Questões Militares Comentadas para ufpr

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Q1665246 Química

As cetonas pertencem a uma classe de substâncias empregadas como reagente de partida na síntese de outros compostos orgânicos, contendo diferentes grupos funcionais. No esquema abaixo, estão indicadas cinco rotas de síntese, as quais fornecem cinco produtos diferentes, a partir de uma mesma cetona:


Imagem associada para resolução da questão


As rotas de síntese que geram produtos pertencentes a uma mesma classe de compostos orgânicos são:

Alternativas
Q1665230 Português

    Diverti-me imensamente com a história dos imbecis da web. Para quem não acompanhou, foi publicado em alguns jornais e também on-line que no curso de uma chamada lectio magistralis em Turim eu teria dito que a web está cheia de imbecis. É falso. A lectio era sobre um tema completamente diferente, mas isso mostra como as notícias circulam e se deformam entre os jornais e a web. A história dos imbecis surgiu numa conferência de imprensa durante a qual, respondendo a uma pergunta que não me lembro mais, fiz uma observação de puro bom senso. Admitindo que em 7 bilhões de habitantes exista uma taxa inevitável de imbecis, muitíssimos deles costumavam comunicar seus delírios aos íntimos ou aos amigos do bar – e assim suas opiniões permaneciam limitadas a um círculo restrito. Hoje uma parte consistente dessas pessoas tem a possibilidade de expressar as próprias opiniões nas redes sociais e, portanto, tais opiniões alcançam audiências altíssimas e se misturam com tantas outras ideias expressas por pessoas razoáveis.

    [...]

    É justo que a rede permita que mesmo quem não diz coisas sensatas se expresse, mas o excesso de besteira congestiona as linhas. E algumas reações descompensadas que vi na internet confirmam minha razoabilíssima tese. Alguém chegou a dizer que, para mim, as opiniões de um tolo e aquelas de um ganhador do prêmio Nobel têm a mesma evidência e não demorou para que se difundisse viralmente uma inútil discussão sobre o fato de eu ter ou não recebido um prêmio Nobel – sem que ninguém consultasse sequer a Wikipédia.

(Umberto Eco – Os imbecis e a imprensa responsável, 2017.)

Com base no texto de Eco, é correto afirmar:
Alternativas
Q1665225 Física

Um objeto de massa m = 10 kg está suspenso por dois cabos que exercem trações Imagem associada para resolução da questão e Imagem associada para resolução da questão de mesma intensidade T, de modo que Imagem associada para resolução da questão. As trações exercidas pelos cabos estão dispostas conforme mostra a figura ao lado, fazendo um ângulo de 30º com a direção horizontal. O objeto está em equilíbrio estático e sujeito à atração gravitacional da Terra. Nesse local, a aceleração gravitacional é g = 10 m/s2 .

As medições no local são executadas por um observador inercial. Sabe-se que sen 30º = cos 60º = 1/2 , e que sen 60º = cos 30º = √3/2 .

Levando em consideração os dados apresentados, assinale a alternativa que apresenta corretamente o valor do módulo da tração exercida por cada cabo.


Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Alternativas
Q1665224 Física

Um objeto de massa m = 500 g recebe uma certa quantidade de calor Q e, com isso, sofre uma variação de temperatura ΔT. A relação entre ΔT e Q está representada no gráfico ao lado.


Assinale a alternativa que apresenta corretamente o valor do calor específico c desse objeto.


Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Alternativas
Q1665222 Física

As propriedades elétricas de dois resistores A e B foram investigadas, e os dados obtidos para eles foram dispostos na forma de um gráfico V x i, em que V é a tensão aplicada e i é a corrente elétrica que por eles circula. As curvas para os resistores A (linha cheia) e B (linha tracejada) são apresentadas na figura ao lado.


Com base nos dados apresentados, considere as seguintes afirmativas:

1. O resistor B é ôhmico.

2. Os resistores têm resistências iguais quando submetidos a uma tensão de 10 V.

3. A potência dissipada pelo resistor A quando submetido a uma tensão de 20 V vale 0,6 W.

4. O resistor B apresenta uma resistência de 50 Ω quando submetido a uma tensão de 5 V.


Assinale a alternativa correta


Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Alternativas
Q1665220 Física

Um observador inercial analisa o movimento de um dado objeto de massa m constante e constrói o gráfico v x t mostrado ao lado, em que v é a velocidade do objeto e t é o tempo. O movimento ocorre numa linha reta.

Levando em consideração os dados apresentados no gráfico, assinale a alternativa que apresenta corretamente o valor do deslocamento Δx do objeto entre os instantes t = 0 e t = 5 s.


Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Alternativas
Q1665217 Geografia

Em 1632, o matemático, astrônomo e filósofo italiano Galileu Galilei (1564-1642) publicou o Diálogo sobre os dois principais sistemas do mundo, no qual três personagens, de nomes Sagredo, Salviati e Simplício, debatem sobre a cosmologia copernicana e a cosmologia aristotélica. Ainda no mesmo ano, Galileu foi intimado a comparecer à Congregação do Santo Ofício em Roma, acusado de defender as ideias de Copérnico, consideradas heréticas pela Igreja.

Considerando o contexto histórico do processo e da condenação de Galileu Galilei pela Inquisição de Roma, assinale a alternativa correta.

Alternativas
Q1665210 História

Sobre a iluminura ao lado, é INCORRETO afirmar:


Imagem associada para resolução da questão

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Q1665199 Biologia
Para aumentar a produção agrícola em uma região marcada por forte sazonalidade climática, com períodos de seca prolongados, foram construídas barragens para melhorar a irrigação. A produção de alimentos aumentou, de fato. Porém, dadas as condições ruins de saneamento básico, também houve aumento de uma parasitose comum em países subdesenvolvidos. Qual foi a parasitose que aumentou como consequência dessa alteração feita pelo homem?
Alternativas
Q1665196 Biologia
O hipotálamo é uma importante região encefálica, responsável pela homeostase corporal, a qual desencadeia mudanças fisiológicas como parte do processo de controle da temperatura corporal em humanos quando está abaixo do normal. Assinale a alternativa na qual estão apresentadas as mudanças desencadeadas nessa situação.
Alternativas
Q1665195 Biologia
Os sistemas de classificação dos seres vivos mudaram ao longo do tempo. Partindo de uma situação em que os seres vivos eram imutáveis, como pensava Lineu, para outra em que se percebem as alterações ao longo do tempo, o conceito de espécie foi sendo alterado. Os critérios utilizados nos sistemas de classificação, em ordem cronológica, são:
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Q1665194 Biologia
O sarampo é uma doença infecciosa grave que foi erradicada no Brasil em 2016, graças a bem-sucedidas campanhas de vacinação massiva da população. A primeira dose da vacina do sarampo deve ser aplicada às crianças com 1 ano de idade, e aos 15 meses as crianças recebem uma dose de reforço. Segundo dados do Programa Nacional de Imunizações do Ministério da Saúde, nos últimos dois anos a meta de ter 95% da população-alvo vacinada não foi alcançada. Em 2018 ocorreram novos casos de sarampo em 11 estados brasileiros. Atualmente, o Brasil não é mais considerado um país livre do vírus do sarampo. A respeito da vacina do sarampo, é correto afirmar:
Alternativas
Q1665192 Biologia

Uma grande população de insetos de uma determinada espécie é submetida a um dado inseticida por um período prolongado de tempo. Como consequência, os indivíduos sensíveis ao inseticida morrem e os resistentes a ele sobrevivem. A respeito da seleção natural atuante nessa população, considere as seguintes afirmativas:


1. Por promover o aumento da ocorrência de mutações de resistência ao inseticida, a seleção natural direcional ajustou a frequência dos insetos resistentes.

2. Geração após geração, a seleção natural estabilizadora promove o aumento da ocorrência de mutações de resistência ao inseticida.

3. Insetos resistentes ao inseticida aumentam de frequência, geração após geração, pela ação da seleção natural estabilizadora.

4. A seleção natural direcional favorece os insetos resistentes ao inseticida, que irão aumentar de frequência geração após geração.


Assinale a alternativa correta.

Alternativas
Q1665191 Biologia
Considere o cruzamento parental entre dois indivíduos de linhagens puras e contrastantes para duas características: pelos pretos e longos x pelos brancos e curtos. A geração F1 era constituída por 100% de indivíduos com pelos pretos e longos. Considerando que as características de cor e comprimento dos pelos são condicionadas cada uma por um gene e que esses genes têm segregação independente, a proporção esperada entre 240 indivíduos da F2 é:
Alternativas
Q1623387 Inglês
Britain bans gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040



      Britain will ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040 as part of a bid to clean up the country’s air. The decision to phase out the internal combustion engine heralds a new era of low-emission technologies with major implications for the auto industry, society and the environment. “We can’t carry on with diesel and petrol cars”, U.K. environment secretary Michael Gove told the BBC on Wednesday. “There is no alternative to embracing new technology”. Almost 2.7 million new cars were registered in the U.K. in 2016, making it the second biggest market in Europe after Germany.
      Meeting the 2040 deadline will be a heavy lift. British demand for electric and fuel cell cars, as well as plug-in hybrids, grew 40% in 2015, but they only accounted for less than 3% of the market. Still, experts say sales of clean cars are likely to continue on their dramatic upward trajectory.
      The car industry says that demand for electric vehicles will only reach a tipping point once they're cheaper to own than conventional vehicles.
      The deadline was announced by the government on Wednesday as part of a plan to reduce air pollution. The blueprint highlighted roughly £1.4 billion in government investment designed to help ensure that every vehicle on the road in Britain produces zero emissions by 2050.
     Gove said action was needed because gasoline and diesel engines contribute to health problems, “accelerate climate change, do damage to the planet and the next generation”. Roughly 40,000 deaths in Britain each year are attributable to outdoor air pollution, according to a study published last year by the Royal College of Physicians. Dirty air has been linked to cancer, asthma, stroke and heart disease, among other health issues.
     The problem is especially pronounced in big cities. London surpassed the European Union’s annual limit for nitrogen dioxide exposure just five days into the new year, according to King’s College. The university estimates that air pollution is responsible for 9,400 premature deaths in the city every year.
     The timeline for ending sales of internal combustion engines mirrors one proposed in early July by France. President Emmanuel Macron has given the auto industry the same deadline to make the switch to cleaner tech.
     “We are quite rightly in a position of global leadership when it comes to shaping new technology”, Gove said. But the auto industry, which supports over 800,000 jobs in the U.K., is wary of hard deadlines.
     Other countries have been even more ambitious than the U.K. India is planning to stop selling gas-powered vehicles by 2030.
      The German car industry and government officials will meet in early August to discuss the future of diesel engine technology. Manufacturers are trying to avoid diesel cars being banned from German towns and cities. 
Consider the following excerpt taken from the text:

British demand for electric and fuel cell cars, as well as plug-in hybrids, grew 40% in 2015, but they only accounted for less than 3% of the market.

Choose the alternative that conveys the same meaning of the excerpt above.
Alternativas
Q1623386 Inglês
Britain bans gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040



      Britain will ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040 as part of a bid to clean up the country’s air. The decision to phase out the internal combustion engine heralds a new era of low-emission technologies with major implications for the auto industry, society and the environment. “We can’t carry on with diesel and petrol cars”, U.K. environment secretary Michael Gove told the BBC on Wednesday. “There is no alternative to embracing new technology”. Almost 2.7 million new cars were registered in the U.K. in 2016, making it the second biggest market in Europe after Germany.
      Meeting the 2040 deadline will be a heavy lift. British demand for electric and fuel cell cars, as well as plug-in hybrids, grew 40% in 2015, but they only accounted for less than 3% of the market. Still, experts say sales of clean cars are likely to continue on their dramatic upward trajectory.
      The car industry says that demand for electric vehicles will only reach a tipping point once they're cheaper to own than conventional vehicles.
      The deadline was announced by the government on Wednesday as part of a plan to reduce air pollution. The blueprint highlighted roughly £1.4 billion in government investment designed to help ensure that every vehicle on the road in Britain produces zero emissions by 2050.
     Gove said action was needed because gasoline and diesel engines contribute to health problems, “accelerate climate change, do damage to the planet and the next generation”. Roughly 40,000 deaths in Britain each year are attributable to outdoor air pollution, according to a study published last year by the Royal College of Physicians. Dirty air has been linked to cancer, asthma, stroke and heart disease, among other health issues.
     The problem is especially pronounced in big cities. London surpassed the European Union’s annual limit for nitrogen dioxide exposure just five days into the new year, according to King’s College. The university estimates that air pollution is responsible for 9,400 premature deaths in the city every year.
     The timeline for ending sales of internal combustion engines mirrors one proposed in early July by France. President Emmanuel Macron has given the auto industry the same deadline to make the switch to cleaner tech.
     “We are quite rightly in a position of global leadership when it comes to shaping new technology”, Gove said. But the auto industry, which supports over 800,000 jobs in the U.K., is wary of hard deadlines.
     Other countries have been even more ambitious than the U.K. India is planning to stop selling gas-powered vehicles by 2030.
      The German car industry and government officials will meet in early August to discuss the future of diesel engine technology. Manufacturers are trying to avoid diesel cars being banned from German towns and cities. 
Com base no texto, considere as seguintes afirmativas:

1. No primeiro parágrafo, a palavra em negrito e sublinhada (“it”) refere-se ao Reino Unido.
2. No segundo parágrafo, a palavra em negrito e sublinhada (“they”) refere-se a “electric, fuel cell and pug-in hybrid cars”.
3. No terceiro parágrafo, a palavra em negrito e sublinhada (“they”) refere-se a “conventional vehicles”.
4. No oitavo parágrafo, a palavra “we” em negrito e sublinhada refere-se ao governo da França.

Assinale a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Q1623385 Inglês
Britain bans gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040



      Britain will ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040 as part of a bid to clean up the country’s air. The decision to phase out the internal combustion engine heralds a new era of low-emission technologies with major implications for the auto industry, society and the environment. “We can’t carry on with diesel and petrol cars”, U.K. environment secretary Michael Gove told the BBC on Wednesday. “There is no alternative to embracing new technology”. Almost 2.7 million new cars were registered in the U.K. in 2016, making it the second biggest market in Europe after Germany.
      Meeting the 2040 deadline will be a heavy lift. British demand for electric and fuel cell cars, as well as plug-in hybrids, grew 40% in 2015, but they only accounted for less than 3% of the market. Still, experts say sales of clean cars are likely to continue on their dramatic upward trajectory.
      The car industry says that demand for electric vehicles will only reach a tipping point once they're cheaper to own than conventional vehicles.
      The deadline was announced by the government on Wednesday as part of a plan to reduce air pollution. The blueprint highlighted roughly £1.4 billion in government investment designed to help ensure that every vehicle on the road in Britain produces zero emissions by 2050.
     Gove said action was needed because gasoline and diesel engines contribute to health problems, “accelerate climate change, do damage to the planet and the next generation”. Roughly 40,000 deaths in Britain each year are attributable to outdoor air pollution, according to a study published last year by the Royal College of Physicians. Dirty air has been linked to cancer, asthma, stroke and heart disease, among other health issues.
     The problem is especially pronounced in big cities. London surpassed the European Union’s annual limit for nitrogen dioxide exposure just five days into the new year, according to King’s College. The university estimates that air pollution is responsible for 9,400 premature deaths in the city every year.
     The timeline for ending sales of internal combustion engines mirrors one proposed in early July by France. President Emmanuel Macron has given the auto industry the same deadline to make the switch to cleaner tech.
     “We are quite rightly in a position of global leadership when it comes to shaping new technology”, Gove said. But the auto industry, which supports over 800,000 jobs in the U.K., is wary of hard deadlines.
     Other countries have been even more ambitious than the U.K. India is planning to stop selling gas-powered vehicles by 2030.
      The German car industry and government officials will meet in early August to discuss the future of diesel engine technology. Manufacturers are trying to avoid diesel cars being banned from German towns and cities. 
The main idea of the text is related to:
Alternativas
Q1623384 Inglês
Britain bans gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040



      Britain will ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040 as part of a bid to clean up the country’s air. The decision to phase out the internal combustion engine heralds a new era of low-emission technologies with major implications for the auto industry, society and the environment. “We can’t carry on with diesel and petrol cars”, U.K. environment secretary Michael Gove told the BBC on Wednesday. “There is no alternative to embracing new technology”. Almost 2.7 million new cars were registered in the U.K. in 2016, making it the second biggest market in Europe after Germany.
      Meeting the 2040 deadline will be a heavy lift. British demand for electric and fuel cell cars, as well as plug-in hybrids, grew 40% in 2015, but they only accounted for less than 3% of the market. Still, experts say sales of clean cars are likely to continue on their dramatic upward trajectory.
      The car industry says that demand for electric vehicles will only reach a tipping point once they're cheaper to own than conventional vehicles.
      The deadline was announced by the government on Wednesday as part of a plan to reduce air pollution. The blueprint highlighted roughly £1.4 billion in government investment designed to help ensure that every vehicle on the road in Britain produces zero emissions by 2050.
     Gove said action was needed because gasoline and diesel engines contribute to health problems, “accelerate climate change, do damage to the planet and the next generation”. Roughly 40,000 deaths in Britain each year are attributable to outdoor air pollution, according to a study published last year by the Royal College of Physicians. Dirty air has been linked to cancer, asthma, stroke and heart disease, among other health issues.
     The problem is especially pronounced in big cities. London surpassed the European Union’s annual limit for nitrogen dioxide exposure just five days into the new year, according to King’s College. The university estimates that air pollution is responsible for 9,400 premature deaths in the city every year.
     The timeline for ending sales of internal combustion engines mirrors one proposed in early July by France. President Emmanuel Macron has given the auto industry the same deadline to make the switch to cleaner tech.
     “We are quite rightly in a position of global leadership when it comes to shaping new technology”, Gove said. But the auto industry, which supports over 800,000 jobs in the U.K., is wary of hard deadlines.
     Other countries have been even more ambitious than the U.K. India is planning to stop selling gas-powered vehicles by 2030.
      The German car industry and government officials will meet in early August to discuss the future of diesel engine technology. Manufacturers are trying to avoid diesel cars being banned from German towns and cities. 
According to the text, choose the correct alternative.
Alternativas
Q1623383 Inglês
Britain bans gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040



      Britain will ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040 as part of a bid to clean up the country’s air. The decision to phase out the internal combustion engine heralds a new era of low-emission technologies with major implications for the auto industry, society and the environment. “We can’t carry on with diesel and petrol cars”, U.K. environment secretary Michael Gove told the BBC on Wednesday. “There is no alternative to embracing new technology”. Almost 2.7 million new cars were registered in the U.K. in 2016, making it the second biggest market in Europe after Germany.
      Meeting the 2040 deadline will be a heavy lift. British demand for electric and fuel cell cars, as well as plug-in hybrids, grew 40% in 2015, but they only accounted for less than 3% of the market. Still, experts say sales of clean cars are likely to continue on their dramatic upward trajectory.
      The car industry says that demand for electric vehicles will only reach a tipping point once they're cheaper to own than conventional vehicles.
      The deadline was announced by the government on Wednesday as part of a plan to reduce air pollution. The blueprint highlighted roughly £1.4 billion in government investment designed to help ensure that every vehicle on the road in Britain produces zero emissions by 2050.
     Gove said action was needed because gasoline and diesel engines contribute to health problems, “accelerate climate change, do damage to the planet and the next generation”. Roughly 40,000 deaths in Britain each year are attributable to outdoor air pollution, according to a study published last year by the Royal College of Physicians. Dirty air has been linked to cancer, asthma, stroke and heart disease, among other health issues.
     The problem is especially pronounced in big cities. London surpassed the European Union’s annual limit for nitrogen dioxide exposure just five days into the new year, according to King’s College. The university estimates that air pollution is responsible for 9,400 premature deaths in the city every year.
     The timeline for ending sales of internal combustion engines mirrors one proposed in early July by France. President Emmanuel Macron has given the auto industry the same deadline to make the switch to cleaner tech.
     “We are quite rightly in a position of global leadership when it comes to shaping new technology”, Gove said. But the auto industry, which supports over 800,000 jobs in the U.K., is wary of hard deadlines.
     Other countries have been even more ambitious than the U.K. India is planning to stop selling gas-powered vehicles by 2030.
      The German car industry and government officials will meet in early August to discuss the future of diesel engine technology. Manufacturers are trying to avoid diesel cars being banned from German towns and cities. 

Consider the following numbers:


1. 2.7 million new clean energy cars were registered in the U.K. in 2016.

2. 40,000 of British deaths yearly are said to be caused by pollution related diseases.

3. Car industry in Britain is cautious about having specific dates for banning internal combustion energy cars because it supports over 800.000 jobs in the UK.


Mark the correct alternative.

Alternativas
Q1623382 Inglês
Consider the following excerpt:

Difficulty interpreting what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’ is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time. Dr Company explained that if she is giving a talk in Mexico and goes over her allotted time, Mexicans “feel like I am giving them a gift”. In the UK or the US, however, “The audience starts to leave, feeling like I am wasting their time”.

Choose the alternative that conveys the same meaning of the excerpt above.
Alternativas
Respostas
161: B
162: C
163: C
164: B
165: D
166: B
167: C
168: A
169: D
170: A
171: E
172: D
173: A
174: C
175: E
176: A
177: A
178: C
179: D
180: C