Questões de Concurso Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

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Q1696972 Inglês

Text 29A4-I


       Plans for international trips in 2020 were brought to an abrupt halt by the Covid-19 pandemic. Around the world, once-crowded sights lay dormant.

     The statistics speak for themselves. On 13 October, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) said that international traffic “has all but disappeared”, with airlines carrying only about 10% of normal levels.

    By IATA’s estimate, Covid-caused disruptions put more than 41 million jobs at risk across the travel and tourism sector.

   In the absence of travellers, tourism boards, hotels and destinations have turned to virtual reality (VR) — a technology still in its relative infancy — to keep would-be visitors interested and prepare for the long road to recovery.

    What began for many as a temporary stop-gap measure may now be a long-term tool. IATA predicts that travel will not resume to pre-pandemic levels until 2024.

   Faced with a new reality of diminished tourism, many believe that Covid-19 might be the watershed moment for VR that changes perceptions from a clever and occasional marketing trick to a permanent fixture of tourism marketing.  

Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).

According to text 29A4-I, the tourism sector
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Q1696971 Inglês

Text 29A4-I


       Plans for international trips in 2020 were brought to an abrupt halt by the Covid-19 pandemic. Around the world, once-crowded sights lay dormant.

     The statistics speak for themselves. On 13 October, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) said that international traffic “has all but disappeared”, with airlines carrying only about 10% of normal levels.

    By IATA’s estimate, Covid-caused disruptions put more than 41 million jobs at risk across the travel and tourism sector.

   In the absence of travellers, tourism boards, hotels and destinations have turned to virtual reality (VR) — a technology still in its relative infancy — to keep would-be visitors interested and prepare for the long road to recovery.

    What began for many as a temporary stop-gap measure may now be a long-term tool. IATA predicts that travel will not resume to pre-pandemic levels until 2024.

   Faced with a new reality of diminished tourism, many believe that Covid-19 might be the watershed moment for VR that changes perceptions from a clever and occasional marketing trick to a permanent fixture of tourism marketing.  

Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).

In text 29A4-I, the expression “What began for many as a temporary stop-gap measure” (at the beginning of the fifth pararagraph) refers to
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Q1692258 Inglês
Drones could help create a quantum internet

    The quantum internet may be coming to you via drone.
    Scientists have now used drones to transmit particles of light, or photons, that share the quantum linkage called entanglement. The photons were sent to two locations a kilometer apart, researchers report in a study to appear.
    Entangled quantum particles can retain their interconnected properties even when separated by long distances. Such counterintuitive behavior can be harnessed to allow new types of communication.
    Quantum networks made with fiber-optic cables are already beginning to be used. And a quantum satellite can transmit photons across China. Drones could serve as another technology for such networks, with the advantages of being easily movable as well as relatively quick and cheap to deploy.
    In the future, fleets of drones could work together to send entangled particles to recipients in a variety of locations. 
De acordo com o texto:
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Q1692092 Inglês
“When pigs fly” means in Portuguese:
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Q1692087 Inglês
[…] The teen years are ripe for producing conflict in the family. The relationship between parents and their children may include these typical areas of conflict:
• School performance;
• The teen's choice of friends;
• Spending time with the family versus with peers;
• Disputes over the teen´s curfew;
• Cars and driving privileges;
• Dating and sexuality;
• Clothing, hair styles and makeup;
• Self destructive behaviors such as smoking, drinking and using drugs.[…]

Adapted from: MARQUES, Amadeu. On
stage 3.São Paulo: Ática, 2010. 
“The teen years are ripe…” In that context, the underlined word means:
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Q1692086 Inglês
[…] The teen years are ripe for producing conflict in the family. The relationship between parents and their children may include these typical areas of conflict:
• School performance;
• The teen's choice of friends;
• Spending time with the family versus with peers;
• Disputes over the teen´s curfew;
• Cars and driving privileges;
• Dating and sexuality;
• Clothing, hair styles and makeup;
• Self destructive behaviors such as smoking, drinking and using drugs.[…]

Adapted from: MARQUES, Amadeu. On
stage 3.São Paulo: Ática, 2010. 
The text points:
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Q1689531 Inglês
Text 3A03-III


The World’s Largest Tropical Wetland Has Become an Inferno

    This year, roughly a quarter of the vast Pantanal wetland in Brazil, one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, has burned in wildfires worsened by climate change. What happens to a rich and unique biome when so much is destroyed?
     The unprecedented fires in the wetland have attracted less attention than blazes in Australia, the Western United States and the Amazon, its celebrity sibling to the north. But while the Pantanal is not a global household name, tourists in the know flock there because it is home to exceptionally high concentrations of breathtaking wildlife: Jaguars, tapirs, endangered giant otters and bright blue hyacinth macaws. Like a vast tub, the wetland swells with water during the rainy season and empties out during the dry months. Fittingly, this rhythm has a name that evokes a beating heart: the flood pulse.
     The wetland, which is larger than Greece and stretches over parts of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, also offers unseen gifts to a vast swath of South America by regulating the water cycle upon which life depends. Its countless swamps, lagoons and tributaries purify water and help prevent floods and droughts. They also store untold amounts of carbon, helping to stabilize the climate.
     For centuries, ranchers have used fire to clear fields and new land. But this year, drought worsened by climate change turned the wetlands into a tinderbox and the fires raged out of control.

Catrin Einhorn, Maria Magdalena Arréllaga, Blacki Migliozzi
and Scott Reinhard. Oct. 13, 2020.
Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapeted) 
According to text 3A3-III,
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Q1689530 Inglês
Text 3A03-III


The World’s Largest Tropical Wetland Has Become an Inferno

    This year, roughly a quarter of the vast Pantanal wetland in Brazil, one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, has burned in wildfires worsened by climate change. What happens to a rich and unique biome when so much is destroyed?
     The unprecedented fires in the wetland have attracted less attention than blazes in Australia, the Western United States and the Amazon, its celebrity sibling to the north. But while the Pantanal is not a global household name, tourists in the know flock there because it is home to exceptionally high concentrations of breathtaking wildlife: Jaguars, tapirs, endangered giant otters and bright blue hyacinth macaws. Like a vast tub, the wetland swells with water during the rainy season and empties out during the dry months. Fittingly, this rhythm has a name that evokes a beating heart: the flood pulse.
     The wetland, which is larger than Greece and stretches over parts of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, also offers unseen gifts to a vast swath of South America by regulating the water cycle upon which life depends. Its countless swamps, lagoons and tributaries purify water and help prevent floods and droughts. They also store untold amounts of carbon, helping to stabilize the climate.
     For centuries, ranchers have used fire to clear fields and new land. But this year, drought worsened by climate change turned the wetlands into a tinderbox and the fires raged out of control.

Catrin Einhorn, Maria Magdalena Arréllaga, Blacki Migliozzi
and Scott Reinhard. Oct. 13, 2020.
Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapeted) 
According to text 3A3-III,
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Q1689527 Inglês
Text 3A3-II

Why Joe Biden Saw Mixed Success With Latinos 

    Democrats' long-term hopes for electoral success have long cited the growing Latino population in the country. But former Vice President Joe Biden's performance in heavily Latino areas of key states has concerned members of his party — and may have cost him Electoral College votes, according to groups and activists working to mobilize Latino voters.
     Nationally, Biden appears to have gotten support from roughly twice as many Latino voters as President Trump, but that support looked very different depending on where you looked in three key states with large Latino populations.
     Democrats were pleased with their performance in Arizona, where The Associated Press awarded Biden the state's 11 electoral votes early Wednesday morning, while anxiety ran high about the results in Florida, where President Trump's strength with conservative Cuban American voters helped secure him that state's 29 electoral votes, according to AP. And while Texas was a long shot for Biden, Democrats had seen opportunity in the explosive growth in the state's Latino population.
     During a post-election virtual press conference on Wednesday, leaders from groups aimed at mobilizing Latino voters expressed frustration that the votes of Latinos were not more aggressively pursued, even as they cheered record levels of turnout among Latinos in some key states.

Internet: <www.npr.org> (adapted)
It can be inferred from text 3A3-II that
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Q1689526 Inglês
Text 3A3-II

Why Joe Biden Saw Mixed Success With Latinos 

    Democrats' long-term hopes for electoral success have long cited the growing Latino population in the country. But former Vice President Joe Biden's performance in heavily Latino areas of key states has concerned members of his party — and may have cost him Electoral College votes, according to groups and activists working to mobilize Latino voters.
     Nationally, Biden appears to have gotten support from roughly twice as many Latino voters as President Trump, but that support looked very different depending on where you looked in three key states with large Latino populations.
     Democrats were pleased with their performance in Arizona, where The Associated Press awarded Biden the state's 11 electoral votes early Wednesday morning, while anxiety ran high about the results in Florida, where President Trump's strength with conservative Cuban American voters helped secure him that state's 29 electoral votes, according to AP. And while Texas was a long shot for Biden, Democrats had seen opportunity in the explosive growth in the state's Latino population.
     During a post-election virtual press conference on Wednesday, leaders from groups aimed at mobilizing Latino voters expressed frustration that the votes of Latinos were not more aggressively pursued, even as they cheered record levels of turnout among Latinos in some key states.

Internet: <www.npr.org> (adapted)
According to text 3A3-II,
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Q1689524 Inglês
In the last box of text 3A3-I, the patient reacts to the doctor's words by
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Q1689523 Inglês
In the comic strip in text 3A3-I, the strategy suggested by the doctor with longer hair to make patients follow the treatment they need is
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Q1689518 Inglês
Text 3A2-II


    It was Maria’s first day at school, her first week in the United States. Her middle school in San Francisco was the biggest building she’d ever seen. It was bigger than the entire Best Buy store she’d walked through in awe on her first day in the city.
     Eventually, Maria found her way to class, a special setting for Spanish-speaking newcomers. There she would practice English words for colors and numbers, learn how to introduce herself and how to say thank you. By eighth grade she was moved into mainstream classes, where she struggled. It didn’t help that her math teacher started each class by saying, “Okay, my little dummies.” He spoke really fast. Maria never raised her hand in his class.
     One day Maria stopped by the administrative office, looking for someone to help her with multiplication. She took her spot in line behind a middle-aged woman who chatted with her in Spanish as they waited. Maria said school was really hard for her. The woman told her not to worry. “Latinas usually don’t finish high school,” she said. “They go to work or raise kids.”
     The woman was right, statistically speaking, and Maria’s middle-school experience all but ensured she’d join the 52 percent of foreign-born Latinos who drop out of high school. She graduated from eighth grade without learning to speak English. She had a hard time writing in Spanish and didn’t know how to multiply.

Everything you’ve heard about failing schools is wrong.
Internet: <www.motherjones.com> (adapted).
The expression “in awe” (in the second sentence of the first paragraph) indicates a feeling that is a mixture of
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Q1689516 Inglês
Text 3A2-I


    “Millions of children, every year, start school excited about what they will learn, but quickly become disillusioned when they get the idea they are not as ‘smart’ as others,” writes Jo Boaler. That’s because parents and teachers inadvertently give out the message that talent is inborn — you either have it or you don’t.
     As a math professor, Boaler has seen this firsthand. Many young adults enter her class anxious about math, and their fear about learning impacts their ability to learn.
     “The myth that our brains are fixed and that we simply don’t have the aptitude for certain topics is not only scientifically inaccurate; it is omnipresent and negatively impacts not only education, but many other events in our everyday lives,” she writes. Even though the science of neuroplasticity — how our brains change in response to learning — suggests learning can take place at any age, this news has not made it into classrooms, she argues.
     Some of our misguided visions of talent have led to racist and sexist attitudes, she writes. For example, many girls get the message early on that math is for boys and that boys are better at it, interfering with their ability to succeed and leading to gender disparities in fields of study related to math. Similarly, people of color may also have to overcome stereotypes about fixed intelligence in order to thrive.

How understanding your brain can help you learn.
Internet: <greatergood.berkeley.edu> (adapted)
The word ‘“inadvertently’” (in the second sentence of the first paragraph) conveys the idea that something is done
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Q1689515 Inglês
Text 3A2-I


    “Millions of children, every year, start school excited about what they will learn, but quickly become disillusioned when they get the idea they are not as ‘smart’ as others,” writes Jo Boaler. That’s because parents and teachers inadvertently give out the message that talent is inborn — you either have it or you don’t.
     As a math professor, Boaler has seen this firsthand. Many young adults enter her class anxious about math, and their fear about learning impacts their ability to learn.
     “The myth that our brains are fixed and that we simply don’t have the aptitude for certain topics is not only scientifically inaccurate; it is omnipresent and negatively impacts not only education, but many other events in our everyday lives,” she writes. Even though the science of neuroplasticity — how our brains change in response to learning — suggests learning can take place at any age, this news has not made it into classrooms, she argues.
     Some of our misguided visions of talent have led to racist and sexist attitudes, she writes. For example, many girls get the message early on that math is for boys and that boys are better at it, interfering with their ability to succeed and leading to gender disparities in fields of study related to math. Similarly, people of color may also have to overcome stereotypes about fixed intelligence in order to thrive.

How understanding your brain can help you learn.
Internet: <greatergood.berkeley.edu> (adapted)
According to Jo Boaler, who is quoted in text 3A2-I, the modern understanding of the brain’s flexibility
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Q1689512 Inglês
Text 3A2-I


    “Millions of children, every year, start school excited about what they will learn, but quickly become disillusioned when they get the idea they are not as ‘smart’ as others,” writes Jo Boaler. That’s because parents and teachers inadvertently give out the message that talent is inborn — you either have it or you don’t.
     As a math professor, Boaler has seen this firsthand. Many young adults enter her class anxious about math, and their fear about learning impacts their ability to learn.
     “The myth that our brains are fixed and that we simply don’t have the aptitude for certain topics is not only scientifically inaccurate; it is omnipresent and negatively impacts not only education, but many other events in our everyday lives,” she writes. Even though the science of neuroplasticity — how our brains change in response to learning — suggests learning can take place at any age, this news has not made it into classrooms, she argues.
     Some of our misguided visions of talent have led to racist and sexist attitudes, she writes. For example, many girls get the message early on that math is for boys and that boys are better at it, interfering with their ability to succeed and leading to gender disparities in fields of study related to math. Similarly, people of color may also have to overcome stereotypes about fixed intelligence in order to thrive.

How understanding your brain can help you learn.
Internet: <greatergood.berkeley.edu> (adapted)
In text 3A2-I, “misguided visions of talent” (in the fourth paragraph) refers to the idea that
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Q1689511 Inglês
Text 3A1-III


    For Stephen Krashen, the disruption to traditional education during Covid-19 may reveal some unexpected benefits. How teachers and parents can harness the opportunity to teach language — including heritage languages — during remote learning?
     Many parents and teachers are understandably anxious about remote learning, as instruction has become less traditional.
     However, Krashen notes, “We do not acquire language by study, or by speaking or writing. We acquire in only one way: by understanding what we hear or read. What we call ‘comprehensible input.’ The ability to produce language is the result of getting the right kind of input.”
     With less focus on traditional language education, i.e., practicing memorized rules and grammar through speaking until they become automatic, students are free to acquire language in a more effective way.
     According to Stephen Krashen’s theory of language acquisition, comprehensible input is language that can be understood by listeners even if they don’t fully comprehend all of the vocabulary and grammar in use. Input is essential to acquisition, as it informs learners’ subconscious understanding of a language.
     While online education may isolate students at home, it shouldn’t negatively impact language learning. “We don’t need massive amounts of interaction to acquire language. We need massive amounts of input,” says Krashen.

Internet: <languagemagazine.com> (adapted)
It can be concluded from text 3A1-III that ‘comprehensible input’ refers to
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Q1689510 Inglês
Text 3A1-III


    For Stephen Krashen, the disruption to traditional education during Covid-19 may reveal some unexpected benefits. How teachers and parents can harness the opportunity to teach language — including heritage languages — during remote learning?
     Many parents and teachers are understandably anxious about remote learning, as instruction has become less traditional.
     However, Krashen notes, “We do not acquire language by study, or by speaking or writing. We acquire in only one way: by understanding what we hear or read. What we call ‘comprehensible input.’ The ability to produce language is the result of getting the right kind of input.”
     With less focus on traditional language education, i.e., practicing memorized rules and grammar through speaking until they become automatic, students are free to acquire language in a more effective way.
     According to Stephen Krashen’s theory of language acquisition, comprehensible input is language that can be understood by listeners even if they don’t fully comprehend all of the vocabulary and grammar in use. Input is essential to acquisition, as it informs learners’ subconscious understanding of a language.
     While online education may isolate students at home, it shouldn’t negatively impact language learning. “We don’t need massive amounts of interaction to acquire language. We need massive amounts of input,” says Krashen.

Internet: <languagemagazine.com> (adapted)
According to text 3A1-III, language teachers
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Q1689509 Inglês
Text 3A1-III


    For Stephen Krashen, the disruption to traditional education during Covid-19 may reveal some unexpected benefits. How teachers and parents can harness the opportunity to teach language — including heritage languages — during remote learning?
     Many parents and teachers are understandably anxious about remote learning, as instruction has become less traditional.
     However, Krashen notes, “We do not acquire language by study, or by speaking or writing. We acquire in only one way: by understanding what we hear or read. What we call ‘comprehensible input.’ The ability to produce language is the result of getting the right kind of input.”
     With less focus on traditional language education, i.e., practicing memorized rules and grammar through speaking until they become automatic, students are free to acquire language in a more effective way.
     According to Stephen Krashen’s theory of language acquisition, comprehensible input is language that can be understood by listeners even if they don’t fully comprehend all of the vocabulary and grammar in use. Input is essential to acquisition, as it informs learners’ subconscious understanding of a language.
     While online education may isolate students at home, it shouldn’t negatively impact language learning. “We don’t need massive amounts of interaction to acquire language. We need massive amounts of input,” says Krashen.

Internet: <languagemagazine.com> (adapted)
According to text 3A1-III, remote learning
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Q1689507 Inglês
Text 3A1-II


    There is ample evidence that reading not only strengthens second language vocabulary, but also expands it as readers meet words, or the same word, in different contexts. After all, that is the way lexical vocabulary is acquired in real life, through hearing it in our first languages.
    Apart from learning vocabulary, learners also learn new structures, which can form a strong scaffolding both for learning other new structures and introducing grammatical items to a class.
     In listening to each other read, discuss points in groups, debate, or answer and their rationale, second language learners will sharpen both listening and speaking skills.
     There is no magic bullet, no single explanation for what teachers can do to ensure that their students learn to read a second or foreign language. Practice and plenty of it may be the only way out. 


J. Kembo. Using short texts to teach English as second language. Rongo University, Kenya. Universal Journal of Educational Research 4(12): 2735-2743, 2016 (adapted).
In the first sentence of the first paragraph of text 3A1-II, the word “as” conveys an idea of
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Respostas
3121: B
3122: E
3123: B
3124: C
3125: A
3126: D
3127: E
3128: A
3129: A
3130: A
3131: C
3132: B
3133: C
3134: B
3135: B
3136: B
3137: E
3138: D
3139: D
3140: E