Questões de Vestibular de Inglês

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Ano: 2019 Banca: UFVJM-MG Órgão: UFVJM-MG Prova: UFVJM-MG - 2019 - UFVJM-MG - Vestibular - Seleção Seriada - Sasi - Segunda Etapa |
Q1345352 Inglês
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Texto I

What Are Human Rights?

While some dictionaries define the word right as ―a privilege,‖ when used in the context of ―human rights,‖ we are talking about something more basic.

Every person is entitled to certain fundamental rights, simply by the fact of being human. These are called ―human rights‖ rather than a privilege (which can be taken away at someone’s whim).

They are "rights" because they are things you are allowed to be, to do or to have. These rights are there for your protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you.They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace.

Many people know something about their rights. Generally they know they have the right to food and a safe place to stay.They know they have a right to be paid for the work they do. But there are many other rights.

When human rights are not well known by people, abuses such as discrimination, intolerance, injustice, oppression and slavery can arise.

Born out of the atrocities and enormous loss of life during World War II, the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights was signed in 1948 to provide a common understanding of what everyone’s rights are. It forms the basis for a world built on freedom, justice and peace.

Fonte: Disponível em < https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights/ >. Acesso em: 17 de setembro de 2019. (Adaptado)


Glossário:

Entitled to: direito a
Taken away: retirado
Whim: capricho
Allowed: permitido
Get along: se dar bem
Arise: surgir
Born out: nascida
A ideia central do texto compreende:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: FAMEMA Prova: VUNESP - 2018 - FAMEMA - Vestibular 2019 - Prova II |
Q1344611 Inglês

        At Hwaban, Mihyun Han with her husband, Key Kim, will present their take on Korean fare, traditional and personalized with modern touches. The serene, neutral-toned dining room with pale brick walls, accented by dark furniture, is the setting for their varied menu. Some of the small plates to start are shrimp or scallop, an organic egg with king crab in a pine nut sauce, and pan-seared zucchini with shrimp in a soy sauce. More substantial dishes include poached lemon sole with vegetables, chicken with root vegetables, and grilled New York strip steak with Korean mountain greens and mustard dressing. Classics like bibimbap, kimchi stew with pork belly, and galbi (short ribs) are also served, and there is a set array of dishes called Hwaban Table. The name of the restaurant means “as beautiful as a flower,” and there are floral elements in the dining room and on some plates.


(Florence Fabricant. www.nytimes.com, 14.08.2018. Adaptado.)

According to the text, the name Hwaban stands for
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: FAMEMA Prova: VUNESP - 2018 - FAMEMA - Vestibular 2019 - Prova II |
Q1344610 Inglês

        At Hwaban, Mihyun Han with her husband, Key Kim, will present their take on Korean fare, traditional and personalized with modern touches. The serene, neutral-toned dining room with pale brick walls, accented by dark furniture, is the setting for their varied menu. Some of the small plates to start are shrimp or scallop, an organic egg with king crab in a pine nut sauce, and pan-seared zucchini with shrimp in a soy sauce. More substantial dishes include poached lemon sole with vegetables, chicken with root vegetables, and grilled New York strip steak with Korean mountain greens and mustard dressing. Classics like bibimbap, kimchi stew with pork belly, and galbi (short ribs) are also served, and there is a set array of dishes called Hwaban Table. The name of the restaurant means “as beautiful as a flower,” and there are floral elements in the dining room and on some plates.


(Florence Fabricant. www.nytimes.com, 14.08.2018. Adaptado.)

The dining area of the restaurant is described as
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: FAMEMA Prova: VUNESP - 2018 - FAMEMA - Vestibular 2019 - Prova II |
Q1344609 Inglês

        Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.

       One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.


(www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)

Imagem associada para resolução da questão

A partir da associação entre o texto e o cartum, depreende- -se que a expressão “mental clutter”, empregada no segundo parágrafo do texto, significa

Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: FAMEMA Prova: VUNESP - 2018 - FAMEMA - Vestibular 2019 - Prova II |
Q1344608 Inglês

        Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.

       One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.


(www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)

Considere o trecho do segundo parágrafo “Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably”. O termo sublinhado é empregado com o mesmo sentido em:
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Respostas
1896: A
1897: E
1898: D
1899: A
1900: E