Questões Militares Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês

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Ano: 2022 Banca: NC-UFPR Órgão: PM-PR Prova: NC-UFPR - 2022 - PM-PR - Cadete |
Q1901499 Inglês
The following text refer to question. 

The surprising history of India’s vibrant sari tradition

   South Asian women have draped themselves in colorful silks and cottons for eons. The ways they’re made and worn are dazzling and diverse.
   The word “sari” means “strip of cloth” in Sanskrit. But for the Indian women – and a few men – who have been wrapping themselves in silk, cotton, or linen for millennia, these swaths of fabric are more than just simple garments. They’re symbols of national pride, ambassadors for traditional (and cutting-edge) design and craftsmanship, and a prime example of the rich differences in India’s 29 states.
   “The sari both as symbol and reality has filled the imagination of the subcontinent, with its appeal and its ability to conceal and reveal the personality of the person wearing it,” says Delhi-based textile historian Rta Kapur Chishti, author of Saris of India: Tradition and Beyond and co-founder of Taanbaan, a fabric company devoted to reviving and preserving traditional Indian spinning and weaving methods.
   The first mention of saris (alternately spelled sarees) is in the Rig Veda, a Hindu book of hymns dating to 3,000 B.C.; draped garments show up on Indian sculptures from the first through sixth centuries, too. What Delhi-based textile historian Rta Kapur Chishti calls the “magical unstitched garment” is ideally suited to India’s blazingly hot climate and the modest-dress customs of both Hindu and Muslim communities. Saris also remain traditional for women in other South Asian countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. 

(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/photography/the-story-of-the-sari-in-india/.)
In the first sentence of the text, the underlined and in bold type word “eons” means:
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Q1901460 Inglês
Leia o texto destacado para responder à questão.

Jaap Wagelaar was my all-time favorite secondary school teacher. He gave me a 10/10 for my oral Dutch literature exam, taught psychoanalysis during grammar class, astounded pupils with odd puppet show performances during lunch breaks and sadly ended his career with a burn-out. Few students and fellow teachers understood him. But since I trusted his judgment like nobody else’s, I once asked him why Piet Paaltjens and Gerard Reve, both canonized Dutch literary figures, albeit of very divergent genres, could occasionally be kind or ironic but were more often rather cynical, cold and heartless. The response he gave has stuck with me ever since: cynical people are in fact the most emotional ones. Because of their sentimentality they are unable to handle injustice and feel forced to build up a self-protective screen against painful emotions called cynicism. Irony is mild, harmless and green. Sarcasm is biting and represents an orange traffic light. And the color of cynicism is deep red, with the shape of a grim scar that hides a hurt soul. They are all equally beautiful. 
These words again came to my mind when thinking back on the dozens of ironic, sarcastic and cynical memes about underperforming politicians and policy scandals disseminated over the past year. Who has not seen the image of Donald Trump walking through a desolate, scorched forest mumbling to himself: ‘My work here is almost done’? Who has not read the scathing reports of Flemish Ministers Bart Somers and Hilde Crevits escaping from a window aided by an unidentified third person after a meeting of the Council of Ministers to avoid critical journalists with the defense that they urgently needed to go on holiday and windows are faster than doors? Who has not come across the video announcement for a fictitious thriller called Angstra Zeneca with Dutch Health Minister Hugo de Jonge exclaiming ‘ik heb er zo’n kankerbende van gemaakt’ (I have made it all a cancerous mess) with a grimace stretching from ear to ear? And who has missed the most recent true story tragicomedy played by Charles Michel, male President of the European Council, and Ursula von der Leyen, female President of the European Commission, who had jointly been invited by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to discuss the position of women in Turkey? Unfortunately, they were only offered one chair for two people, which was symbolically occupied by Michel who left Von der Leyen standing awkwardly for a while. She ended up settling for a place on the comfortable sofa reserved for second rank guests. It was damned easy to get addicted to these countless videos, photos, images and written parodies. Oh, did we have fun with them! Some were ironic, some sarcastic and others cynical, but they jointly sketch a disconcerting image of the quality and reputation of key politicians in liberal Western democracies.

Fonte: https://www.eur.nl/en/news/. Publicado em 16/04/2021. Acesso em 29/08/21. Adaptado.  
O termo “albeit”, destacado em itálico no excerto do primeiro parágrafo, “both canonized Dutch literary figures albeit of very divergent genres”, tem sentido equivalente a 
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Q1901459 Inglês
Leia o texto destacado para responder à questão.

 Stupidity permeates our perception and practice of politics. We frequently accuse politicians, bureaucrats, journalists, voters, “elites,” and “the masses” for their stupidities. In fact, it is not only “populist politicians,” “sensational journalism,” and “uneducated voters” who are accused of stupidity. Similar accusations can be, and in fact have been, made concerning those who criticize them as well. It seems that stupidity is ubiquitous, unable to be contained within or attributed to one specific political position, personal trait, or even ignorance and erroneous reasoning.
Undertaking a theoretical investigation of stupidity, Nabutaka Otobe challenges the assumption that stupidity can be avoided. The author argues that the very ubiquity of stupidity implies its unavoidability — that we cannot contain it in such domains as error, ignorance, or “post-truth.” What we witness is rather that one’s reasoning can be sound, evidence-based, and stupid. In revealing this unavoidability, he contends that stupidity is an ineluctable problem not only of politics, but also of thinking. We become stupid because we think: it is impossible to distinguish a priori stupid thought from upright, righteous thought. Moreover, the failure to address the unavoidability of stupidity leads political theory to the failure to acknowledge the productive moments that experiences of stupidity harbor within. Such productive moments constitute the potential of stupidity — that radical new ideas can emerge out of our seemingly banal and stupid thinking in our daily political activity.

Fonte: https://www.routledge.com/. Publicado em 12/10/2020. Acesso em 20/08/2021.
O termo “moreover”, destacado em itálico no excerto do segundo parágrafo, “Moreover, the failure to address the unavoidability of stupidity leads political theory to the failure”, pode ser substituído, sem prejuízo de significado, por
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Q1893114 Inglês

Read the cartoon.


Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Available at: https://www.webdonuts.com/2013/06/save/.

Accessed on: July 30th, 2021.


A cartoon is intended for satire, caricature or humor. In this cartoon, the firefighter told the woman that they rescued cats, not boys. The verb to rescue is closest in meaning to

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Q1893111 Inglês
Cooking Fire Safety

Cooking is often a relaxing and fun task that brings family and friends together, but cooking is also the number one cause of home fires and home injuries. Being mindful while you cook, however, can go a long way to helping prevent these fires. Here is everything you need to know about cooking safely!

Cooking and Fire Safety- Tips

• Be on alert! If you are sleepy or have consumed alcohol don’t use the stove or stovetop.

• Stay in the kitchen while you are frying, grilling, boiling or broiling food.

• If you are simmering, baking or roasting food, check it regularly, remain in the kitchen while food is cooking, and use a timer to remind you that you are cooking.

• Keep anything that can catch fire — oven mitts, wooden utensils, food packaging, towels or curtains — away from your stovetop.

Available at: https://www.ssvfd.org/safety/cooking-fire-safety/.
Accessed on: July 30, 2021. [Fragment]
However, in this context: “Being mindful while you cook, however, can go a long way to helping prevent these fires,” can be replaced with
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Q1878750 Inglês

Read text V to answer question .



TEXT V



There are no excuses for racism. 



Racism take$ many forms and can happen 1 __ many places. lt includes prejudice, discrimination ar hatred directed at someone because of their colour, ethnicity or national origin.

People often associate racism with acts of abuse or harassment. However, it doesn't need to involve violent or intimidating behaviour. Take racial name-calling and jokes. Or consider situations when people may be excluded from groups or activities because of where they come 2 _______.

Racism can be revealed through people's actions as well as their altitudes. !t can also be reflected in systems and institutions. But sometímes it may not be revealed at ali. Not ali racism is obvious. For examp!e, someone may look 3 _______ a list of job applicants and decide not to interview people with certain surnames.

Racism is more than just words, beliefs and actions. lt includes ali the barriers that prevent people from enjoying dignity and equality because of their race. 



<https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/race-discrimination/what-racism> 

Read the following sentence.



"People often associate racism with acts of abuse or harassment."



The underlined word "often" can be replaced by

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Q1878747 Inglês

Read text IV to answer question.



TEXT IV



Generation Z News - Latest Characteristics, Research, and Facts 



Generation Z (aka Gen Z, iGen, or centennials}, refers to the generation that was born between 1996-2010, following millennials. This generation has been raised on the internet and social media, with some the oldest finishing college by 2020 and entering the workforce. Generation Z is the youngest, most ethnically-diverse, and largest generation in American history, comprising 27% of the US population. Pew Research recently defined Gen Z as anyone born after 1997. Gen Z 1______ up with technology, the internet, and social media, which sometimes causes them to be stereotyped as techaddicted, anti-social, or "social justice warriors." The average Gen Z got their first smart phone just before their twelfth birthday. They communicate primarily through social media and texts, and spend as much time on their phones as older generations do watching television. The majority of Gen Zs prefer streaming services to traditional cable, as well as getting snackable content they can get on their phones and computers. Gen Z is the most ethnically diverse and largest generation in American history, and eclipses all other generations before it in embracing diversity and inclusion.



Adapted from https:/twww.businessinsider.com/generation-z

Read the sentence and mark the correct option.

"The majority of Gen Zs prefer streaming services to traditional cable, as well as getting snackable content they can get on their phones and computers."

According to the context, you can change · the word "snackable" without modifying its meaning for  
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Q1878745 Inglês

Read text Ili to answer question.



Text III



Causes and Effects of Climate Change



Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are dying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. lt has become clear that humans have caused most of the past century's warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modem tives. Called greenhouse gases, their leveis are higher now than at any time in the last 800,000 years. 



We often call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth's climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place. While many people think of global warming and climate change as synonyms, scientists use "climate change" when describing the complex shífts now affecting our planet's weather and climate systems - in part because some areas actually get cooler in the short term.



Climate change encampasses not only rising average temperatures but also extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas, and a range of other impacts. Ali of those changes are emerging as humans continue to add heat-trapping greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, changing the rhythms of climate that ali living things have come to rely on. 



What will we do - what can we do - to slow this humancaused warming? How will we cape with the changes we ___ into motion? While we struggle to figure it ali out, the fate of the Earth as we know it - coasts, forests, farms, and snow-capped mountains - hangs in the balance.


By Christina Nunez Adapted from


https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/global-warming-overview



What's the meaning of the expression hangs in the balance in "... coasts, forests, farms, and snow-capped mountains - hangs in the balance."? lt 
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Q1853756 Inglês
Read the text and answer question.

Job Search Tips

1. You should tell all your friends that you are looking for a job.
2. You’d better not quit your present job before you find a new one.
3. You shoudn’t tell your boss that you are looking for a new job.
4. You ought to apply for several jobs at once.
5. You shoudn’t immediately ask an interviewer about job benefits.
6. You should always give the interviewer accurate salary information.

From the book Grammar Express Intermediate.
The word “accurate” in bold type means:  
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Q1853746 Inglês

We can work it out

The Beatles

“Life is very short, and there’s no time for fussing and fighting, my friend.” 


The word “fussing” in bold type means: 

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Q1853742 Inglês
Read the text and answer question.

Perfect

Ed Sheeran

(...)‘Cause we were just kids
When we fell in love
Not knowing what it was
I will not give you up this time
But darling, just kiss me slow
Your heart is all I own
And in your eyes you’re holding mine

Baby, I’m dancing in the dark
With you between my arms
Barefoot on the grass
Listening to our favorite song
When you said you looked a mess
I whispered underneath my breath
But you heard it, darling
You look perfect tonight

Well I found a woman, stronger
Than anyone I know
She shares my dreams
I hope that someday I’ll share her home’(...)
https://www.vagalume.com.br/ed-sheeran/perfect.html.
Choose the alternative that contains a word meaning “not wearing any shoes or socks”. 
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Q1853740 Inglês
Read the text and answer question.

Building on a breakthrough: Firm hoping to extend range of hydrogen-powered plane

    The firm behind the world’s first hydrogen-electric powered passenger plane flight is hoping to extend the range of the aircraft by the end of the year.
    ZeroAvia made the breakthrough by completing a 15-minute flight at an airfield in southern England last month.
    “It is not the future, it’s reality,” Sergey Kiselev, ZeroAvia’s European chief told Euronews in an interview on Thursday, referring to hydrogen-powered planes. “We are working on expanding the range of the reach of the aircraft. By the end of the year, this exact aircraft will be able to fly about 300 nautical miles.”
    It is hoped ZeroAvia’s maiden flight will be the first step in making one of the most polluting industries green.
    “The only emission from this aeroplane in flight is water vapour,” said Val Miftakhov, CEO and founder of ZeroAvia, back in September.
    “We also have a fueling infrastructure set up that ensures zero-emission production of hydrogen itself. It’s clean, it’s less noisy, and they will be able to fly without feeling guilty for flying.”

https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/22/building-on-a-breakthrough-firmhoping-to-extend-range-of-hydrogen-powered-plane.  
The word breakthrough, on the title of the text, could be best substituted by:  
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Q1853734 Inglês

ICE AGE

    Ice Age is an animated movie about a story that took place 20,000 thousand years ago. At that time, (I) everything was covered in ice. The movie follows the path of a mammoth, a sabertooth tiger and a sloth after they encounter an Eskimo baby and decide to protect it from the cold and other animals.
    (II) Diego, the tiger, had attacked the tribe to get the baby eskimo but was not successful. Other tigers were unhappy with Diego because of his incompetence to get the baby, who is now with Manfred, the mammoth, and Sid, the sloth. Eventually the three animals get together, although with very different agendas, and form a friendship bond while taking care of the human baby.
    The movie also features a squirrel desperately trying to bury an acorn without success. This squirrel has such a distinctive personality that we can only hope (III) he’ll star in his own movie someday.
Choose a sentence in which the word “agenda” is used correctly and with the same meaning it has on the text. 
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Q1846878 Inglês
Choose the phrasal verb that best substitutes the word in bold in the following sentence.     “They needed to cancel the game because of the bad weather.”
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Q1846876 Inglês

Read the text and answer question.


Choose the alternative that substitutes the sentence “They were crying to get out of the jar...” without changing the meaning
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Q1846870 Inglês

Read the text and answer question. 


We have different ways to use the word “tip”. Choose the alternative in which “tip” has the same meaning as “Tips to stay active at home during #COVID19 outbreak.” 
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Q1832010 Inglês

Chinese Woman Opens Plane’s Emergency Exit for Some Fresh Air


     A flight was delayed for an hour and a woman detained by police after she opened the emergency exit for “a breath of fresh air” before the flight took off in central China’s Hubei province, mainland media reported. The incident happened on Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 from Wuhan to Lanzhou, which was scheduled to take off at 3.45 p.m. on September 23.

    Cabin crew had briefed the woman, who was in her 50s, about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit and reminded her not to touch the button that opened the emergency exit. However, the woman said she needed some fresh air and touched the button to open the exit when the stewardess turned around to help others, the report said. The woman was taken away and the flight was delayed for an hour. Opening the emergency exit can be considered to be disturbing public order in an aircraft, which is punishable by police detention and a fine.

    In July last year, a woman who was flying for the first time mistook the emergency door for a lavatory door before her plane took off in Nanjing. The emergency slide was released and the flight was delayed for two hours. The woman was detained for 10 days. Some passengers have paid a heavy price for releasing the emergency slide, which may take days and considerable expense to repair and reinstall. In January 2015, a man who opened an emergency door after a plane landed in Chongqing had to pay 35,000 yuan (150,000 baht) in compensation to the airline.

    In June, a man from Hubei who was returning to China from Bangkok on a Thai Lion Air Flight opened an emergency exit before take-off. After apologising repeatedly, according to witnesses, he was held by Thai authorities for one day and given a fine of 500 baht before being deported.

Adapted from https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1762629/chinese-woman-opens-planes-emergency-exit-for-somefresh-air

Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes next to in the sentence “...about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit…” (paragraph 2).
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Q1832005 Inglês

Texas High School Opens Grocery Store That Accepts Good Deeds as Payment


    How many high schools can say they have a grocery store inside their walls? The student-run grocery store at Linda Tutt High School in rural Sanger, Texas, provides food and other necessities to students and their families while teaching essential job skills. And the store doesn’t accept cash, just good deeds. Instead of money, students shop using a point system.

    The store, which aims to address food insecurities for students and others in the community, is open Monday through Wednesday for students and staff within the school district. “A lot of our students come from low socioeconomic families,” principal Anthony Love told KTVT. “It’s a way for students to earn the ability to shop for their families. Through hard work you can earn points. You can earn points for doing chores around the building or helping to clean.”

    The pioneering project is run in partnership with First Refuge Ministries, Texas Health Resources, and Albertsons (a grocery store chain). But nearly all the responsibility falls on the students. They stock the shelves, keep track of inventory, address sales, and monitor registers when items are purchased. “I think the most exciting part of it is just teaching our kids job skills that they can carry with them as they graduate high school and move on into the world,” Love said to WAGA-TV. “Students are really the key piece to it.”

Adapted from https://www.southernliving.com/culture/school/linda-tutt-high-school-grocery-store

The sentenceStudents are really the key piece to it.” (paragraph 3) can be correctly paraphrased in the following terms:
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Q1832003 Inglês

Texas High School Opens Grocery Store That Accepts Good Deeds as Payment


    How many high schools can say they have a grocery store inside their walls? The student-run grocery store at Linda Tutt High School in rural Sanger, Texas, provides food and other necessities to students and their families while teaching essential job skills. And the store doesn’t accept cash, just good deeds. Instead of money, students shop using a point system.

    The store, which aims to address food insecurities for students and others in the community, is open Monday through Wednesday for students and staff within the school district. “A lot of our students come from low socioeconomic families,” principal Anthony Love told KTVT. “It’s a way for students to earn the ability to shop for their families. Through hard work you can earn points. You can earn points for doing chores around the building or helping to clean.”

    The pioneering project is run in partnership with First Refuge Ministries, Texas Health Resources, and Albertsons (a grocery store chain). But nearly all the responsibility falls on the students. They stock the shelves, keep track of inventory, address sales, and monitor registers when items are purchased. “I think the most exciting part of it is just teaching our kids job skills that they can carry with them as they graduate high school and move on into the world,” Love said to WAGA-TV. “Students are really the key piece to it.”

Adapted from https://www.southernliving.com/culture/school/linda-tutt-high-school-grocery-store

In the sentence “And the store doesn’t accept cash, just good deeds.” (paragraph 1), the word deeds means 
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Q1820792 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    A number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior (Pennycook 1989); others that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991), and that methodological labels tell us little about what really occurs in classrooms (Katz 1996).

    A particular method can be imposed on teachers by others. However, we also know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. After all, teachers are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions. They are informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

    Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is going to be affected not only by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context where the instruction takes place. In addition, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Then, too, since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

    [...] Some language teaching methods share the view that language can best be learned when it is taught through communication, rather than for it; and second, that language acquisition can be enhanced by working not only on language, but also on the process of learning (learnng strategies, cooperative learning and multiple intelligences).


(LARSEN FREEMAN, D. Techniques and principles in language teaching. 2th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. xi-xii. Adaptado)

The discourse markers Furthermore and In addition, which introduce new sentences in the third paragraph, can be correctly replaced by
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Respostas
21: B
22: B
23: A
24: D
25: C
26: B
27: E
28: D
29: A
30: A
31: C
32: A
33: D
34: A
35: B
36: D
37: E
38: A
39: C
40: B