Questões de Vestibular Sobre inglês
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The ways Mexicans tell time
Understanding this takes not a fluency in the language but rather a fluency in Mexican culture.
Mexicans are famous in the Spanish-speaking world for their extensive use of the diminutive. While in most Spanish-speaking countries the addition of the diminutive ‘ita’ to an adverb like ahora (meaning ‘now’) would strengthen it to indicate immediacy (i.e. ‘right now’), this is not the case in Mexico. Dr Company explained that Mexicans instead use the diminutive form to break down the space between the speaker and the listener and lessen formality. In this case of ‘ahorita’, the addition of the diminutive reduces urgency rather than increasing it – a difference that can be extremely confusing for foreigners.
(Disponível:<http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20170725-the-confusing-way-mexicans-tell-time>
The text illustrates:
The ways Mexicans tell time
Understanding this takes not a fluency in the language but rather a fluency in Mexican culture.
Mexicans are famous in the Spanish-speaking world for their extensive use of the diminutive. While in most Spanish-speaking countries the addition of the diminutive ‘ita’ to an adverb like ahora (meaning ‘now’) would strengthen it to indicate immediacy (i.e. ‘right now’), this is not the case in Mexico. Dr Company explained that Mexicans instead use the diminutive form to break down the space between the speaker and the listener and lessen formality. In this case of ‘ahorita’, the addition of the diminutive reduces urgency rather than increasing it – a difference that can be extremely confusing for foreigners.
(Disponível:<http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20170725-the-confusing-way-mexicans-tell-time>
Consider the following affirmatives:
1. The use of the diminutive in Mexico does not follow the same rules for other Spanish speaking countries.
2. Dr Company says that Mexicans use ‘ahorita’ to indicate immediacy.
3. The use of the diminutive in Mexico indicates more proximity between speaker and listener.
4. The ‘ahorita’ example indicates the particular way Mexicans have adapted language to their cultural patterns.
Choose the correct alternative.
factors yet to be found. (l. 31)
The expression yet to be found is used to represent an action which:
Current evidence suggests that these differences are not simply the result of recent acclimation (l. 19-20)
The underlined word above indicates that the author is cautious when he states that fact.
The sentence from the text that shows the same attitude on the author’s part is:
Emphasis can be signalled by different linguistic elements.
The underlined element that expresses emphasis is:
Human populations differ in various phenotypes (l. 5)
In relation to these phenotypes, scientists have reached the following conclusion:
The text “Lucy caiu da árvore” is about an ancestral African female. Her characteristics can be related to the studies on phenotypes presented in the text “Recent human adaptations”.
Among her characteristics, the ones that best illustrate one of these studies are:
World Cup 2014 kicks off with colourful ceremony.
Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27779059> . Acesso em: 12 jun. 2014
Pakistan army demands TV channel closure over assassination dispute
Pakistan’s army demanded the closure of the country's most popular television channel on Tuesday following allegations that the military's main intelligence agency had ordered an assassination attempt on its star journalist.
Disponível em: <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/23/pakistan-army-demands-tv-station-closure-assassination?CMP=EMCNEWEML661912> Acesso em: 23 abr. 2014.
O texto acima trata de:
Popes John XXIII and John Paul II to be made saints in historic ceremony
As many as one million people are expected in Saint Peter's Square and nearby streets of Rome to witness the canonisation of popes John XXIII and John Paul II later today.
Disponível: <http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-27/an-two-popes-to-be-made-saints/5413850>. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2014.
O texto acima trata de:
Heartburn drug Motilium should be restricted due to heart deaths, says medicines regulator
Around two million people were prescribed Motilium, also known as domperidone, for sickness and nausea symptoms, stomach conditions and heartburn. Now following a review at European level, the drug will be restricted for those with sickness and nausea only. […] The drug is widely prescribed by GPs for babies with severe reflux and can continue to be used in this way under caution and when the doctor has carefully calculated the dose according to the child's weight and is satisfied they do not have a heart condition, a spokesman for the drugs regulator said.
Disponível em: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/10788459/Heartburn-drug-Motilium-should-be-restricted-due-to-heart-deaths-says-medicines-regulator.html. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2014.
O texto trata de:
Using e-cigarettes in the office is becoming a burning issue.
Some UK employers have already banned 'vapers' from using e-cigs at their desk – but there is no legal reason to do so
Disponível em: <http://www.theguardian.com/money/work-blog/2014/jun/03/e-cigarette-office-smoking-vaping-tobacco> . Acesso em: 03 jun. 2014.
No texto acima, as palavras em destaque são,
respectivamente, categorizadas:
King Juan Carlos's democratic legacy is rooted in cliche
The Spanish king had no choice but to champion democracy. We should remember the part played by ordinary people
Disponível:: <http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/03/king-juan-carlos-legacy-spaincliche-democracy> . Acesso em: 03 jun. 2014.
No texto acima, os termos grifados correspondem,
respectivamente, aos elementos gramaticais:
Dinosaurs fit in an intermediate class between warm and cold blooded animals, a study in the journal Science claims.
Scientists compared the growth rates of hundreds of living and extinct species, using growth rings and bone size to calculate the rates for dinosaurs.
Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27794723> . Acesso em: 12 jun. 2014.
No texto, os trechos grifados correspondem a que categoria
gramatical:
Writers use different strategies in order to try to form more effective alliances with readers.
The resource used in the last paragraph to establish this alliance is in the use of:
The ideas expressed in a text might be perceived as true because of the choice and repetition of a specific tense.
The verb tense that makes the ideas in the text seem true is:
We have learned, though, that this social engineering is a phantasm, (l. 17)
Nevertheless, despite this, and maybe even because of it, we cannot give up trying the impossible: (l. 21-22)
The connectives underlined express the same notion.
They could be replaced by:
and non‑conformist doubts produce suspicion. (l. 11-12)
Two words whose prefixes are semantically similar to the prefix in non-conformist are present in:
A vision based on ideologies solves both challenges of sharing _ the interpretation of the past and the projections of the future. (l. 4-5)
The punctuation mark called dash, in the fragment above, signals the introduction of an explanation.
The dash is equivalent to the following connective:
The author criticizes the first vision of negotiation of difference in society.
This criticism is related to ideologies having the following characteristic:
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