Questões de Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension para Concurso

Foram encontradas 9.066 questões

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Q2922476
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2009 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: CESP Prova: VUNESP - 2009 - CESP - Engenheiro Recursos Hídricos |
Q2922476 Inglês

Para responder às questões de números 47 e 48, leia o texto.


Petrobras" investments are guaranteed until 2013


SÃO PAULO, 6/30/09 — The financial and investor relations director of Brazilian mixed-capital oil giant Petrobras, Almir Barbassa, said Monday that the company's investment plan is guaranteed until 2013.

Barbassa also mentioned that the company has been cutting down on costs and investments in order to ensure the exploration of the subsalt reserves. The executive pointed out that Petrobras” operating costs fell by 30% in the final quarter of 2008.

“We are also trying to cut down the equipment that will be used in the subsalt platform and lower labor costs by investing in automation”, Barbassa added.

Petrobras already has over US$30 billion in financing for its future oil and gas exploration and refining and gas transport infrastructure projects. “Petrobras expects to produce 5.7 million barrels of oil equivalent a day (boed) by 2020”, he added.

The 2009 production target is 2.7 million boed.

(www.indexet.investimentosenoticias.com.br/arquivo/2009/06/30/26/Petrobras-investments-are-guaranteed-until-2013.html)

According to the text,

Alternativas
Q2916226
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2010 Banca: FUNIVERSA Órgão: SECTEC-GO Prova: FUNIVERSA - 2010 - SECTEC-GO - Médico legista |
Q2916226 Inglês

Texto II, para responder às questões 8 e 9.


Criminal Intelligence Analysis

1 Criminal Intelligence Analysis (sometimes called

Crime Analysis) has been recognized by law enforcement as

a useful support tool for over twenty-five years and is

4 successfully used within the international community. Within

the last decade, the role and position of Criminal Intelligence

Analysis in the global law enforcement community has

7 fundamentally changed. Whereas previously there were a few

key countries acting as forerunners and promoters of the

discipline, more and more countries have implemented

10 analytical techniques within their police forces. International

organizations, such as INTERPOL, Europol and the

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

13 (ICTY), all have Criminal Intelligence Analysts among their

personnel. The techniques are also widely used within private

sector organizations.

16 There are many definitions of Criminal Intelligence

Analysis in use throughout the world. The one definition

agreed in June 1992 by an international group of twelve

19 European INTERPOL member countries and subsequently

adopted by other countries is as follows: 'The identification of

and provision of insight into the relationship between crime

22 data and other potentially relevant data with a view to police

and judicial practice'.

The central task of Analysis is to help officials — law

25 enforcers, policy makers, and decision makers — deal more

effectively with uncertainty, to provide timely warning of

threats, and to support operational activity by analysing crime.

28 Criminal Intelligence Analysis is divided into

operational (or tactical) and strategic analysis. The basic skills

required are similar, and the difference lies in the level of

31 detail and the type of client to whom the products are aimed.

Operational Analysis aims to achieve a specific law

enforcement outcome. This might be arrests, seizure or

34 forfeiture of assets or money gained from criminal activities,

or the disruption of a criminal group. Operational Analysis

usually has a more immediate benefit. Strategic Analysis is

37 intended to inform higher level decision making and the

benefits are realized over the longer term. It is usually aimed

at managers and policy-makers rather than individual

40 investigators. The intention is to provide early warning of

threats and to support senior decision-makers in setting

priorities to prepare their organizations to be able to deal with

43 emerging criminal issues. This might mean allocating

resources to different areas of crime, increased training in a

crime fighting technique, or taking steps to close a loophole in

46 a process.

Both disciplines make use of a range of analytical

techniques and Analysts need to have a range of skills and

49 attributes.


Internet: <www.interpol.int>.

About operational and strategic analysis, mark the correct alternative.

Alternativas
Q2916223
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2010 Banca: FUNIVERSA Órgão: SECTEC-GO Prova: FUNIVERSA - 2010 - SECTEC-GO - Médico legista |
Q2916223 Inglês

Texto II, para responder às questões 8 e 9.


Criminal Intelligence Analysis

1 Criminal Intelligence Analysis (sometimes called

Crime Analysis) has been recognized by law enforcement as

a useful support tool for over twenty-five years and is

4 successfully used within the international community. Within

the last decade, the role and position of Criminal Intelligence

Analysis in the global law enforcement community has

7 fundamentally changed. Whereas previously there were a few

key countries acting as forerunners and promoters of the

discipline, more and more countries have implemented

10 analytical techniques within their police forces. International

organizations, such as INTERPOL, Europol and the

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

13 (ICTY), all have Criminal Intelligence Analysts among their

personnel. The techniques are also widely used within private

sector organizations.

16 There are many definitions of Criminal Intelligence

Analysis in use throughout the world. The one definition

agreed in June 1992 by an international group of twelve

19 European INTERPOL member countries and subsequently

adopted by other countries is as follows: 'The identification of

and provision of insight into the relationship between crime

22 data and other potentially relevant data with a view to police

and judicial practice'.

The central task of Analysis is to help officials — law

25 enforcers, policy makers, and decision makers — deal more

effectively with uncertainty, to provide timely warning of

threats, and to support operational activity by analysing crime.

28 Criminal Intelligence Analysis is divided into

operational (or tactical) and strategic analysis. The basic skills

required are similar, and the difference lies in the level of

31 detail and the type of client to whom the products are aimed.

Operational Analysis aims to achieve a specific law

enforcement outcome. This might be arrests, seizure or

34 forfeiture of assets or money gained from criminal activities,

or the disruption of a criminal group. Operational Analysis

usually has a more immediate benefit. Strategic Analysis is

37 intended to inform higher level decision making and the

benefits are realized over the longer term. It is usually aimed

at managers and policy-makers rather than individual

40 investigators. The intention is to provide early warning of

threats and to support senior decision-makers in setting

priorities to prepare their organizations to be able to deal with

43 emerging criminal issues. This might mean allocating

resources to different areas of crime, increased training in a

crime fighting technique, or taking steps to close a loophole in

46 a process.

Both disciplines make use of a range of analytical

techniques and Analysts need to have a range of skills and

49 attributes.


Internet: <www.interpol.int>.

Mark the alternative that presents information which cannot be found in the text II.

Alternativas
Q2914046
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2012 Banca: FADESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Alenquer - PA Prova: FADESP - 2012 - Prefeitura de Alenquer - PA - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q2914046 Inglês

THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.


A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings

Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures, requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by the listener. Sustainable error free communication is rare, and in most human interactions there is some degree of miscommunication.
The message sent from speaker to listener contains a wide array of features, such as words, grammar, syntax, idioms, tone of voice, emphasis, speed, emotion, and body language, and the interpretation requires the listener to attend to all of these features, while at the same time constructing an understanding of the speaker's intentions, emotions, politeness, seriousness, character, beliefs, priorities, motivations, and style of communicating. In addition, the listener must also evaluate whether the utterance is a question or a statement and how and to what extent a statement matters to the speaker (Maltz and Borker, 1982).
Each of the components of the communication provides one or more kind of information. Words convey abstract logic, tone of voice conveys attitudes, emotions and emphases, and body language communicates "requests versus commands, the stages of greeting, and turn-taking" (Schneller 1988, p. 154).
Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures. For example, in some countries it is polite to refuse the first few offers of refreshment: "Many foreign guests have gone hungry because their U.S. host or hostess never presented a third offer" (Samovar and Porter 1988, p. 326). In understanding communication, a listener must pay attention not just to what is said and when, but also to how many times something is said, under what circumstances, and by whom. Given all this complexity, the reason human communication can often succeed is because people learn how to communicate and understand through interacting with one another throughout their lives. Therefore, it is no surprise that culture and socialization are critical determinants of communication and interpretation. "The entire inference process, from observation through categorization is a function of one's socialization" Detweiler (1975). Socialization influences how input will be received, and how perceptions will be organized conceptually and associated with memories.

The importance of culture to communication

Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but constitutes interpretation. The interpretation of communicative intent is not predictable on the basis of referential meaning alone. Matters of context, social presuppositions, knowledge of the world, and individual background all play an important role in interpretation (Gumperz, 1978b).
Even knowledgeable translators can have difficulty with cross-cultural translations. There may not be corresponding words or equivalent concepts in both cultures, jokes and implications may be overlooked, and literal translations can present a host of difficulties. Some language pairs are very difficult to translate, while others, usually in more similar languages, are much easier (Sechrest, Fay and Zaidi 1988).
While some of the incremental difficulties can be traced to the underlying linguistic commonalities between the languages, there may be a more elusive cultural and ecological basis for difficulty in translation. It would be interesting to test how much of the variance in communication could be accounted for by the ease with which the languages in question could be translated into one another.
Although it may facilitate cross-cultural translations, similarity of languages and cultures also increases the likelihood that communicators will erroneously assume similarity of meanings. This may make them more likely to misunderstand speech and behavior without being aware that they may have misinterpreted the speaker's message.
In general, cross-cultural miscommunication can be thought to derive from the mistaken belief that emics are etics, that words and deeds mean the same thing across cultures, and this miscalculation is perhaps more likely when cultures are similar in surface attributes but different in important underlying ways. In this case miscommunication may occur instead of non-communication.

(http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/cross.html )

The knowledge the speaker must have to compensate for breakdowns in communication due to limiting conditions in actual communication is labeled by Canale and Swain (1980) as

Alternativas
Q2914043
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2012 Banca: FADESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Alenquer - PA Prova: FADESP - 2012 - Prefeitura de Alenquer - PA - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q2914043 Inglês

THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.


A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings

Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures, requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by the listener. Sustainable error free communication is rare, and in most human interactions there is some degree of miscommunication.
The message sent from speaker to listener contains a wide array of features, such as words, grammar, syntax, idioms, tone of voice, emphasis, speed, emotion, and body language, and the interpretation requires the listener to attend to all of these features, while at the same time constructing an understanding of the speaker's intentions, emotions, politeness, seriousness, character, beliefs, priorities, motivations, and style of communicating. In addition, the listener must also evaluate whether the utterance is a question or a statement and how and to what extent a statement matters to the speaker (Maltz and Borker, 1982).
Each of the components of the communication provides one or more kind of information. Words convey abstract logic, tone of voice conveys attitudes, emotions and emphases, and body language communicates "requests versus commands, the stages of greeting, and turn-taking" (Schneller 1988, p. 154).
Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures. For example, in some countries it is polite to refuse the first few offers of refreshment: "Many foreign guests have gone hungry because their U.S. host or hostess never presented a third offer" (Samovar and Porter 1988, p. 326). In understanding communication, a listener must pay attention not just to what is said and when, but also to how many times something is said, under what circumstances, and by whom. Given all this complexity, the reason human communication can often succeed is because people learn how to communicate and understand through interacting with one another throughout their lives. Therefore, it is no surprise that culture and socialization are critical determinants of communication and interpretation. "The entire inference process, from observation through categorization is a function of one's socialization" Detweiler (1975). Socialization influences how input will be received, and how perceptions will be organized conceptually and associated with memories.

The importance of culture to communication

Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but constitutes interpretation. The interpretation of communicative intent is not predictable on the basis of referential meaning alone. Matters of context, social presuppositions, knowledge of the world, and individual background all play an important role in interpretation (Gumperz, 1978b).
Even knowledgeable translators can have difficulty with cross-cultural translations. There may not be corresponding words or equivalent concepts in both cultures, jokes and implications may be overlooked, and literal translations can present a host of difficulties. Some language pairs are very difficult to translate, while others, usually in more similar languages, are much easier (Sechrest, Fay and Zaidi 1988).
While some of the incremental difficulties can be traced to the underlying linguistic commonalities between the languages, there may be a more elusive cultural and ecological basis for difficulty in translation. It would be interesting to test how much of the variance in communication could be accounted for by the ease with which the languages in question could be translated into one another.
Although it may facilitate cross-cultural translations, similarity of languages and cultures also increases the likelihood that communicators will erroneously assume similarity of meanings. This may make them more likely to misunderstand speech and behavior without being aware that they may have misinterpreted the speaker's message.
In general, cross-cultural miscommunication can be thought to derive from the mistaken belief that emics are etics, that words and deeds mean the same thing across cultures, and this miscalculation is perhaps more likely when cultures are similar in surface attributes but different in important underlying ways. In this case miscommunication may occur instead of non-communication.

(http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/cross.html )

According to Oxford (1989, p. 172), “Background knowledge of the new culture often helps learners understand better what is heard or read in the new language.” Such knowledge is usually promoted by learning strategies referred by the author as

Alternativas
Respostas
166: C
167: C
168: D
169: D
170: B
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