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Challenges concerning multiculturalism in Canada

   The official Canadian policy of multiculturalism has been updated twice since its introduction in 1971. It was originally created as a policy based on the logic of ethnicity, modified to deal with racism and amended to include freedom of religion. In 1988 the Canadian Multiculturalism Act was passed. 

   Canada is considered a nation of immigrants such that cultural diversity is often presented as the essence of national identity. However, it is difficult to negotiate social and political policy when trying to speak for such a varied populace. Two very real challenges that Canada faces in regard to multiculturalism are the clash of cultures and the socioeconomic position of immigrants.

    An example of clash of cultures is the one between English and French-Canada. The province of Quebec has always asserted a distinct identity and an inclination towards separatism from the rest of the country. In 1995, there was a referendum in the province of Quebec concerning separation in which 49% of the voting population voted “yes” and 51% voted “no”. The clash between French and English-Canada is primarily a cultural clash with Quebec concerned with preserving its own history, language and values; fearing these things are apt to become lost within English-Canada. Since the referendum, tensions have cooled a bit and Canada’s national administration has increased their efforts to accommodate Quebec identity within a Canadian identity.

     Another challenge of multiculturalism is the socioeconomic position of immigrants. Diversity is supported by governmental policy but Canada is still a society where racist interactions and poor-bashing are severely detrimental to minorities (especially recent arrivals). There are many barriers to equal integration, especially in education, housing and employment. For example, in the workforce it is very difficult to get a job when the potential employer feels you are not speaking “proper” English or you do not have any Canadian work experience on your resumé. This often leads to overqualified people in full-time minimum wage positions with little or no benefits and no access, time or funds for language classes or other training programs. These sorts of circumstances lead to isolation, alienation, poverty and unsafe environments where a new immigrant does not feel safe to report or act against harassment or abuse.

Source: Adapted from http://globalcitizens.pbworks.com/w/page/9036226/Challenges%20Concerning%20Multiculturalism%20in%20Canada.

Pelota valenciana: un deporte olímpico 

Josué Ferrer

Fonte: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/8639 283.stm (acessado e adaptado em 22/04/10)  

                  So You Want to Be a Space Tourist? Here Are Your Options

by Adam Mann / Jul.21.2017 /11:30 AM ET

      Though we’ve been living in the Space Age for more than half a century, going into space remains an extreme rarity. Fewer than 600 people have gone above the Kármán line — the point, about 62 miles above Earth, that marks the beginning of space — and all were put there by the U.S. or another nation's government.

      But the rise of private spaceflight companies like Virgin Galactic and Space X means that the final frontier may soon be within reach of a great many more of us. The firms have announced plans to put private astronauts, a.k.a. space tourists, on orbital or suborbital flights within the next few years.

      Initially, the cost of a ride on one of these rockets will be hundreds of thousands of dollars at a minimum. That puts the experience within reach of only the wealthiest people. But advances in rocket and capsule design are expected to lower the price to the point that people of more modest fortunes are able to afford a ticket.

      Some projections put the global space tourism market at approximately $34 billion by 2021.

                           What Space Tourists Can Expect

      What exactly is in store for space tourists? The excitement of a rocket ride and a chance to experience weightlessness, for starters. And the bragging rights are hard to beat. But some say the biggest benefit of going into space is getting a dramatic new outlook on life on the fragile blue marble we call home. It’s a perspective shift that could have profound implications not just for individuals but also for society at large.

      “I personally believe the planetary perspective is going to be crucial to solving humanity’s biggest challenges over the next century,” says Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides. “I’m inspired that we’ll take people up so they can experience that view, which is said to change your world view in a fundamental way.”

Adapted from: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/so-you-want-be-space-tourist-here-are-your-options-ncna784166

Glossary

weightlessness: ausência de peso; bragging rights: direito de gabar-se; to afford: poder comprar.