with top crust. Place on lowest rack in oven preheated to 450 degrees F (230 degrees C). Bake for 10 minutes, then reduce oven temperature to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Bake for 30 to 35 minutes longer. Serve warm or cold. Source: < https://goo.gl/N6rWtZ > Date of retrieval: June 13th, 2018.


O texto II pertence a um gênero textual conhecido pelo uso de verbos no modo imperativo, isto é, verbos que indicam ordens, pedidos, comandos, etc.
ASSINALE a alternativa que NÃO contém verbos no modo imperativo:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: INEP Órgão: UFV-MG Prova: INEP - 2018 - UFV-MG - Vestibular - 2° Dia |
Q1271276 Inglês

Text II:

 APPLE PIE RECIPE


6 cups thinly sliced apples

3/4 cup white sugar

1 tablespoon butter

1 teaspoon ground cinnamon

1 recipe pastry for a 9-inch double-crust pie


Prepare your pastry for a two crust pie. Wipe, quarter, core, peel, and slice apples; measure to 6 cups. Combine sugar and cinnamon. The amount of sugar used depends on how tart your apples are. Arrange apples in layers in pastry lined pie plate. Sprinkle each layer with sugar and cinnamon. Dot top layer with small pieces of butter or margarine. Cover with top crust. Place on lowest rack in oven preheated to 450 degrees F (230 degrees C). Bake for 10 minutes, then reduce oven temperature to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Bake for 30 to 35 minutes longer. Serve warm or cold. Source: < https://goo.gl/N6rWtZ > Date of retrieval: June 13th, 2018.


Quanto ao texto II, pode-se afirmar que ele contém:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: INEP Órgão: UFV-MG Prova: INEP - 2018 - UFV-MG - Vestibular - 2° Dia |
Q1271275 Inglês

Texto I

TRUMP-KIM SUMMIT: DONALD TRUMP VOWS TO 'END WAR GAMES' IN 'NEW HISTORY' WITH NORTH KOREA

By Ben Riley-Smith, US editor, in Singapore 13 JUNE 2018 • 8:10AM – The Telegraph 

Photo: https://goo.gl/wcMQ1V

Donald Trump unexpectedly suspended "war games" on the Korean peninsula yesterday as he convinced Kim Jong-un to back "complete denuclearisation" in a written agreement. The US has been carrying out joint military exercises for years in the region as a signal of its military alliance with Seoul (South Korea), and as a show of strength against North Korean aggression.

The US president said in a press conference after the Singapore summit: "It is a very great day, it is a very great moment, in the history of the world." He predicted Kim would start denuclearise "very quickly" and revealed that the North Korean leader had already agreed to destroy a missile engine testing site. 

The climax of Mr Trump‘s meeting with Kim — the first between a sitting North Korean and American leader — was the signing of a joint agreement. The 400-word statement followed more than four hours of talks, first between the leaders one-on-one and then with a wider group of advisers. 

It read: "President Trump and Chairman Kim Jong-un conducted a comprehensive, in-depth, and sincere exchange of opinions on the issues related to the establishment of new United States - North Korea relations and the building of a lasting and robust peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. 

The statement went on to list four specific pledges that both Mr Trump and Kim agreed to stand by: The first was that both countries would establish "new relations" in the pursuit of "peace and prosperity" — an attempt to draw a line under the insults and threats of last year. The second said that America and North Korea would "join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace regime on the Korean Peninsula". The third said that Kim‘s regime ―commits to work toward complete denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula‖ — a key demand from the Americans. And the fourth promised that the remains of fallen US soldiers who died fighting in the Korean War would be repatriated to the United States. 

Mr Trump said he "absolutely" would invite Kim to the White House and expressed enthusiasm for visiting North Korea, but said no dates had been set. Mr Trump also praised the leaders of Japan, South Korea and China as well as Kim himself for the progress made on the issue of denuclearisation. 


Source: < https://goo.gl/dEim38> Date of retrieval: June 13th, 2018.

Na frase do texto I, "a signal of its military ALLIANCE with Seoul", a palavra ALLIANCE poderia ser substituída, sem alterar seu sentido, por:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: INEP Órgão: UFV-MG Prova: INEP - 2018 - UFV-MG - Vestibular - 2° Dia |
Q1271274 Inglês

Texto I

TRUMP-KIM SUMMIT: DONALD TRUMP VOWS TO 'END WAR GAMES' IN 'NEW HISTORY' WITH NORTH KOREA

By Ben Riley-Smith, US editor, in Singapore 13 JUNE 2018 • 8:10AM – The Telegraph 

Photo: https://goo.gl/wcMQ1V

Donald Trump unexpectedly suspended "war games" on the Korean peninsula yesterday as he convinced Kim Jong-un to back "complete denuclearisation" in a written agreement. The US has been carrying out joint military exercises for years in the region as a signal of its military alliance with Seoul (South Korea), and as a show of strength against North Korean aggression.

The US president said in a press conference after the Singapore summit: "It is a very great day, it is a very great moment, in the history of the world." He predicted Kim would start denuclearise "very quickly" and revealed that the North Korean leader had already agreed to destroy a missile engine testing site. 

The climax of Mr Trump‘s meeting with Kim — the first between a sitting North Korean and American leader — was the signing of a joint agreement. The 400-word statement followed more than four hours of talks, first between the leaders one-on-one and then with a wider group of advisers. 

It read: "President Trump and Chairman Kim Jong-un conducted a comprehensive, in-depth, and sincere exchange of opinions on the issues related to the establishment of new United States - North Korea relations and the building of a lasting and robust peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. 

The statement went on to list four specific pledges that both Mr Trump and Kim agreed to stand by: The first was that both countries would establish "new relations" in the pursuit of "peace and prosperity" — an attempt to draw a line under the insults and threats of last year. The second said that America and North Korea would "join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace regime on the Korean Peninsula". The third said that Kim‘s regime ―commits to work toward complete denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula‖ — a key demand from the Americans. And the fourth promised that the remains of fallen US soldiers who died fighting in the Korean War would be repatriated to the United States. 

Mr Trump said he "absolutely" would invite Kim to the White House and expressed enthusiasm for visiting North Korea, but said no dates had been set. Mr Trump also praised the leaders of Japan, South Korea and China as well as Kim himself for the progress made on the issue of denuclearisation. 


Source: < https://goo.gl/dEim38> Date of retrieval: June 13th, 2018.

De acordo com o texto I, o compromisso que NÃO faz parte do documento assinado é:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: INEP Órgão: UFV-MG Prova: INEP - 2018 - UFV-MG - Vestibular - 2° Dia |
Q1271273 Inglês

Texto I

TRUMP-KIM SUMMIT: DONALD TRUMP VOWS TO 'END WAR GAMES' IN 'NEW HISTORY' WITH NORTH KOREA

By Ben Riley-Smith, US editor, in Singapore 13 JUNE 2018 • 8:10AM – The Telegraph 

Photo: https://goo.gl/wcMQ1V

Donald Trump unexpectedly suspended "war games" on the Korean peninsula yesterday as he convinced Kim Jong-un to back "complete denuclearisation" in a written agreement. The US has been carrying out joint military exercises for years in the region as a signal of its military alliance with Seoul (South Korea), and as a show of strength against North Korean aggression.

The US president said in a press conference after the Singapore summit: "It is a very great day, it is a very great moment, in the history of the world." He predicted Kim would start denuclearise "very quickly" and revealed that the North Korean leader had already agreed to destroy a missile engine testing site. 

The climax of Mr Trump‘s meeting with Kim — the first between a sitting North Korean and American leader — was the signing of a joint agreement. The 400-word statement followed more than four hours of talks, first between the leaders one-on-one and then with a wider group of advisers. 

It read: "President Trump and Chairman Kim Jong-un conducted a comprehensive, in-depth, and sincere exchange of opinions on the issues related to the establishment of new United States - North Korea relations and the building of a lasting and robust peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. 

The statement went on to list four specific pledges that both Mr Trump and Kim agreed to stand by: The first was that both countries would establish "new relations" in the pursuit of "peace and prosperity" — an attempt to draw a line under the insults and threats of last year. The second said that America and North Korea would "join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace regime on the Korean Peninsula". The third said that Kim‘s regime ―commits to work toward complete denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula‖ — a key demand from the Americans. And the fourth promised that the remains of fallen US soldiers who died fighting in the Korean War would be repatriated to the United States. 

Mr Trump said he "absolutely" would invite Kim to the White House and expressed enthusiasm for visiting North Korea, but said no dates had been set. Mr Trump also praised the leaders of Japan, South Korea and China as well as Kim himself for the progress made on the issue of denuclearisation. 


Source: < https://goo.gl/dEim38> Date of retrieval: June 13th, 2018.

O texto I tem como assunto principal:
Alternativas
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271227 Inglês
AI Picks Up Racial and Gender Biases When Learning from What Humans Write

AI1 picks up racial and gender biases2 when learning language from text, researchers say. Without any supervision, a machine learning algorithm learns to associate female names more with family words than career words, and black names as being more unpleasant than white names.

For a study published today in Science, researchers tested the bias of a common AI model, and then matched the results against a well-known psychological test that measures bias in humans. The team replicated in the algorithm all the psychological biases they tested, according to a study from co-author Aylin Caliskan, a post-doc at Princeton University. Because machine learning algorithms are so common, influencing everything from translation to scanning names on resumes, this research shows that the biases are pervasive, too. 

An algorithm is a set of instructions that humans write to help computers learn. Think of it like a recipe, says Zachary Lipton, an AI researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Because algorithms use existing materials — like books or text on the internet — it’s obvious that AI can pick up biases if the materials themselves are biased. (For example, Google Photos tagged black users as gorillas.) We’ve known for a while, for instance, that language algorithms learn to associate the word “man” with “professor” and the word “woman” with “assistant professor.” But this paper is interesting because it incorporates previous work done in psychology on human biases, Lipton says.

For today’s study, Caliskan’s team created a test that resembles the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is commonly used in psychology to measure how biased people are (though there has been some controversy over its accuracy). In the IAT, subjects are presented with two images — say, a white man and a black man — and words like “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” The IAT calculates how quickly you match up “white man” and “pleasant” versus “black man” and “pleasant,” and vice versa. The idea is that the longer it takes you to match up two concepts, the more trouble you have associating them.

The test developed by the researchers also calculates bias, but instead of measuring “response time”, it measures the mathematical distance between two words. In other words, if there’s a bigger numerical distance between a black name and the concept of “pleasant” than a white name and “pleasant”, the model’s association between the two isn’t as strong. The further apart the words are, the less the algorithm associates them together.

Caliskan’s team then tested their method on one particular algorithm: Global Vectors for Word Representation (GLoVe) from Stanford University. GLoVe basically crawls the web to find data and learns associations between billions of words. The researchers found that, in GLoVe, female words are more associated with arts than with math or science, and black names are seen as more unpleasant than white names. That doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with the AI system, per se, or how the AI is learning — there’s something wrong with the material.

1AI: Artificial Intelligence
2bias: prejudice; preconception

Disponível em <http://www.theverge.com/>. Acesso em: 18/04/2017.
Why does Artificial Intelligence (AI) pick up biases?
Alternativas
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271226 Inglês
AI Picks Up Racial and Gender Biases When Learning from What Humans Write

AI1 picks up racial and gender biases2 when learning language from text, researchers say. Without any supervision, a machine learning algorithm learns to associate female names more with family words than career words, and black names as being more unpleasant than white names.

For a study published today in Science, researchers tested the bias of a common AI model, and then matched the results against a well-known psychological test that measures bias in humans. The team replicated in the algorithm all the psychological biases they tested, according to a study from co-author Aylin Caliskan, a post-doc at Princeton University. Because machine learning algorithms are so common, influencing everything from translation to scanning names on resumes, this research shows that the biases are pervasive, too. 

An algorithm is a set of instructions that humans write to help computers learn. Think of it like a recipe, says Zachary Lipton, an AI researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Because algorithms use existing materials — like books or text on the internet — it’s obvious that AI can pick up biases if the materials themselves are biased. (For example, Google Photos tagged black users as gorillas.) We’ve known for a while, for instance, that language algorithms learn to associate the word “man” with “professor” and the word “woman” with “assistant professor.” But this paper is interesting because it incorporates previous work done in psychology on human biases, Lipton says.

For today’s study, Caliskan’s team created a test that resembles the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is commonly used in psychology to measure how biased people are (though there has been some controversy over its accuracy). In the IAT, subjects are presented with two images — say, a white man and a black man — and words like “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” The IAT calculates how quickly you match up “white man” and “pleasant” versus “black man” and “pleasant,” and vice versa. The idea is that the longer it takes you to match up two concepts, the more trouble you have associating them.

The test developed by the researchers also calculates bias, but instead of measuring “response time”, it measures the mathematical distance between two words. In other words, if there’s a bigger numerical distance between a black name and the concept of “pleasant” than a white name and “pleasant”, the model’s association between the two isn’t as strong. The further apart the words are, the less the algorithm associates them together.

Caliskan’s team then tested their method on one particular algorithm: Global Vectors for Word Representation (GLoVe) from Stanford University. GLoVe basically crawls the web to find data and learns associations between billions of words. The researchers found that, in GLoVe, female words are more associated with arts than with math or science, and black names are seen as more unpleasant than white names. That doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with the AI system, per se, or how the AI is learning — there’s something wrong with the material.

1AI: Artificial Intelligence
2bias: prejudice; preconception

Disponível em <http://www.theverge.com/>. Acesso em: 18/04/2017.
Com relação ao teste desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores para calcular o preconceito, assinale a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271225 Inglês
AI Picks Up Racial and Gender Biases When Learning from What Humans Write

AI1 picks up racial and gender biases2 when learning language from text, researchers say. Without any supervision, a machine learning algorithm learns to associate female names more with family words than career words, and black names as being more unpleasant than white names.

For a study published today in Science, researchers tested the bias of a common AI model, and then matched the results against a well-known psychological test that measures bias in humans. The team replicated in the algorithm all the psychological biases they tested, according to a study from co-author Aylin Caliskan, a post-doc at Princeton University. Because machine learning algorithms are so common, influencing everything from translation to scanning names on resumes, this research shows that the biases are pervasive, too. 

An algorithm is a set of instructions that humans write to help computers learn. Think of it like a recipe, says Zachary Lipton, an AI researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Because algorithms use existing materials — like books or text on the internet — it’s obvious that AI can pick up biases if the materials themselves are biased. (For example, Google Photos tagged black users as gorillas.) We’ve known for a while, for instance, that language algorithms learn to associate the word “man” with “professor” and the word “woman” with “assistant professor.” But this paper is interesting because it incorporates previous work done in psychology on human biases, Lipton says.

For today’s study, Caliskan’s team created a test that resembles the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is commonly used in psychology to measure how biased people are (though there has been some controversy over its accuracy). In the IAT, subjects are presented with two images — say, a white man and a black man — and words like “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” The IAT calculates how quickly you match up “white man” and “pleasant” versus “black man” and “pleasant,” and vice versa. The idea is that the longer it takes you to match up two concepts, the more trouble you have associating them.

The test developed by the researchers also calculates bias, but instead of measuring “response time”, it measures the mathematical distance between two words. In other words, if there’s a bigger numerical distance between a black name and the concept of “pleasant” than a white name and “pleasant”, the model’s association between the two isn’t as strong. The further apart the words are, the less the algorithm associates them together.

Caliskan’s team then tested their method on one particular algorithm: Global Vectors for Word Representation (GLoVe) from Stanford University. GLoVe basically crawls the web to find data and learns associations between billions of words. The researchers found that, in GLoVe, female words are more associated with arts than with math or science, and black names are seen as more unpleasant than white names. That doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with the AI system, per se, or how the AI is learning — there’s something wrong with the material.

1AI: Artificial Intelligence
2bias: prejudice; preconception

Disponível em <http://www.theverge.com/>. Acesso em: 18/04/2017.
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Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271224 Inglês
Com relação às expressões abaixo, assinale a alternativa correta.
written word, movable type, mass publication
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Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271223 Inglês
A evolução da comunicação é retratada com ironia no cartum. Com relação à figura e ao texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que:
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Ano: 2018 Banca: UNIMONTES Órgão: Unimontes - MG Prova: UNIMONTES - 2018 - Unimontes - MG - Vestibular - 2º Etapa |
Q1271089 Inglês
INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto que segue para responder a questão.

How cinema stigmatises mental illness
That depictions of “madness” have been dominated by horror films is revealing of the film industry’s historic insensitivity about mental health, writes Arwa Haider. 


Fonte: HAIDER, Arwa. How cinema stigmatises mental illness. Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180828-how-cinema-stigmatises-mental-illness>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2018. 

No trecho “‘The thing I liked about Maniac was that it’s about people who have their own internal struggles and are trying to fix them with a pill.’” (linhas 18-19), o pronome “them” substitui
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Ano: 2018 Banca: UNIMONTES Órgão: Unimontes - MG Prova: UNIMONTES - 2018 - Unimontes - MG - Vestibular - 2º Etapa |
Q1271088 Inglês
INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto que segue para responder a questão.

How cinema stigmatises mental illness
That depictions of “madness” have been dominated by horror films is revealing of the film industry’s historic insensitivity about mental health, writes Arwa Haider. 


Fonte: HAIDER, Arwa. How cinema stigmatises mental illness. Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180828-how-cinema-stigmatises-mental-illness>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2018. 

De acordo com o texto, podemos afirmar que:
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Ano: 2011 Banca: COPESE - IF-TM Órgão: IF-TM Prova: COPESE - IF-TM - 2011 - IF-TM - Vestibular - Prova 01 |
Q1270884 Inglês
PREJUDICE
      There is a crippling disease that no amount of medical research can cure, no amount of fundraising can prevent – a disease most often transmitted from parent to child.
          If this disease isn‟t checked in its early stages, it can be fatal. The disease is called racism. Its early symptom is the belief that one‟s racial group is somehow superior to others. This can lead to a mentality of “we” versus “them”. In advanced stages, the symptoms of racism are violence, death and destruction. The causes are fear of the foreign (xenophobia), intolerance of diversity and negative attitudes toward Jews and other minorities.
      A cure, however, exists. It‟s a non-surgical change of heart. It takes time, effort and understanding, compassion and respect.
Institute for the Healing of Racism, Utah.
Adapted from English for All, Eliana/Maria Clara/Neuza, V. 2, Saraiva, São Paulo, 2010 . p. 83.
Check what can be done for a cure of racism, except.
Alternativas
Ano: 2011 Banca: COPESE - IF-TM Órgão: IF-TM Prova: COPESE - IF-TM - 2011 - IF-TM - Vestibular - Prova 01 |
Q1270883 Inglês
PREJUDICE
      There is a crippling disease that no amount of medical research can cure, no amount of fundraising can prevent – a disease most often transmitted from parent to child.
          If this disease isn‟t checked in its early stages, it can be fatal. The disease is called racism. Its early symptom is the belief that one‟s racial group is somehow superior to others. This can lead to a mentality of “we” versus “them”. In advanced stages, the symptoms of racism are violence, death and destruction. The causes are fear of the foreign (xenophobia), intolerance of diversity and negative attitudes toward Jews and other minorities.
      A cure, however, exists. It‟s a non-surgical change of heart. It takes time, effort and understanding, compassion and respect.
Institute for the Healing of Racism, Utah.
Adapted from English for All, Eliana/Maria Clara/Neuza, V. 2, Saraiva, São Paulo, 2010 . p. 83.
Its in the sentence: “if this disease isn‟t checked in its early stages, it can be fatal”, refers to:
Alternativas
Respostas
3121: A
3122: D
3123: A
3124: D
3125: C
3126: B
3127: C
3128: D
3129: C
3130: A
3131: D
3132: B
3133: A
3134: C
3135: B
3136: D
3137: D
3138: C
3139: C
3140: E