Questões de Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension para Concurso - Página 83

Q2328561

Ano: 2023 Banca: COTEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Unaí - MG Prova: COTEC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Unaí - MG - Professor de Educação Básica II – Inglês |

Q2328561 Inglês

Texto associado

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão 06.

Convicted Brazilian fugitive captured, ending two-week manhunt in US

Harrisburg: A convicted murderer who escaped from a Pennsylvania jail has been captured with help from a heat-sensing aircraft and a police dog, ending an intense, two-week manhunt that unnerved residents in the Philadelphia suburbs, authorities said.

Tactical teams surrounded the fugitive, Danelo Cavalcante, at around 8am in a rural area about 50 kilometres west of Philadelphia. As he tried to crawl away, a police dog subdued him and he was forcibly taken into custody, Pennsylvania State Police Lieutenant Colonel George Bivens said.

Cavalcante, who was armed with a rifle that he had stolen from a garage, was taken into custody without further incident. Bivens said he did not have the opportunity to use the firearm.

Cavalcante broke out of the Chester County Prison two weeks earlier by climbing between two walls that formed a narrow corridor in the jailhouse yard and scrambling onto the roof, according to police.

“It’s never easy to find someone who doesn’t want to be found in a large area,” Bivens said in response to a question about the extended manhunt during a Wednesday news briefing.

Disponível em: https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/fugitive-captured-ending-two-week-manhunt-in-us-20230914-p5e4im.html. Acesso em: 15 set. 2023. Adaptado.

Os filmes de Hollywood muitas vezes abordam uma ampla variedade de questões sociais por meio de suas narrativas, mas às vezes as próprias produções cinematográficas estadunidenses são criticadas pela insensibilidade a esses temas. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a crítica apresentada no texto.

A

A glorificação de entidades que promovem o racismo na meca do cinema.

B

A representação estereotipada dos nativos estadunidenses e o viés racial presente na narrativa, na capital do cinema mundial.

C

A apresentação simplificada e propagandística das guerras, e a atenuação dos seus aspectos complexos e controversos pelos diretores estadunidenses.

D

A minimização das personagens transexuais que desempenhariam papéis cruciais nas tramas dos filmes de Hollywood.

E

A falta de representatividade e diversidade na indústria cinematográfica de Hollywood.

Você errou! Resposta:

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Q2328560

Ano: 2023 Banca: COTEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Unaí - MG Prova: COTEC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Unaí - MG - Professor de Educação Básica II – Inglês |

Q2328560 Inglês

Texto associado

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

Disponível em: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44272/the-road-not-taken. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023.

Robert Lee Frost foi um dos poetas mais influentes do século XX, nos Estados Unidos. Ele foi agraciado com quatro prêmios Pulitzer. A obra literária de Frost é vasta e diversificada, abrangendo desde sonetos até poemas em forma de diálogo. Seu poema “The Road Not Taken” aborda qual temática?

A

A modernidade e a urbanização e as suas implicações sociais e culturais.

B

O livre arbítrio, o determinismo e o peso das decisões em nossas vidas.

C

O sentimento de desilusão em relação à sociedade e à condição humana.

D

O amor relacionado a temas como perda, solidão e instabilidade emocional.

E

A luta pelos direitos civis e o ativismo contra a opressão e a injustiça.

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Q2328559

Ano: 2023 Banca: COTEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Unaí - MG Prova: COTEC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Unaí - MG - Professor de Educação Básica II – Inglês |

Q2328559 Inglês

Texto associado

INSTRUÇÃO: O texto a seguir refere-se à questão. Leia-o atentamente.

Disponível em: https://alidropship.com/funny-tweets-for-brand-engagement/. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023.

Tanto o Wendy’s quanto o McDonald’s são redes de restaurantes de “fast food” que oferecem refeições preparadas rapidamente para consumo no local, para viagem ou por meio de serviços de entrega. Em 24 de novembro de 2017, a rede McDonald's realizou uma postagem na sua conta, em uma rede social, e foi prontamente respondida pela franquia concorrente, Wendy’s. Baseando-se na imagem, qual foi a intenção da rede Wendy’s?

A

Mostrar que o cardápio da franquia Wendy’s é mais diversificado e com produtos mais saborosos do que o da concorrência.

B

Evidenciar que as promoções do McDonald’s são enganosas e que eles faltam com o respeito aos clientes.

C

Apontar a incompetência da rede rival, tanto em suas postagens quanto na manutenção dos equipamentos de suas lojas.

D

Ostentar o fato de que os sorvetes oferecidos na Wendy’s são superiores aos da concorrência.

E

Criticar tanto a franquia adversária como a rede social utilizada como plataforma de divulgação.

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Q2328558

Ano: 2023 Banca: COTEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Unaí - MG Prova: COTEC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Unaí - MG - Professor de Educação Básica II – Inglês |

Q2328558 Inglês

Texto associado

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

Disponível em: https://twistedsifter.com/2012/05/a-better-place-comic-strip/. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023.

No último quadrinho da charge, um personagem afirma: “So technically they’re in a better place by default.”. O que esse personagem quis dizer?

A

O mundo perderia um pouco da sua graça, após a morte da pessoa descrita anteriormente.

B

A pessoa descrita pelo outro personagem está agora em um lugar muito melhor.

C

O outro personagem, em breve, iria se reencontrar com a pessoa mencionada previamente.

D

A vida após a morte não tem a menor possibilidade de existir.

E

A vida após a morte é tão deslumbrante quanto a vida nesse planeta.

Q2328557

Ano: 2023 Banca: COTEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Unaí - MG Prova: COTEC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Unaí - MG - Professor de Educação Básica II – Inglês |

Q2328557 Inglês

Texto associado

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

The counteroffensive may be flagging, but Crimea attack shows Ukraine can still inflict serious damage on the Russian military

On Wednesday, a large plume of smoke rose from a naval base near Sevastopol. Local authorities played down the incident, saying that a number of drones were brought down. But the Ukrainian military says it successfully hit a Russian command post near Verkhniosadove, a few kilometers from Sevastopol.

The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) noted that satellite imagery confirmed that Ukrainian forces “struck the 744th Communications Center of the Command of the Black Sea FleetD as part of an apparent Ukrainian effort to target Black Sea Fleet facilities.”

Fonte: LISTER, T. Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/22/europe/ukraine-crimea-russia-black-sea-intl-cmd/index.html. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023. Adaptado.

O texto aborda a guerra entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia, e, nele, o autor usa a expressão “played down”. Qual o sentido dessa expressão no contexto empregado?

A

Mostrar a intenção de causar uma confusão nas autoridades locais.

B

Exagerar dados de uma pesquisa para causar pânico na população.

C

Apresentar uma desculpa para uma ação mais severa por parte do governo.

D

Tentar fazer algo parecer menos importante do que realmente é.

E

Acobertar os detalhes de um incidente com drones que matou militares russos.

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Q2326035

Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: Câmara dos Deputados Prova: FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |

Q2326035 Inglês

Texto associado

Read Text II and answer the question that follow it

Text II

Boy cries Wolf

After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will end up on the economic scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face unprecedented upheaval.

Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of unemployment.

Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we single out white-collar workers. These include people working in everything from back-office support and financial operations to copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity.

However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered. Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a percentage point.

It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed. Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working out what others need.

AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it finds.

To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems a way off.

From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71

In the last sentence of the first paragraph, when the paper mentions an “upheaval”, it refers to the possibility of a future

A

dispassion.

B

contempt.

C

stillness.

D

derision.

E

turmoil.

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Q2326034

Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: Câmara dos Deputados Prova: FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |

Q2326034 Inglês

Texto associado

Read Text II and answer the question that follow it

Text II

Boy cries Wolf

After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will end up on the economic scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face unprecedented upheaval.

Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of unemployment.

Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we single out white-collar workers. These include people working in everything from back-office support and financial operations to copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity.

However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered. Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a percentage point.

It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed. Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working out what others need.

AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it finds.

To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems a way off.

From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71

By calling some economists “doom-mongers” in “Few of the doom-mongers have a good explanation” (2^nd paragraph), the authors

A

preserve their aloofness.

B

advance their support.

C

pour out their praise.

D

express their dissent.

E

expose their glee.

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Q2326033

Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: Câmara dos Deputados Prova: FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |

Q2326033 Inglês

Texto associado

Read Text II and answer the question that follow it

Text II

Boy cries Wolf

After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will end up on the economic scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face unprecedented upheaval.

Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of unemployment.

Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we single out white-collar workers. These include people working in everything from back-office support and financial operations to copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity.

However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered. Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a percentage point.

It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed. Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working out what others need.

AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it finds.

To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems a way off.

From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71

If someone ends up “on the economic scrapheap” (1^st paragraph), this person will feel

A

light-minded.

B

downcast.

C

laid-back.

D

shrewd.

E

coaxed.

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Q2326030

Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: Câmara dos Deputados Prova: FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |

Q2326030 Inglês

Texto associado

Read Text II and answer the question that follow it

Text II

Boy cries Wolf

After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will end up on the economic scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face unprecedented upheaval.

Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of unemployment.

Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we single out white-collar workers. These include people working in everything from back-office support and financial operations to copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity.

However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered. Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a percentage point.

It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed. Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working out what others need.

AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it finds.

To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems a way off.

From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71

Based on Text II, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).

( ) Many believe AI will eventually make jobs redundant.
( ) The conclusion of the text is that the current outlook regarding employment is rather bleak.
( ) The authors prefer to probe forthcoming evidence before issuing unequivocal accounts.

The statements are, respectively,

A

F – T – T.

B

F – T – F.

C

T – T – F.

D

F – F – T.

E

T – F – T.

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Q2326027

Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: Câmara dos Deputados Prova: FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |

Q2326027 Inglês

Texto associado

Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.

Text I

Generative Art – What’s real?

There is nothing new about the concept and creation of ‘artificial intelligence art’ or ‘generative art’. However, discussion of its legal and ethical or societal implications (both intended and unintended) hit the headlines last week.

Boris Eldagsen refused his Sony World Photography Award 2023 prize in the creative open category on the basis that his entry was the product of artificial intelligence. Mr Eldagsen himself has sparked the latest debate by claiming that “AI is not photography” and that the rationale for entering the Awards with the work in question was “…to find out if the competitions are prepared for AI images to enter. They are not”.

The reaction of the World Photography Organisation (running the Sony Awards) has been to acknowledge the need for an element of human involvement, which is the crux of the debate: “While elements of AI practices are relevant in artistic contexts of image-making, the Awards always have been and will continue to be a platform for championing the excellence and skill of photographers and artists working in this medium”.

[…]

The conventional (and long assumed) approach has been to recognise the importance of the human hand to an artwork. The question then is: to what extent is the human creator or inputter the ‘artist’ as opposed to the generative system or is the system merely representing the human creator or inputter’s artistic idea? Flowing from that question is what that might then mean in terms of the ownership and value of such works. The debate looks set to continue in this particular context of imagery creation and reproduction coinciding with the increasing availability and use of consumer-grade AI image generation programmes, and the natural inclination of artists to continue to create.

Adapted from https://www.rosenblatt-law.co.uk/insight/generative-art-whats-real/

Based on Text I, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

( ) The dawning of generative art has given rise to a quandary.
( ) The winner mentioned was thrilled with the prize he was awarded.
( ) The organization responsible for the award stood by their earlier statement that AI yields finer art than that of humans.

The statements are, respectively,

A

F – T – T.

B

F – T – F.

C

T – F – F.

D

F – F – T.

E

T – T – F.

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Q2324511

Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: MRE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |

Q2324511 Inglês

Texto associado

Text 1A2-II

I have often thought how interesting a magazine paper might be written by any author who would—that is to say, who could—detail, step by step, the processes by which any one of his compositions attained its ultimate point of completion. Why such a paper has never been given to the world, I am much at a loss to say—but, perhaps, the authorial vanity has had more to do with the omission than any one other cause. Most writers—poets in especial—prefer having it understood that they compose by a species of fine frenzy—an ecstatic intuition—and would positively shudder at letting the public take a peep behind the scenes, at the elaborate and vacillating crudities of thought—at the true purposes seized only at the last moment—at the innumerable glimpses of idea that arrived not at the maturity of full view—at the fully-matured fancies discarded in despair as unmanageable—at the cautious selections and rejections—at the painful erasures and interpolations—in a word, at the wheels and pinions—the tackle for scene-shifting—the step-ladders, and demon-traps—the cock’s feathers, the red paint and the black patches, which, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, constitute the properties of the literary histrio.

I am aware, on the other hand, that the case is by no means common, in which an author is at all in condition to retrace the steps by which his conclusions have been attained. In general, suggestions, having arisen pell-mell are pursued and forgotten in a similar manner.

For my own part, I have neither sympathy with the repugnance alluded to, nor, at any time, the least difficulty in recalling to mind the progressive steps of any of my compositions, and, since the interest of an analysis or reconstruction, such as I have considered a desideratum, is quite independent of any real or fancied interest in the thing analysed, it will not be regarded as a breach of decorum on my part to show the modus operandi by which some one of my own works was put together. I select The Raven as most generally known. It is my design to render it manifest that no one point in its composition is referable either to accident or intuition—that the work proceeded step by step, to its completion, with the precision and rigid consequence of a mathematical problem.

Edgar Allan Poe. The Philosophy of Composition, 1846 (adapted)

In text 1A2-II, Poe affirms that

A

when writing The Raven, he had to resort to the exact sciences.

B

suggestions about writing are rejected because they make authors feel confused.

C

interest in his creative process does not imply interest in his literary works.

D

he decided to describe his own creative process after requests of his readers.

E

it is common for authors to be able to describe their creative processes.

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Q2324510

Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: MRE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |

Q2324510 Inglês

Texto associado

Text 1A2-II

I have often thought how interesting a magazine paper might be written by any author who would—that is to say, who could—detail, step by step, the processes by which any one of his compositions attained its ultimate point of completion. Why such a paper has never been given to the world, I am much at a loss to say—but, perhaps, the authorial vanity has had more to do with the omission than any one other cause. Most writers—poets in especial—prefer having it understood that they compose by a species of fine frenzy—an ecstatic intuition—and would positively shudder at letting the public take a peep behind the scenes, at the elaborate and vacillating crudities of thought—at the true purposes seized only at the last moment—at the innumerable glimpses of idea that arrived not at the maturity of full view—at the fully-matured fancies discarded in despair as unmanageable—at the cautious selections and rejections—at the painful erasures and interpolations—in a word, at the wheels and pinions—the tackle for scene-shifting—the step-ladders, and demon-traps—the cock’s feathers, the red paint and the black patches, which, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, constitute the properties of the literary histrio.

I am aware, on the other hand, that the case is by no means common, in which an author is at all in condition to retrace the steps by which his conclusions have been attained. In general, suggestions, having arisen pell-mell are pursued and forgotten in a similar manner.

For my own part, I have neither sympathy with the repugnance alluded to, nor, at any time, the least difficulty in recalling to mind the progressive steps of any of my compositions, and, since the interest of an analysis or reconstruction, such as I have considered a desideratum, is quite independent of any real or fancied interest in the thing analysed, it will not be regarded as a breach of decorum on my part to show the modus operandi by which some one of my own works was put together. I select The Raven as most generally known. It is my design to render it manifest that no one point in its composition is referable either to accident or intuition—that the work proceeded step by step, to its completion, with the precision and rigid consequence of a mathematical problem.

Edgar Allan Poe. The Philosophy of Composition, 1846 (adapted)

It can be inferred from the ideas of text 1A2-II that

A

publications that describe authors’ creative processes step by step are not accurate.

B

the creative process often implies going back and forth in one’s writing.

C

intuition is considered an essential element in Poe’s creative process.

D

being dramatic and emotional is the major characteristic of most literary works.

E

authors do not reveal their creative process because they are not aware of it.

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Q2324509

Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: MRE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |

Q2324509 Inglês

Texto associado

Text 1A2-II

I have often thought how interesting a magazine paper might be written by any author who would—that is to say, who could—detail, step by step, the processes by which any one of his compositions attained its ultimate point of completion. Why such a paper has never been given to the world, I am much at a loss to say—but, perhaps, the authorial vanity has had more to do with the omission than any one other cause. Most writers—poets in especial—prefer having it understood that they compose by a species of fine frenzy—an ecstatic intuition—and would positively shudder at letting the public take a peep behind the scenes, at the elaborate and vacillating crudities of thought—at the true purposes seized only at the last moment—at the innumerable glimpses of idea that arrived not at the maturity of full view—at the fully-matured fancies discarded in despair as unmanageable—at the cautious selections and rejections—at the painful erasures and interpolations—in a word, at the wheels and pinions—the tackle for scene-shifting—the step-ladders, and demon-traps—the cock’s feathers, the red paint and the black patches, which, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, constitute the properties of the literary histrio.

I am aware, on the other hand, that the case is by no means common, in which an author is at all in condition to retrace the steps by which his conclusions have been attained. In general, suggestions, having arisen pell-mell are pursued and forgotten in a similar manner.

For my own part, I have neither sympathy with the repugnance alluded to, nor, at any time, the least difficulty in recalling to mind the progressive steps of any of my compositions, and, since the interest of an analysis or reconstruction, such as I have considered a desideratum, is quite independent of any real or fancied interest in the thing analysed, it will not be regarded as a breach of decorum on my part to show the modus operandi by which some one of my own works was put together. I select The Raven as most generally known. It is my design to render it manifest that no one point in its composition is referable either to accident or intuition—that the work proceeded step by step, to its completion, with the precision and rigid consequence of a mathematical problem.

Edgar Allan Poe. The Philosophy of Composition, 1846 (adapted)

According to Edgar Allan Poe’s point of view, portrayed in text 1A2-II, behind the scenes of writing,

A

well-developed ideas may be impossible for the author to manage.

B

the author has to be wise to choose the appropriate tools for his creative process.

C

crude thoughts are written and then improved despite the author’s hesitation.

D

it is difficult for the author to choose from the numerous ideas that mature.

E

last-minute ideas usually have to be improved for the author to keep them.

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Q2324506

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Q2324506 Inglês

Texto associado

Text 1A2-I

Languages are more to us than systems of thoughttransference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort. The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.

In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material “disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a medium to obey.

Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a question of translating his work into another language, the nature of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal “genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in saying that a work of literary art can never be translated. Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with astonishing adequacy.

Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted)

For the author of text 1A2-I,

A

the literature that transgresses the rules of language is based on its own matrix.

B

the limitations of language are not evident in artistic creation.

C

great literature equates to marble as much as minor literature equates to clay.

D

social rules and limitations to language vary from society to society.

E

the literary artist is the person who should translate his own work.

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Q2324505

Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: MRE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |

Q2324505 Inglês

Texto associado

Text 1A2-I

Languages are more to us than systems of thoughttransference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort. The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.

In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material “disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a medium to obey.

Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a question of translating his work into another language, the nature of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal “genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in saying that a work of literary art can never be translated. Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with astonishing adequacy.

Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted)

According to the ideas of text 1A2-I, choose the correct option.

A

Great artists make their audience feel comfortable.

B

Artists are limited by social rules and cannot disobey them.

C

Great artists can change language and expand its possibilities.

D

There is a conflict between artistic creation and the need to survive.

E

Literature is limited to the possibilities that its language contains.

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Q2324389

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Texto associado

How space technology is bringing

green wins for transport

1 Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry. Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages, offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.

2 The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.

3 Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that, combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per passenger than electric cars do).

4 Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.

5 A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to help manage a consistent flow of green energy.

6 Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.

7 Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call service.

8 At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a business and a sustainability level.

Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.

In the eighth paragraph of the text, the author states that, for the last 40 years, the company where he works has been

A

embedded in antipollution laws.

B

dedicated to space travel medicine.

C

involved with cutting-edge space industry.

D

concerned with the Earth’s polar ice caps.

E

engaged in antinuclear weapon campaigns.

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