Questões de Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension para Concurso

What's new in English language teaching?

This is an article about new trends in English language teaching (ELT) resources, but none of the trends that follow are, strictly speaking, new.

Take, for example, the idea of spaced repetition, which is a buzzword at the moment. Back in 1885 (I told you it wasn’t a new idea), Hermann Ebbinghaus carried out an experiment designed to measure how quickly we forget. He discovered that, unless new information is reinforced, we quickly forget what we have learned. In the 1930s, other researchers followed this up by looking at how often we need to reinforce new information, and found that spacing out repetition – revising the information every two days, then every four, then every eight, and so on – was most effective.

[…]

Another way in which digitalisation is affecting ELT resources is in the way it's connecting learners with the outside world. Students nowadays have access to an incredible amount of English-language material online. But while this is clearly beneficial, it can also be a bit overwhelming. Students don’t always know where to go for the most appropriate material. For teachers, the amount of time needed to find, select and prepare materials can be off-putting.

Disponível em: <https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/whats-new-english-languageteaching>. Acesso em: 19 fev. 2017.

De acordo com o trecho, a autora afirma que

Teaching approaches: what is audiolingualism?

There seems to be a widely held perception amongst language teachers that methods and approaches have finite historical boundaries – that the Grammar-Translation approach is dead, for example. Similarly, audiolingualism was in vogue in the 1960s but died out in the 70s after Chomsky’s famous attack on behaviorism in language learning.

In this context, it is worth considering for a moment what goes on in the typical language learning classroom. Do you ever ask your students to repeat phrases or whole sentences, for example? Do you drill the pronunciation and intonation of utterances? […] If the answer to any of these questions is yes, then, consciously or unconsciously, you are using techniques that are features of the audiolingual approach. This approach has its roots in the USA during World War II […].

The audiolingual approach was also based on the behaviorist theory of learning, which held that language […] is a form of behavior. In the behaviorist view, language is elicited by a stimulus and that stimulus then triggers a response. The response in turn then produces some kind of reinforcement, which, if positive, encourages the repetition of the response in the future or, if negative, its suppression. When transposed to the classroom, this gives us the classic pattern drill- Model […]. In its purest form audiolingualism aims to promote mechanical habit-formation through repetition […].

While some of this might seem amusingly rigid in these enlightened times, it is worth reflecting on actual classroom practice and noticing when activities occur that can be said to have their basis in the audiolingual approach. Most teachers will at some point require learners to repeat examples of grammatical structures […]. Although the audiolingual approach in its purest form has many weaknesses, to dismiss the audiolingual approach as an outmoded method of the 1960s is to ignore the reality of current classroom practice […].

Disponível em: <http://www.onestopenglish.com/methodology/methodology/teachingapproaches/teaching-approaches-what-is-audiolingualism/146488.article>. Acesso em: 15 fev. 2017.

Na leitura do texto, considera-se que

What do you mean? Oh, oh

When you nod your head yes

But you wanna say no

What do you mean? Hey-ey

When you don't want me to move

But you tell me to go

What do you mean?

Oh, what do you mean?

Said you're running out of time, what do you mean?

Oh, oh, oh, what do you mean?

Better make up your mind

What do you mean?

You’re so indecisive of what I’m saying

Tryna catch the beat, make up your heart

Don't know if you're happy or complaining

Don't want for us to end, where do I start?

First you wanna go to the left then you wanna turn right

[…]

Disponível em:

<https://www.google.com.br/search?q=justin+bieber&biw=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&

sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwi3ndKZuZrSAhXFeCYKHbYYBJ8Q_AUICSgE#tbm=isch&q=albuns+do+justin>.

Acesso em: 15 fev. 2017.

Os trechos destacados são traduzidos, respectivamente, por:

My Bully Dressed Up as Me for Halloween

Halloween my freshman year in high school was the scariest day of my life. But it wasn't scary because of a ghost or a monster – it was scary because in one moment, my life turned upside down.

Just a year before, I moved from New York to California. While in New York, I had been relentlessly bullied. And when I moved to California and started a new life, it seemed like a giant Band-Aid had "fixed" the problem. I had new friends, I started acting in plays and writing stories, and the bullying had stopped.

[…]

I got a text message from a classmate I had known in New York. The text included a photo of a girl I didn't know wearing a big sign around her neck. The sign had my name on it: Aija Mayrock. I was so confused. Who was this person? I went on Facebook and saw dozens of people posting the same picture. A girl whom I'd never met dressed up as "me" for Halloween.

[…]

Disponível em: <http://www.seventeen.com/life/real-girl-stories/a32006/my-bully-dressed-up-as-me-for-halloween/>.

Acesso em: 15 fev. 2017.

De acordo com o texto,

Disponível em: <http://reallifeglobal.com/learning-english-comics-calvin-and-hobbes/>. Acesso em: 19 fev. 2017.

Na tirinha, a expressão “put up with” significa