Questões de Vestibular Sobre inglês

Foram encontradas 5.992 questões

Ano: 2013 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2013 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582642 Inglês
                             Why I took up the cello in my 60s

Michelle Hanson

Learning to play a musical instrument at any point in life is good for the brain. Who cares if I sound like a 'sick cow'?

                                   

It's exciting to know that I have done something right and rewarding – taking up the cello in my 60s. A new study from St. Andrew's University proves it. Taking up a musical instrument, even late in life, is good for the brain, and “can slow, stop, or even reverse, age or illness-related decline in mental functions". Hurrah!

My efforts have been rewarded, because starting the cello was a bit of a struggle, physically and mentally. Back then, my mother was alive, and rather critical: “You sound like a sick cow," she would cry out in a tormented way, but I persisted, joined an orchestra, and now here I am, with a bigger frontal cortex area than I might have otherwise had, and able to “adjust my behaviour more effectively in conflict-rich situations".

The more you practise the better, suggests the research. Good. It will spur me on, sick cow or not. Because I desperately need to keep my brain in order. Don't we all, if we're going to live to over 100? Last week I went for a walk with an old friend of mine and her dog. She is 92 and browned off.

“How are you?" I asked. “Fed up. I want to die." This was my mother's primary aim once she hit 96. “What do you want for your birthday?" we would ask. “To be dead!", she would say. No wonder. What else did life offer? At least my old friend could walk about. My mother could hardly walk, talk or eat.

If only they had played a musical instrument. You can do it sitting down, on your own, with friends, cheer yourself up, be in control, or wildly emotional. I cannot recommend it highly enough.

Fonte: http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/sep/ 30/why-i-took-up-cello-in-60s

Glossário

took up: aprendi; struggle: luta/muito esforço; spur me on: encorajar/estimular; browned off: sem entusiasmo
The author's mother's attitude concerning her taking up the cello was:
Alternativas
Ano: 2013 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2013 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582641 Inglês
                             Why I took up the cello in my 60s

Michelle Hanson

Learning to play a musical instrument at any point in life is good for the brain. Who cares if I sound like a 'sick cow'?

                                   

It's exciting to know that I have done something right and rewarding – taking up the cello in my 60s. A new study from St. Andrew's University proves it. Taking up a musical instrument, even late in life, is good for the brain, and “can slow, stop, or even reverse, age or illness-related decline in mental functions". Hurrah!

My efforts have been rewarded, because starting the cello was a bit of a struggle, physically and mentally. Back then, my mother was alive, and rather critical: “You sound like a sick cow," she would cry out in a tormented way, but I persisted, joined an orchestra, and now here I am, with a bigger frontal cortex area than I might have otherwise had, and able to “adjust my behaviour more effectively in conflict-rich situations".

The more you practise the better, suggests the research. Good. It will spur me on, sick cow or not. Because I desperately need to keep my brain in order. Don't we all, if we're going to live to over 100? Last week I went for a walk with an old friend of mine and her dog. She is 92 and browned off.

“How are you?" I asked. “Fed up. I want to die." This was my mother's primary aim once she hit 96. “What do you want for your birthday?" we would ask. “To be dead!", she would say. No wonder. What else did life offer? At least my old friend could walk about. My mother could hardly walk, talk or eat.

If only they had played a musical instrument. You can do it sitting down, on your own, with friends, cheer yourself up, be in control, or wildly emotional. I cannot recommend it highly enough.

Fonte: http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/sep/ 30/why-i-took-up-cello-in-60s

Glossário

took up: aprendi; struggle: luta/muito esforço; spur me on: encorajar/estimular; browned off: sem entusiasmo
Research carried out at St. Andrews University has shown that learning how to play a musical instrument can:
Alternativas
Ano: 2014 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2014 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582605 Inglês

                           Alice Munro’s road to Nobel literature prize was not easy

                                                   

                                         Nobel literature prize winner Alice Munro.

Alice Munro has been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in literature, thus becoming its 13th female recipient. It’s a thrilling honour for a major writer: Munro has long been recognised in North America and the UK, but the Nobel will draw international attention, not only to women’s writing and Canadian writing, but to the short story, Munro’s chosen literary genre and one often neglected.

The road to the Nobel wasn’t an easy one for Munro. She found herself referred to as “some housewife”, and was told that her subject matter, being too “domestic”, was boring. A male writer told her she wrote good stories, but he wouldn’t want to sleep with her. “Nobody invited him,” said Munro. Maybe as a consequence of this initial reaction towards her, when writers occur in Munro stories, they are pretentious, or exploitative of others; or they’re being asked by their relatives why they aren’t famous, or – worse, if female – why they aren’t better-looking.

The chances that a literary star would emerge from her time and place would once have been zero. Munro was born in 1931, and thus experienced the Depression as a child and the Second World War as a teenager. This was in south-western Ontario, Canada, a region that also produced equally talented writers and poets such as Robertson Davies, Graeme Gibson, James Reaney, and Marian Engel. It’s this small-town setting that features most often in her stories – the snobberies, the eccentrics, and the jeering at ambitions, especially artistic ones.

Shame is a common driving force for Munro’s characters just as perfectionism in the writing and courage in her profession have been driving forces for her.

As in much else, Munro is essentially Canadian. Faced with the Nobel, she will be modest, she won’t get a swelled head. The rest of us, on this magnificent occasion, will just have to do that for her.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/oct/10/alicemunro-wins-nobel-prize-in-literature

Glossary
thrilling: emocionante; subject matter: assunto; better-looking: mais bonitas; setting: cenário; jeering: deboche; shame: vergonha; driving force: força propulsora; get a swelled head: ficar convencida, cheia de si

Answer the following questions:

Besides Alice Munro's talent and courage, what other quality of this Nobel Prize winner is emphasized in the article?


Alternativas
Ano: 2014 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2014 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582604 Inglês

                           Alice Munro’s road to Nobel literature prize was not easy

                                                   

                                         Nobel literature prize winner Alice Munro.

Alice Munro has been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in literature, thus becoming its 13th female recipient. It’s a thrilling honour for a major writer: Munro has long been recognised in North America and the UK, but the Nobel will draw international attention, not only to women’s writing and Canadian writing, but to the short story, Munro’s chosen literary genre and one often neglected.

The road to the Nobel wasn’t an easy one for Munro. She found herself referred to as “some housewife”, and was told that her subject matter, being too “domestic”, was boring. A male writer told her she wrote good stories, but he wouldn’t want to sleep with her. “Nobody invited him,” said Munro. Maybe as a consequence of this initial reaction towards her, when writers occur in Munro stories, they are pretentious, or exploitative of others; or they’re being asked by their relatives why they aren’t famous, or – worse, if female – why they aren’t better-looking.

The chances that a literary star would emerge from her time and place would once have been zero. Munro was born in 1931, and thus experienced the Depression as a child and the Second World War as a teenager. This was in south-western Ontario, Canada, a region that also produced equally talented writers and poets such as Robertson Davies, Graeme Gibson, James Reaney, and Marian Engel. It’s this small-town setting that features most often in her stories – the snobberies, the eccentrics, and the jeering at ambitions, especially artistic ones.

Shame is a common driving force for Munro’s characters just as perfectionism in the writing and courage in her profession have been driving forces for her.

As in much else, Munro is essentially Canadian. Faced with the Nobel, she will be modest, she won’t get a swelled head. The rest of us, on this magnificent occasion, will just have to do that for her.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/oct/10/alicemunro-wins-nobel-prize-in-literature

Glossary
thrilling: emocionante; subject matter: assunto; better-looking: mais bonitas; setting: cenário; jeering: deboche; shame: vergonha; driving force: força propulsora; get a swelled head: ficar convencida, cheia de si

Answer the following questions:


In the third paragraph, in the sentence “This was in south-western Ontario", the pronoun “this" refers to

Alternativas
Ano: 2014 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2014 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582603 Inglês

                           Alice Munro’s road to Nobel literature prize was not easy

                                                   

                                         Nobel literature prize winner Alice Munro.

Alice Munro has been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in literature, thus becoming its 13th female recipient. It’s a thrilling honour for a major writer: Munro has long been recognised in North America and the UK, but the Nobel will draw international attention, not only to women’s writing and Canadian writing, but to the short story, Munro’s chosen literary genre and one often neglected.

The road to the Nobel wasn’t an easy one for Munro. She found herself referred to as “some housewife”, and was told that her subject matter, being too “domestic”, was boring. A male writer told her she wrote good stories, but he wouldn’t want to sleep with her. “Nobody invited him,” said Munro. Maybe as a consequence of this initial reaction towards her, when writers occur in Munro stories, they are pretentious, or exploitative of others; or they’re being asked by their relatives why they aren’t famous, or – worse, if female – why they aren’t better-looking.

The chances that a literary star would emerge from her time and place would once have been zero. Munro was born in 1931, and thus experienced the Depression as a child and the Second World War as a teenager. This was in south-western Ontario, Canada, a region that also produced equally talented writers and poets such as Robertson Davies, Graeme Gibson, James Reaney, and Marian Engel. It’s this small-town setting that features most often in her stories – the snobberies, the eccentrics, and the jeering at ambitions, especially artistic ones.

Shame is a common driving force for Munro’s characters just as perfectionism in the writing and courage in her profession have been driving forces for her.

As in much else, Munro is essentially Canadian. Faced with the Nobel, she will be modest, she won’t get a swelled head. The rest of us, on this magnificent occasion, will just have to do that for her.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/oct/10/alicemunro-wins-nobel-prize-in-literature

Glossary
thrilling: emocionante; subject matter: assunto; better-looking: mais bonitas; setting: cenário; jeering: deboche; shame: vergonha; driving force: força propulsora; get a swelled head: ficar convencida, cheia de si

O sentimento motivador mais frequente nos personagens criados por Alice Munro é
Alternativas
Ano: 2014 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2014 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582602 Inglês

                           Alice Munro’s road to Nobel literature prize was not easy

                                                   

                                         Nobel literature prize winner Alice Munro.

Alice Munro has been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in literature, thus becoming its 13th female recipient. It’s a thrilling honour for a major writer: Munro has long been recognised in North America and the UK, but the Nobel will draw international attention, not only to women’s writing and Canadian writing, but to the short story, Munro’s chosen literary genre and one often neglected.

The road to the Nobel wasn’t an easy one for Munro. She found herself referred to as “some housewife”, and was told that her subject matter, being too “domestic”, was boring. A male writer told her she wrote good stories, but he wouldn’t want to sleep with her. “Nobody invited him,” said Munro. Maybe as a consequence of this initial reaction towards her, when writers occur in Munro stories, they are pretentious, or exploitative of others; or they’re being asked by their relatives why they aren’t famous, or – worse, if female – why they aren’t better-looking.

The chances that a literary star would emerge from her time and place would once have been zero. Munro was born in 1931, and thus experienced the Depression as a child and the Second World War as a teenager. This was in south-western Ontario, Canada, a region that also produced equally talented writers and poets such as Robertson Davies, Graeme Gibson, James Reaney, and Marian Engel. It’s this small-town setting that features most often in her stories – the snobberies, the eccentrics, and the jeering at ambitions, especially artistic ones.

Shame is a common driving force for Munro’s characters just as perfectionism in the writing and courage in her profession have been driving forces for her.

As in much else, Munro is essentially Canadian. Faced with the Nobel, she will be modest, she won’t get a swelled head. The rest of us, on this magnificent occasion, will just have to do that for her.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/oct/10/alicemunro-wins-nobel-prize-in-literature

Glossary
thrilling: emocionante; subject matter: assunto; better-looking: mais bonitas; setting: cenário; jeering: deboche; shame: vergonha; driving force: força propulsora; get a swelled head: ficar convencida, cheia de si

O “caminho nada fácil de Alice Munro para o Prêmio Nobel", referido no título do artigo, deveu-se ao fato de
Alternativas
Ano: 2014 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2014 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582601 Inglês

                           Alice Munro’s road to Nobel literature prize was not easy

                                                   

                                         Nobel literature prize winner Alice Munro.

Alice Munro has been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in literature, thus becoming its 13th female recipient. It’s a thrilling honour for a major writer: Munro has long been recognised in North America and the UK, but the Nobel will draw international attention, not only to women’s writing and Canadian writing, but to the short story, Munro’s chosen literary genre and one often neglected.

The road to the Nobel wasn’t an easy one for Munro. She found herself referred to as “some housewife”, and was told that her subject matter, being too “domestic”, was boring. A male writer told her she wrote good stories, but he wouldn’t want to sleep with her. “Nobody invited him,” said Munro. Maybe as a consequence of this initial reaction towards her, when writers occur in Munro stories, they are pretentious, or exploitative of others; or they’re being asked by their relatives why they aren’t famous, or – worse, if female – why they aren’t better-looking.

The chances that a literary star would emerge from her time and place would once have been zero. Munro was born in 1931, and thus experienced the Depression as a child and the Second World War as a teenager. This was in south-western Ontario, Canada, a region that also produced equally talented writers and poets such as Robertson Davies, Graeme Gibson, James Reaney, and Marian Engel. It’s this small-town setting that features most often in her stories – the snobberies, the eccentrics, and the jeering at ambitions, especially artistic ones.

Shame is a common driving force for Munro’s characters just as perfectionism in the writing and courage in her profession have been driving forces for her.

As in much else, Munro is essentially Canadian. Faced with the Nobel, she will be modest, she won’t get a swelled head. The rest of us, on this magnificent occasion, will just have to do that for her.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/oct/10/alicemunro-wins-nobel-prize-in-literature

Glossary
thrilling: emocionante; subject matter: assunto; better-looking: mais bonitas; setting: cenário; jeering: deboche; shame: vergonha; driving force: força propulsora; get a swelled head: ficar convencida, cheia de si

Alice Munro, vencedora do Prêmio Nobel de literatura em 2013, especializou-se no gênero literário
Alternativas
Ano: 2015 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2015 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582505 Inglês
What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1)Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.

(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; boredentediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagementcomprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Leia o texto e responda à questão.
O conector “on the other hand", na quinta linha do último parágrafo, estabelece uma relação de:
Alternativas
Ano: 2015 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2015 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582504 Inglês
What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1)Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.

(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; boredentediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagementcomprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Leia o texto e responda à questão.
No terceiro parágrafo, o pronome “they" se refere:
Alternativas
Ano: 2015 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2015 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582503 Inglês
What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1). Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.
(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; boredentediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagementcomprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Read the text and answer question.
What is the relationship between the words used in tweets and the health condition of a county's residents?
Alternativas
Ano: 2015 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2015 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582502 Inglês
What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1). Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.
(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; boredentediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagementcomprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Read the text and answer question.
According to the text, studies using the L.I.W.C. program have suggested a “close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior." What statement bellow corroborates this conclusion?
Alternativas
Ano: 2015 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2015 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582501 Inglês
What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1). Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.
(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; boredentediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagementcomprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Read the text and answer question.
Why would psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung be qualified to answer the opening question of the first paragraph (“How much can your tweets reveal about you?")?
Alternativas
Ano: 2013 Banca: UERJ Órgão: UERJ Prova: UERJ - 2013 - UERJ - Vestibular - Segundo Exame |
Q581311 Inglês
The context often helps if one needs to guess the meaning of an unknown word. For example, the word lyrics appears in three sentences from the text:

although the lyrics didn't make much sense to me: (l. 10)

His clever lyrics were often approved by the censors, (l. 24-25)

Nowadays, the lyrics are explicit (l. 34)

Based on these examples, lyrics is translated as:

Alternativas
Ano: 2013 Banca: UERJ Órgão: UERJ Prova: UERJ - 2013 - UERJ - Vestibular - Segundo Exame |
Q581310 Inglês
At first sight, it appears to be a samba about a lover's quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of the authoritarian regime (l. 27-28)

If the two sentences above are rewritten as one, the result is:

Alternativas
Ano: 2013 Banca: UERJ Órgão: UERJ Prova: UERJ - 2013 - UERJ - Vestibular - Segundo Exame |
Q581309 Inglês
According to the author, Chico Buarque de Holanda was an expert in the art of writing songs with double meanings.

He did that with the following aim:

Alternativas
Ano: 2013 Banca: UERJ Órgão: UERJ Prova: UERJ - 2013 - UERJ - Vestibular - Segundo Exame |
Q581308 Inglês
Besides describing the effect of the Brazilian political situation on the media, the first paragraph also mentions that the author had no idea of this situation at the time.

The author's complete lack of knowledge is best established by means of the following sentence:

Alternativas
Ano: 2013 Banca: UERJ Órgão: UERJ Prova: UERJ - 2013 - UERJ - Vestibular - Segundo Exame |
Q581307 Inglês
Peace without a voice is no peace but fear" (title) is a line from the song A paz que eu não quero, by the Brazilian band O Rappa. This line is an example of intertextuality. The resource used by the author that signals this process of intertextuality is:
Alternativas
Ano: 2011 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2011 - UNESP - Vestibular |
Q580944 Inglês

Sustainable flight

   TAM was the first airline in South America to carry out an experimental flight using biofuel on November 22, 2010. Produced from the oil of 100% domestic nettlespurge, known in Portuguese as pinhão-manso, it reduces carbon emissions by between 65% and 80% compared with petroleum-derived kerosene, according to research. Besides, the plant does not threatens the food chain, as it is not edible for humans nor animals. “Compared with other biofuels, the fuel from this plant is very promising for the Brazilian scenario,” says Paulus Figueiredo, TAM’s fuel manager. The next step in the project is to implement a farming unit, in reduced scale, at TAM’s Technological Center in São Carlos (SP), exclusively to conduct studies and make better cultivation techniques viable. “The objective is to carry out studies concerning technical and economic viability to build a biofuel Brazilian platform based on nettlespurge,” explains TAM’s CEO, Líbano Barroso. The experimental flight was a joint effort between TAM, Airbus, CFM International (joint venture between U.S.’s GE and the French Safran Group) and Air BP. The trip was authorized by Brazil’s National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) and by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).

(TAM News, January 2011. Adaptado.)

As expressões carry out, edible, promising, step e joint effort no texto significam, respectivamente,
Alternativas
Ano: 2011 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2011 - UNESP - Vestibular |
Q580943 Inglês

Sustainable flight

   TAM was the first airline in South America to carry out an experimental flight using biofuel on November 22, 2010. Produced from the oil of 100% domestic nettlespurge, known in Portuguese as pinhão-manso, it reduces carbon emissions by between 65% and 80% compared with petroleum-derived kerosene, according to research. Besides, the plant does not threatens the food chain, as it is not edible for humans nor animals. “Compared with other biofuels, the fuel from this plant is very promising for the Brazilian scenario,” says Paulus Figueiredo, TAM’s fuel manager. The next step in the project is to implement a farming unit, in reduced scale, at TAM’s Technological Center in São Carlos (SP), exclusively to conduct studies and make better cultivation techniques viable. “The objective is to carry out studies concerning technical and economic viability to build a biofuel Brazilian platform based on nettlespurge,” explains TAM’s CEO, Líbano Barroso. The experimental flight was a joint effort between TAM, Airbus, CFM International (joint venture between U.S.’s GE and the French Safran Group) and Air BP. The trip was authorized by Brazil’s National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) and by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).

(TAM News, January 2011. Adaptado.)

A que se refere o pronome it, na oração it reduces carbon missions by between 65% and 80% ?

Alternativas
Ano: 2011 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2011 - UNESP - Vestibular |
Q580942 Inglês

Sustainable flight

   TAM was the first airline in South America to carry out an experimental flight using biofuel on November 22, 2010. Produced from the oil of 100% domestic nettlespurge, known in Portuguese as pinhão-manso, it reduces carbon emissions by between 65% and 80% compared with petroleum-derived kerosene, according to research. Besides, the plant does not threatens the food chain, as it is not edible for humans nor animals. “Compared with other biofuels, the fuel from this plant is very promising for the Brazilian scenario,” says Paulus Figueiredo, TAM’s fuel manager. The next step in the project is to implement a farming unit, in reduced scale, at TAM’s Technological Center in São Carlos (SP), exclusively to conduct studies and make better cultivation techniques viable. “The objective is to carry out studies concerning technical and economic viability to build a biofuel Brazilian platform based on nettlespurge,” explains TAM’s CEO, Líbano Barroso. The experimental flight was a joint effort between TAM, Airbus, CFM International (joint venture between U.S.’s GE and the French Safran Group) and Air BP. The trip was authorized by Brazil’s National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) and by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).

(TAM News, January 2011. Adaptado.)

Assinale a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Respostas
4601: C
4602: B
4603: B
4604: A
4605: D
4606: C
4607: A
4608: A
4609: C
4610: B
4611: A
4612: D
4613: A
4614: D
4615: D
4616: B
4617: C
4618: D
4619: A
4620: B