Questões Militares
Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês
Foram encontradas 574 questões
Q3043500
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT I
“All crimes are not created equal in the harm they cause: homicide is many times more harmful than shoplifting
but in crime statistics where offences are counted by number, they appear equivalent. For example, in the UK
for the year ending September 2019, there were 3,578,000 incidents of theft and 729 homicides (Office for
National Statistics, 2019). An increase of 500 thefts would be a small change in the overall number of thefts
and have little impact on police resources. 500 extra homicides would have large consequences both for the
harm caused and the impact on police resources. In a number-only count, the additional 500 thefts or
homicides would result in the same overall number of crimes, yet clearly the impacts are disparate.
This reality has led to the proposition of a “Harm Index” to measure how harmful different crimes are in
proportion to the others. This approach adds a larger weight to more harmful crimes (e.g. homicide, rape and
grievous bodily harm with intent), distinguishing them from less harmful types of crime (e.g. minor thefts,
criminal damage and common assault). Practically, adoption of a harm index can allow targeting of the highestharm places, the most harmful offenders, the most harmed victims, and can assist in identifying victimoffenders. Experimentally, use of a harm index can add an additional dimension to the usual measures of
success or failure, by considering harm prevented as well as reductions in prevalence or frequency. For the
police, creation of harm index could allow them to invest scarce resources in proportion to the harm of each
offence type.
Sherman, Neyroud and Neyroud (2016) propose that any index needs to meet three requirements in order to
be considered a legitimate measure of harm: An index must meet a democratic standard, be reliable and also
be adopted at minimal cost to the end user. To meet these requirements, Sherman, Neyroud and Neyroud
(2016) opted for using sentence starting points rather than maximum or average actual sentences. The
sentencing starting point is used to calculate crime harm as it provides a baseline penalty relative to the crime.
We propose that it is a better measure of harm caused by the crime than average actual sentences, which are
offender-focused and thus substantially affected by previous offending history.
The Cambridge Crime Harm Consensus proposes creation of seven statistics for counting crime, usefully
including separation of historic crime reports, creation of a harm detection fraction and separation of public
reported crime and those detected by proactive police activity, with the aim of providing the public with a more
reliable and realistic assessment of trends, patterns and differences in public safety.
Counting crime by harm is an idea that has spread beyond the United Kingdom with indices published for
Denmark (Andersen and Mueller-Johnson, 2018), Sweden (Karrholm et al. 2020), Western Australia (House
and Neyroud, 2018), California (Mitchell, 2017), New Zealand and other countries.”
Cambridge Centre for Evidence-Based Policing. Available at: https://www.cambridge-ebp.co.uk/thechi Accessed on: June 30, 2024.
Choose the alternative that best matches the meaning of the word 'disparate' as used in the
sentence:
“In a number-only count, the additional 500 thefts or homicides would result in the same overall number of crimes, yet clearly the impacts are disparate”.
“In a number-only count, the additional 500 thefts or homicides would result in the same overall number of crimes, yet clearly the impacts are disparate”.
Q2509782
Inglês
Choose the option that correctly corresponds to the blank spaces.
“Remember that where ________ courageous soldiers, _________ eternal glory.”
Q2280163
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão
On the surface, there is little to distinguish the Woolf Social Club from any other hipster
hangout in Seoul, South Korea. Customers perch on wooden stools at formica tables,
tapping on laptops while they sip their coffee. Records and cds line the walls, soft jazz
trickles from speakers. On the white wall above the bar, in big black letters, is the statement:
“More dignity, less bullshit”.
It is only on closer inspection that you realise this is more than just another coffee shop. On
the mugs are cartoon drawings of Virginia Woolf, an angry wolf roaring from her shirt. A
bookshelf contains South Korean feminist novels and works of self-help (titles include
“Lessons on Being Unmarried”) alongside “The Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir and
“The Handmaid’s Tale” by Margaret Atwood. On the wall is a poster for an exhibition of
feminist art at a nearby gallery.
“I wanted a space for like-minded women to meet and talk,” says Kim Jina, a 47-year-old
former advertising executive and politician who founded the café six years ago. Kim was
inspired by Woolf’s dictum that in order to write fiction, a woman needed “five hundred
[pounds] a year and a room with a lock on the door”. That is, financial independence and a
place to think. The café’s casual vibe is deliberate: she wanted to avoid creating barriers to
entry for women who were merely curious, rather than fully committed to the movement.
Besides, she adds, “If I limited myself to feminist customers, I could never make a living.”
South Korea, even its trendy capital, is a difficult place to be a woman. The wage gap
between the sexes is the highest in the rich world. Traditional expectations about gender
roles, beauty standards and the way women should conduct themselves remain pervasive.
“Misogyny surrounds you so naturally that you barely even notice it,” says Kim. “I had no
role models, so my idea of how a successful woman should be came straight from ‘Sex and
the City’.” For much of her 20s and 30s, she spent most of her money on make-up and
expensive handbags, partying every weekend and dreaming about meeting her version of
Mr Big, the rich, smooth-talking love interest of the show’s main character, Carrie.
“I never worried about misogyny because I thought being sexually attractive was a form of
power,” says Kim. “But eventually I realised that men with real power don’t wear make-up
and expensive dresses.” Her epiphany came when she was passed over for promotion in
favour of a male colleague. “My boss said, ‘He needs it more than you because he has a
wife and a child to take care of,’ and I realised that I had been wrong to think that all I needed
to do was work hard and be good at my job.”
Kim’s burgeoning feminism crystallised in the summer of 2016, after a woman was murdered
in a public toilet in an upmarket part of Seoul. The killer initially claimed that he had done it
because he had been ignored by women. “I lived right around the corner, and I thought: that
could have been me,” says Kim. Like many other women, she was upset by media coverage
that ignored the misogynist motives for his crime and blamed it entirely on his mental-health
problems.
The murder prompted South Korean women to come together, initially in online
communities, and discuss how to fight back against sexism. Then they took to the streets.
In 2018 there was a series of protests against the widespread practice of recording illegal
footage of women by hiding small cameras in public toilets or changing rooms.
Kim founded the Woolf Social Club in 2017. “I thought, we talk to each other on the internet,
but it would be good to have a physical space in which to do that,” she says. “If you walk
around Seoul, you see all these cafés aimed at couples, where women look pretty and lower
their voices. I wanted a space where they could raise them.”
[Fonte: Lena Schipper. “Virginia Woolf is inspiring South Korean feminists”. In: The
Economist, 09/05/2022,<http://www.economist.com/1843/2022/05/09/virginia-woolf-is-inspiring-south-korean-feminists>. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 27/08/2023.]
In the excerpt from the third paragraph “I wanted a space for like-minded
women to meet and talk,” the underlined term expresses an idea of:
Q2280161
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão
On the surface, there is little to distinguish the Woolf Social Club from any other hipster
hangout in Seoul, South Korea. Customers perch on wooden stools at formica tables,
tapping on laptops while they sip their coffee. Records and cds line the walls, soft jazz
trickles from speakers. On the white wall above the bar, in big black letters, is the statement:
“More dignity, less bullshit”.
It is only on closer inspection that you realise this is more than just another coffee shop. On
the mugs are cartoon drawings of Virginia Woolf, an angry wolf roaring from her shirt. A
bookshelf contains South Korean feminist novels and works of self-help (titles include
“Lessons on Being Unmarried”) alongside “The Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir and
“The Handmaid’s Tale” by Margaret Atwood. On the wall is a poster for an exhibition of
feminist art at a nearby gallery.
“I wanted a space for like-minded women to meet and talk,” says Kim Jina, a 47-year-old
former advertising executive and politician who founded the café six years ago. Kim was
inspired by Woolf’s dictum that in order to write fiction, a woman needed “five hundred
[pounds] a year and a room with a lock on the door”. That is, financial independence and a
place to think. The café’s casual vibe is deliberate: she wanted to avoid creating barriers to
entry for women who were merely curious, rather than fully committed to the movement.
Besides, she adds, “If I limited myself to feminist customers, I could never make a living.”
South Korea, even its trendy capital, is a difficult place to be a woman. The wage gap
between the sexes is the highest in the rich world. Traditional expectations about gender
roles, beauty standards and the way women should conduct themselves remain pervasive.
“Misogyny surrounds you so naturally that you barely even notice it,” says Kim. “I had no
role models, so my idea of how a successful woman should be came straight from ‘Sex and
the City’.” For much of her 20s and 30s, she spent most of her money on make-up and
expensive handbags, partying every weekend and dreaming about meeting her version of
Mr Big, the rich, smooth-talking love interest of the show’s main character, Carrie.
“I never worried about misogyny because I thought being sexually attractive was a form of
power,” says Kim. “But eventually I realised that men with real power don’t wear make-up
and expensive dresses.” Her epiphany came when she was passed over for promotion in
favour of a male colleague. “My boss said, ‘He needs it more than you because he has a
wife and a child to take care of,’ and I realised that I had been wrong to think that all I needed
to do was work hard and be good at my job.”
Kim’s burgeoning feminism crystallised in the summer of 2016, after a woman was murdered
in a public toilet in an upmarket part of Seoul. The killer initially claimed that he had done it
because he had been ignored by women. “I lived right around the corner, and I thought: that
could have been me,” says Kim. Like many other women, she was upset by media coverage
that ignored the misogynist motives for his crime and blamed it entirely on his mental-health
problems.
The murder prompted South Korean women to come together, initially in online
communities, and discuss how to fight back against sexism. Then they took to the streets.
In 2018 there was a series of protests against the widespread practice of recording illegal
footage of women by hiding small cameras in public toilets or changing rooms.
Kim founded the Woolf Social Club in 2017. “I thought, we talk to each other on the internet,
but it would be good to have a physical space in which to do that,” she says. “If you walk
around Seoul, you see all these cafés aimed at couples, where women look pretty and lower
their voices. I wanted a space where they could raise them.”
[Fonte: Lena Schipper. “Virginia Woolf is inspiring South Korean feminists”. In: The
Economist, 09/05/2022,<http://www.economist.com/1843/2022/05/09/virginia-woolf-is-inspiring-south-korean-feminists>. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 27/08/2023.]
In the excerpt from the second paragraph “A bookshelf contains South Korean
feminist novels and works of self-help (titles include “Lessons on Being Unmarried”)
alongside “The Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir and “The Handmaid’s Tale” by
Margaret Atwood”, the underlined word expresses an idea of:
Q2280158
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.
Read Your Way Through Salvador
By Itamar Vieira Junior and translated by Johnny Lorenz. July 19, 2023.
I was born in Salvador, in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and lived in the general vicinity until I
reached the age of 15. But it was when I left that I really came to know my city. How was I
able to discover more about my birthplace while traveling far from home? It might sound
rather clichéd but, I assure you, literature made this possible: It took me on a journey, long
and profound, back home, enveloping me in words and imagination.
To understand the formation of our unique society and, consequently, the cityscape of
Salvador, one should read, before anything else, “The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom
and Islam in the Black Atlantic,” by João José Reis, Flávio dos Santos Gomes and Marcus
J.M. de Carvalho. Rufino was an alufá, or Muslim spiritual leader, born in the Oyo empire in
present-day Nigeria and enslaved during his adolescence. “The Story of Rufino” is an epic
tale, encapsulating the life of one man in search of freedom as well as the history of the
development of Salvador itself, a place inextricably linked with the diaspora across the Black
Atlantic. Another book for which I have deep affection is “The City of Women,” by the
American anthropologist Ruth Landes. It offers an intriguing perspective, focusing on
matriarchal power in candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian sacred practice, and revealing how the
social organization of its spiritual communities reverberates across the city.
If you want to feel the intensity of life on the streets of Salvador, these two books, both by
Amado, are indispensable: “Captains of the Sands” and “Dona Flor and Her Two
Husbands.” The first is a coming-of-age story in which we follow a group of children and
adolescents living on the streets and on the beaches around the Bay of All Saints. Written
more than 80 years ago, the book was banned and even burned in the public square during
the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in the first half of the 20th century. As a portrait of
Salvador, it is still relevant and reveals our deep inequalities. “Dona Flor and her Two
Husbands” is one of Amado’s most popular novels, translated into more than 30 languages
and adapted many times for theater, cinema, and television. The book is a kind of manifesto
for a woman’s liberation. Dona Flor possesses great culinary talent, and oppressed by a
patriarchal society, finds herself divided between two men, one being her deceased
husband. While the novel captures the daily life of the city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful
guide to the cuisine of Salvador, with its African and Portuguese influences.
I invite readers to travel into the interior of Bahia, many hours by car from Salvador to the
region known as the Sertão, whose name translates loosely to “backwoods.” Two books can
also transport you there, and they are sides of the same story: “Backlands: The Canudos
Campaign,” by Euclides da Cunha, and “The War of the End of the World,” by Mario
Vargas Llosa.
“Backlands” is one of the most important works in the history of Brazilian literature. It is a
journalistic telling that introduces us not only to the brutal War of Canudos, but also to the
intriguing landscape of the Sertão, a place so full of contradictions. In his writing of the
conflict, da Cunha tells the story of the genesis of the tough sertanejo: a mythic,
cowboyesque figure of the drought-stricken, lawless interior. “The War of the End of the
World” is an essential epic that amplifies the narrative of “Backlands,” bringing a more imaginative, creative aspect to the story of Antônio Conselheiro, the spiritual leader of a
rebellion, and of the multitude that followed him to their deaths.
[Fonte: “Read Your Way Through Salvador”. In: The New York Times, 19/07/2023,<http://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/books/salvador-bahia-brazil-books.html> . Adaptado. Data
de acesso: 01/09/2023.]
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “While the novel captures the daily life of the
city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful guide to the cuisine of Salvador” o termo sublinhado
pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por:
Q2280157
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.
Read Your Way Through Salvador
By Itamar Vieira Junior and translated by Johnny Lorenz. July 19, 2023.
I was born in Salvador, in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and lived in the general vicinity until I
reached the age of 15. But it was when I left that I really came to know my city. How was I
able to discover more about my birthplace while traveling far from home? It might sound
rather clichéd but, I assure you, literature made this possible: It took me on a journey, long
and profound, back home, enveloping me in words and imagination.
To understand the formation of our unique society and, consequently, the cityscape of
Salvador, one should read, before anything else, “The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom
and Islam in the Black Atlantic,” by João José Reis, Flávio dos Santos Gomes and Marcus
J.M. de Carvalho. Rufino was an alufá, or Muslim spiritual leader, born in the Oyo empire in
present-day Nigeria and enslaved during his adolescence. “The Story of Rufino” is an epic
tale, encapsulating the life of one man in search of freedom as well as the history of the
development of Salvador itself, a place inextricably linked with the diaspora across the Black
Atlantic. Another book for which I have deep affection is “The City of Women,” by the
American anthropologist Ruth Landes. It offers an intriguing perspective, focusing on
matriarchal power in candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian sacred practice, and revealing how the
social organization of its spiritual communities reverberates across the city.
If you want to feel the intensity of life on the streets of Salvador, these two books, both by
Amado, are indispensable: “Captains of the Sands” and “Dona Flor and Her Two
Husbands.” The first is a coming-of-age story in which we follow a group of children and
adolescents living on the streets and on the beaches around the Bay of All Saints. Written
more than 80 years ago, the book was banned and even burned in the public square during
the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in the first half of the 20th century. As a portrait of
Salvador, it is still relevant and reveals our deep inequalities. “Dona Flor and her Two
Husbands” is one of Amado’s most popular novels, translated into more than 30 languages
and adapted many times for theater, cinema, and television. The book is a kind of manifesto
for a woman’s liberation. Dona Flor possesses great culinary talent, and oppressed by a
patriarchal society, finds herself divided between two men, one being her deceased
husband. While the novel captures the daily life of the city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful
guide to the cuisine of Salvador, with its African and Portuguese influences.
I invite readers to travel into the interior of Bahia, many hours by car from Salvador to the
region known as the Sertão, whose name translates loosely to “backwoods.” Two books can
also transport you there, and they are sides of the same story: “Backlands: The Canudos
Campaign,” by Euclides da Cunha, and “The War of the End of the World,” by Mario
Vargas Llosa.
“Backlands” is one of the most important works in the history of Brazilian literature. It is a
journalistic telling that introduces us not only to the brutal War of Canudos, but also to the
intriguing landscape of the Sertão, a place so full of contradictions. In his writing of the
conflict, da Cunha tells the story of the genesis of the tough sertanejo: a mythic,
cowboyesque figure of the drought-stricken, lawless interior. “The War of the End of the
World” is an essential epic that amplifies the narrative of “Backlands,” bringing a more imaginative, creative aspect to the story of Antônio Conselheiro, the spiritual leader of a
rebellion, and of the multitude that followed him to their deaths.
[Fonte: “Read Your Way Through Salvador”. In: The New York Times, 19/07/2023,<http://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/books/salvador-bahia-brazil-books.html> . Adaptado. Data
de acesso: 01/09/2023.]
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “As a portrait of Salvador, it is still relevant and
reveals our deep inequalities”, o termo sublinhado contém um prefixo de negação. Assinale
a alternativa que apresenta o termo que NÃO contém prefixo de negação.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259764
Inglês
Texto associado
“It’s a very nice book and very lively, but in the section on
‘Processes’ for example all the exercises are about unusual
things for our country. We are a hot country and also have
many Muslims. The exercises are about snow, ice, cold
mornings, and making wine. I can tell you I can’t do making
wine and smoking pot in my country!” (Experienced school
teacher from the Ivory Coast, Africa)
“Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil which
is why I don’t think they worked very well …” (Brazilian teacher
of English in school)
“Sir … what is opera?” (Iraqi student in mixed nationality
class using materials designed to practise reading narrative)
The implications of these three quotations are not simply
linguistic; rather, they address the problem of appropriate
contextual realisation for materials. For the teacher in the
Ivory Coast, the materials offered would be outside the cultural
experience of his students (possibly even threatening) and
thus effectively useless; conversely, for the Brazilian teacher,
the choice of Brazilian settings and familiar mores would have clear advantages over distant foreign contexts as they are
essentially more motivating. The quote from the Iraqi student
suggests that complete unfamiliarity with the notion of opera
may reduce the efficacy of the reading exercises, but in this
case the student is curious and likely to regard the material as
exotic rather than merely alien.
(D. Jolly e R. Bolitho, A framework for materials writing.
In B. Tomlinson, (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching.
Cambridge: CUP. 1998/2011. Adaptado)
No quarto parágrafo, é um adjetivo a palavra
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259763
Inglês
Texto associado
“It’s a very nice book and very lively, but in the section on
‘Processes’ for example all the exercises are about unusual
things for our country. We are a hot country and also have
many Muslims. The exercises are about snow, ice, cold
mornings, and making wine. I can tell you I can’t do making
wine and smoking pot in my country!” (Experienced school
teacher from the Ivory Coast, Africa)
“Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil which
is why I don’t think they worked very well …” (Brazilian teacher
of English in school)
“Sir … what is opera?” (Iraqi student in mixed nationality
class using materials designed to practise reading narrative)
The implications of these three quotations are not simply
linguistic; rather, they address the problem of appropriate
contextual realisation for materials. For the teacher in the
Ivory Coast, the materials offered would be outside the cultural
experience of his students (possibly even threatening) and
thus effectively useless; conversely, for the Brazilian teacher,
the choice of Brazilian settings and familiar mores would have clear advantages over distant foreign contexts as they are
essentially more motivating. The quote from the Iraqi student
suggests that complete unfamiliarity with the notion of opera
may reduce the efficacy of the reading exercises, but in this
case the student is curious and likely to regard the material as
exotic rather than merely alien.
(D. Jolly e R. Bolitho, A framework for materials writing.
In B. Tomlinson, (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching.
Cambridge: CUP. 1998/2011. Adaptado)
Considering the whole context of the first quotation
(paragraph 1), the expression “I can´t do making wine”
means
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259755
Inglês
Texto associado
Since ChatGPT can engage in conversation and
generate essays and graphs that closely resemble those
created by humans, educators worry students may use it
to cheat. The main reason students cheat is their academic
motivation. Sometimes they are just motivated to get a high
grade, whereas other times they wish to learn all that they
can about a topic. The decision to cheat or not often relates
to how academic assignments and tests are constructed and
assessed, not on the availability of technological shortcuts.
Research demonstrates that students are more likely to
cheat when assignments are designed in ways that encourage
them to outperform their classmates. There is less cheating
when teachers assign academic tasks that prompt them to
work collaboratively and to focus on mastering content instead
of getting a good grade.
An important way to boost students’ confidence is to
provide them with opportunities to experience success. For
example, suppose students are asked to attempt to design
a hypothetical vehicle that can use gasoline more efficiently
than a traditional car. Students who struggle with the project
can use ChatGPT to break down the larger problem into
smaller challenges or tasks. ChatGPT might suggest they first
develop an overall concept for the vehicle before determining
the size and weight of the vehicle and deciding what type
of fuel will be used. Teachers could also ask students to
compare the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps that are
recommended by other sources.
(Kui Xie e Eric M. Anderman. http://www.theconversation.com.
06.06.2023. Adaptado)
Read this short except.
There are three areas where our behaviour can directly influence our students’ continuing participation: goals and goal setting; learning environment; interesting classes.
(J. Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. 4th ed. Essex: Pearson Longman, 2007. Adaptado)
The task proposed in the last paragraph of the text on ChatGPT illustrates the following motivational behavior on the part of teachers:
There are three areas where our behaviour can directly influence our students’ continuing participation: goals and goal setting; learning environment; interesting classes.
(J. Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. 4th ed. Essex: Pearson Longman, 2007. Adaptado)
The task proposed in the last paragraph of the text on ChatGPT illustrates the following motivational behavior on the part of teachers:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259754
Inglês
Texto associado
Since ChatGPT can engage in conversation and
generate essays and graphs that closely resemble those
created by humans, educators worry students may use it
to cheat. The main reason students cheat is their academic
motivation. Sometimes they are just motivated to get a high
grade, whereas other times they wish to learn all that they
can about a topic. The decision to cheat or not often relates
to how academic assignments and tests are constructed and
assessed, not on the availability of technological shortcuts.
Research demonstrates that students are more likely to
cheat when assignments are designed in ways that encourage
them to outperform their classmates. There is less cheating
when teachers assign academic tasks that prompt them to
work collaboratively and to focus on mastering content instead
of getting a good grade.
An important way to boost students’ confidence is to
provide them with opportunities to experience success. For
example, suppose students are asked to attempt to design
a hypothetical vehicle that can use gasoline more efficiently
than a traditional car. Students who struggle with the project
can use ChatGPT to break down the larger problem into
smaller challenges or tasks. ChatGPT might suggest they first
develop an overall concept for the vehicle before determining
the size and weight of the vehicle and deciding what type
of fuel will be used. Teachers could also ask students to
compare the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps that are
recommended by other sources.
(Kui Xie e Eric M. Anderman. http://www.theconversation.com.
06.06.2023. Adaptado)
While reading the text, students mention they do not
understand the word “boost” in “An important way to
boost students’ confidence”. One of the ways to arrive at
meaning of the word without resorting to the dictionary is
by means of the compensatory strategy named
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259752
Inglês
Texto associado
Since ChatGPT can engage in conversation and
generate essays and graphs that closely resemble those
created by humans, educators worry students may use it
to cheat. The main reason students cheat is their academic
motivation. Sometimes they are just motivated to get a high
grade, whereas other times they wish to learn all that they
can about a topic. The decision to cheat or not often relates
to how academic assignments and tests are constructed and
assessed, not on the availability of technological shortcuts.
Research demonstrates that students are more likely to
cheat when assignments are designed in ways that encourage
them to outperform their classmates. There is less cheating
when teachers assign academic tasks that prompt them to
work collaboratively and to focus on mastering content instead
of getting a good grade.
An important way to boost students’ confidence is to
provide them with opportunities to experience success. For
example, suppose students are asked to attempt to design
a hypothetical vehicle that can use gasoline more efficiently
than a traditional car. Students who struggle with the project
can use ChatGPT to break down the larger problem into
smaller challenges or tasks. ChatGPT might suggest they first
develop an overall concept for the vehicle before determining
the size and weight of the vehicle and deciding what type
of fuel will be used. Teachers could also ask students to
compare the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps that are
recommended by other sources.
(Kui Xie e Eric M. Anderman. http://www.theconversation.com.
06.06.2023. Adaptado)
Mark the alternative in which the prefix “out” means the
same as in “outperform” (paragraph 2).
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259751
Inglês
Texto associado
Since ChatGPT can engage in conversation and
generate essays and graphs that closely resemble those
created by humans, educators worry students may use it
to cheat. The main reason students cheat is their academic
motivation. Sometimes they are just motivated to get a high
grade, whereas other times they wish to learn all that they
can about a topic. The decision to cheat or not often relates
to how academic assignments and tests are constructed and
assessed, not on the availability of technological shortcuts.
Research demonstrates that students are more likely to
cheat when assignments are designed in ways that encourage
them to outperform their classmates. There is less cheating
when teachers assign academic tasks that prompt them to
work collaboratively and to focus on mastering content instead
of getting a good grade.
An important way to boost students’ confidence is to
provide them with opportunities to experience success. For
example, suppose students are asked to attempt to design
a hypothetical vehicle that can use gasoline more efficiently
than a traditional car. Students who struggle with the project
can use ChatGPT to break down the larger problem into
smaller challenges or tasks. ChatGPT might suggest they first
develop an overall concept for the vehicle before determining
the size and weight of the vehicle and deciding what type
of fuel will be used. Teachers could also ask students to
compare the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps that are
recommended by other sources.
(Kui Xie e Eric M. Anderman. http://www.theconversation.com.
06.06.2023. Adaptado)
It is a main argument in the text:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
PM-SC
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - PM-SC - Oficial da Polícia Militar |
Q2237484
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1 A11-II
"Click!" That's the sound of safety. That's the sound of survival. That's the sound of a seat belt lockling in place. Seat belts save lives and that's a fact. That's why I don't drive anywhere until mine is on tight. Choosing to wear your seat belt is as simple as choosing between life and death.Which one do may be going 100km/h or faster. That car is zipping down the road. Then somebody ahead of you locks up his or her brakes. You don't have time to stop. The car that you locks up his or her brakes.
Some people think that seat belts are uncool. They think that seat belts cramp their style, or that seat belts are unconfortable. To them, I say, what's more uncomfortable? Wearing a seat belt or flying through a car, of skidding across the road in your jean shorts? Wearing a seat belt is both cooler and more comfortable than the alternatives. Let's just take a you can hop around the car and slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds like a lot of fun. But, you are also more likely to die or suffer serious injuries. If you are wearing a seat belt, you have to stay in your seat. That's no fun. But, you are much more likely to walk away unharmed from a car accidente. Hmmm... A small pleasure for a serious pain. That's a tough choice. I think that I'll avoid the serious pain.
Internet: <www.agendaweb.com> (adapted).
In text 1 A11-II, the pronoun "their" (second sentence of the second paragraph) refers to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
PM-SC
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - PM-SC - Oficial da Polícia Militar |
Q2237483
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1 A11-II
"Click!" That's the sound of safety. That's the sound of survival. That's the sound of a seat belt lockling in place. Seat belts save lives and that's a fact. That's why I don't drive anywhere until mine is on tight. Choosing to wear your seat belt is as simple as choosing between life and death.Which one do may be going 100km/h or faster. That car is zipping down the road. Then somebody ahead of you locks up his or her brakes. You don't have time to stop. The car that you locks up his or her brakes.
Some people think that seat belts are uncool. They think that seat belts cramp their style, or that seat belts are unconfortable. To them, I say, what's more uncomfortable? Wearing a seat belt or flying through a car, of skidding across the road in your jean shorts? Wearing a seat belt is both cooler and more comfortable than the alternatives. Let's just take a you can hop around the car and slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds like a lot of fun. But, you are also more likely to die or suffer serious injuries. If you are wearing a seat belt, you have to stay in your seat. That's no fun. But, you are much more likely to walk away unharmed from a car accidente. Hmmm... A small pleasure for a serious pain. That's a tough choice. I think that I'll avoid the serious pain.
Internet: <www.agendaweb.com> (adapted).
Without changing the meaning of texte 1 A11-II, the sentence "The car is zipping down the road" (seventh sentence of the first paragraph) could be correctly rewritten as
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2023 - EEAR - Sargento da Aeronáutica – BMA – Mecânico de Aeronaves |
Q2201227
Inglês
Read the comic strip. The only alternative that does not
express a contrary idea to complete the sentence is
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2023 - EEAR - Sargento da Aeronáutica – BMA – Mecânico de Aeronaves |
Q2201216
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer the question.
From space, astronaut sounds the alarm about climate
crisis
The Associated Press
A French astronaut has used a video call from space to
sound the alarm about worsening repercussions from climate
change that he can see ______ the International Space
Station.
Entire regions of Earth in flames. Storms trailing
destruction in their wake. And the haunting fragility of
humanity’s only home floating like a blue — but also
tarnished — pearl in the vastness of space.
Through the portholes ______ the International Space
Station, French astronaut Thomas Pesquet has an arresting
view of global warming’s repercussions. He used a video call
from space to sound the alarm Thursday, as negotiators,
government officials and activists continued meeting at a
U.N. climate conference in Glasgow, Scotland.
“We see the pollution of rivers, atmospheric pollution,
things like that.”
“We saw entire regions burning from the space station,
______ Canada, in California,” he said. “We saw all of
California covered ______ a cloud of smoke and flames with
the naked eye from 400 kilometers (250 miles) up.”
Adapted from https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/spaceastronaut-sounds-alarm-climate-crisis-80972311. Access on October 25th.
The underlined expression in the text is similiar in
meaning to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2023 - EEAR - Sargento da Aeronáutica – BMA – Mecânico de Aeronaves |
Q2201209
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer the question.
The pursuit of happiness can end in pain
Maggie Mulqueen, psychologist
Adapted from https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/suicide-studentathletes-happiness-contentment-rcna27992
Choose the alternative that can replace the underlined
word in the text without changing the meaning.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2023 - EEAR - Sargento da Aeronáutica – BMA – Mecânico de Aeronaves |
Q2201204
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer the question.
How sleep transformed professional football
A few decades ago, professional footballers spent their
nights partying. Now, they are much more aware of the
benefits of a good night’s sleep.
The change began in the mid-1990s, when mattress
salesman Nick Littlehales contacted the manager of the
Manchester United football team, Alex Ferguson, asking
whether he had ever considered how sleep affected
performance on the pitch. Interested, Ferguson arranged for
Littlehales to give a presentation to his team.
Gradually, club managers began to pay more attention to
scientific sleep research, and for good reason. (...)
Now, many teams and players are making an effort to
improve their sleep patterns, using various means. James
Milner from Manchester City found it hard to sleep after
evening games, so would play computer games into the early
hours. As a result, he was too tired to train the following
morning. Since these interventions are cheap and effective,
even the less well-known teams can benefit. (...)
Whereas in the past, playing after a party and a few
hours’ sleep was seen as a badge of honour, a good sleep is
now considered an essential part of performance.
Adapted from https://test-english.com/reading
Choose the opposite to the adjective “cheap” in bold in
the fourth paragraph.
Ano: 2008
Banca:
Marinha
Órgão:
DPC - Marinha
Prova:
Marinha - 2008 - DPC - Marinha - Praticante de Prático |
Q2196797
Inglês
In a single propeller ship going ahead, with a right-hand screw, as a blade moves downward it meets water which is
moving upward as well as aft. This is equivalent to _________________ the relative velocity and the angle of attack at
same time and thus, _________________ in thrust is experienced. On the opposite side, a ______________ in thrust
is experienced. The net effect of the reaction to the inclined flow, then, is a _________________ tending to
_____________the ship to the _____________.
According to R. S. Crenshaw, Jr., in the book “Naval Shiphandling”, which answer best fill in the blanks?
According to R. S. Crenshaw, Jr., in the book “Naval Shiphandling”, which answer best fill in the blanks?
Q2179145
Inglês
Texto associado
The following text refers to question.
There have been 18 opioid-related deaths in Nova Scotia so far this year
Paramedics in Nova Scotia used naloxone to save 165 people from opioid overdoses in 2018 and 188 people in 2019. In 2020, 102 people were saved as of July 31.
Eight years ago, Matthew Bonn watched his friend turn blue and become deathly quiet as fentanyl flooded his body. Bonn jumped in, performing rescue breathing until paramedics arrived. That was the first time Bonn fought to keep someone alive during an overdose.
But it wouldn't be his last. Over the years, he tried more dangerous ways to snap people out of an overdose.
"I remember doing crazy things like throwing people in bathtubs, or, you know, giving them cocaine. As we know now, that doesn't help," said Bonn, a harm-reduction advocate in Halifax. "But ... in those panic modes, you try to do whatever you can to keep that person alive."
This was before naloxone – a drug that can reverse an opioid overdose – became widely available to the public. In 2017, the Nova Scotia government made kits with the drug available for free at pharmacies.
Whether used by community members or emergency crews, naloxone has helped save hundreds of lives in the province. Matthew Bonn is a program co-ordinator with the Canadian Association of People Who Use Drugs, and a current drug user himself.
Almost every other day in Nova Scotia, paramedics and medical first responders in the province use the drug to reverse an opioid overdose, according to Emergency Health Services (EHS).
(Available in: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/ehs-naloxone-opioids-drug-use-emergency-care-1.5745907.)
In the text, the word “whether” underlined and in bold type can be replaced without losing its meaning by:
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