Questões de Concurso Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês

Foram encontradas 1.298 questões

Q2176571 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I 

    The quest for universal administrative standards to promote the effective application of public laws and policies gave birth to the field of public administration. Woodrow Wilson argued for a distinction between politics and administration, arguing that the former was more concerned with democracy, justice, and equality, while the latter was more concerned with efficiency, as he postulated that “administration lies beyond the proper domain of politics; administrative questions are not political questions” (Wilson, 1887). 
    According to Waldo (1948), the means and measurements of efficiency were the same for all administrations: democracy, if it were to survive, could not afford to ignore the lessons of centralization, hierarchy and discipline. Bureaucracy as an organisational type has seen its heyday in the field of public administration, owing to Woodrow Wilson’s Transfer of Administrative Principles.
    That notwithstanding, the field has gone through paradigmatic evolution over time by a quest for management paradigm derived from the discipline of business administration. The management approach is said to hold the promise of future public sector reform, replacing the administrative approach traditionally provided by public administration. A new concept arises when the management perspective is combined with an emphasis on the public sector: public management. 
    Courses and programmes, as well as whole academic institutions and colleges, are adapting by switching from the term “public administration” to “public management”. Considering the growing demands for efficiency in the public sector, the transition from a public administration to a public management framework seems to be the right step.

M.O. Obimpeh and J.A. Dankwa. Public administration – public management interface: how different is the “management” from the “administration”? Internet: (adapted)

In text CB1A2-I the word “promote”, in the first paragraph, means the same as
Alternativas
Q2176569 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I 

    The quest for universal administrative standards to promote the effective application of public laws and policies gave birth to the field of public administration. Woodrow Wilson argued for a distinction between politics and administration, arguing that the former was more concerned with democracy, justice, and equality, while the latter was more concerned with efficiency, as he postulated that “administration lies beyond the proper domain of politics; administrative questions are not political questions” (Wilson, 1887). 
    According to Waldo (1948), the means and measurements of efficiency were the same for all administrations: democracy, if it were to survive, could not afford to ignore the lessons of centralization, hierarchy and discipline. Bureaucracy as an organisational type has seen its heyday in the field of public administration, owing to Woodrow Wilson’s Transfer of Administrative Principles.
    That notwithstanding, the field has gone through paradigmatic evolution over time by a quest for management paradigm derived from the discipline of business administration. The management approach is said to hold the promise of future public sector reform, replacing the administrative approach traditionally provided by public administration. A new concept arises when the management perspective is combined with an emphasis on the public sector: public management. 
    Courses and programmes, as well as whole academic institutions and colleges, are adapting by switching from the term “public administration” to “public management”. Considering the growing demands for efficiency in the public sector, the transition from a public administration to a public management framework seems to be the right step.

M.O. Obimpeh and J.A. Dankwa. Public administration – public management interface: how different is the “management” from the “administration”? Internet: (adapted)

In text CB1A2-I, the word “quest”, which appears in the first and in the third paragraphs, is synonymous with  
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Q2170175 Inglês
I have always quite irrationally prided myself on my good health, for I have only occasionally had to take a day off work when I have had a cold.
     So I was quite offended by my doctor who, when we ran into each other in the street one day, took one look at me and told me that I was definitely overweight and that if I did not make an effort to lose some weight, I could expect to have a heart attack before very long. He added that, like many middle-aged men, I led a completely sedentary life: I sat behind my office desk during the day and relaxed in my armchair in the evening with my eyes firmly fixed on the television set.
      It was true that I had been getting fatter, but this had not worried me much, for I simply attributed it to the fact that I was getting older.
     My doctor advised me to go on a diet immediately, so I tried cutting down on fattening foods, such  as potatoes and butter, but without any visible signs of success, for my trouble is that I am very fond of my food and besides, my wife is an excellent cook. I then decided that it was all a question of exercise, and for this year’s holiday, I was determined to go somewhere which was conducive to taking exercise and not to our usual seaside resort, where one is tempted to simply go down to the beach and lie in the sun. (In other words – L.G. Alexander and Catherine Wilson).
Observe o trecho abaixo retirado do texto e assinale a alternativa incorreta:
“So I was quite offended by my doctor who, when we ran into each other in the street one day, took one look at me and told me that I was definitely overweight”.
Alternativas
Q2169587 Inglês

Text CB1A2-II  


18.png (381×155)


Jorge Cham. Piled higher and deeper. Internet: <www.phdcomics.com>.

Choose the option that presents an appropriate synonym for “raised” in text CB1A2-II. 
Alternativas
Q2169586 Inglês

Text CB1A2-II  


18.png (381×155)


Jorge Cham. Piled higher and deeper. Internet: <www.phdcomics.com>.

Choose the option that presents an appropriate synonym for “current” in text CB1A2-II. 
Alternativas
Q2166438 Inglês
Instruction: answer question based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.



(Available at: https://www.internations.org/expat-insider/2022/best-and-worst-places-for-expats-40242 – text 
In which of the sentences below the word “rather” has the same meaning as the highlighted one in line 08?
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Q2143857 Inglês
INSTRUCTION: Read the article to answer question.

Making Sure Students’ Struggles Are Productive
By Peg Grafwallner

While we know every learning challenge is an empowering opportunity to grow, we also know that message might sometimes be lost on our students. Those learning challenges can cause some students to become frustrated and shut down from the learning.

We need to empower our students to celebrate those learning challenges and help them realize that obstacles and setbacks are a valued part of the classroom culture. We need to create a not-yet classroom where productive struggle is encouraged and students see themselves as capable learners and fearless risk-takers. The not-yet approach is all about designing and creating an authentic classroom culture that encourages the process of learning while accepting that setbacks and obstacles are part of that process.

EMBRACING THE STRUGGLE

Let’s start with productive struggle. According to Jo Boaler, professor at Stanford Graduate School of Education, “If you aren’t struggling, you aren’t really learning. When we’re struggling and making mistakes, those are the very best times for our brains.”

As educators we understand and appreciate the importance of that struggle. We have often struggled ourselves to learn something new. But because that new learning was important to us and because we had support in case we weren’t successful, we continued until we achieved our goal.

So how do we create a classroom community where students value the importance of that struggle and where they see themselves as not-yet learners?

Here are four suggestions to help you create a not-yet classroom.

1. Create a vigorous learning intention: Scaffold success criteria that give students the opportunity to make sense of what they’re supposed to know and be able to do. Give students a chance to ask questions about the learning intention and time to paraphrase it so that it makes sense to them.

In my book Ready to Learn: The FRAME Model for Optimizing Student Success, I explain, “When students paraphrase the learning intention and success criteria, it gives teachers a chance to discover what their students know or understand about the learning intention.”

This discovery is critical because if students find paraphrasing the learning intention a challenge, this could indicate a gap in the students’ learning. Teachers, then, can address this gap and, if necessary, rewrite the success criteria so that the students have the opportunity to overcome the deficit.

 Scaffolding the success criteria provides a means to motivate students and gives students an opportunity to self-assess their understanding and determine whether they’ve achieved that particular criterion. As students move through the success criteria, there’s a sense of empowerment – they know they’re heading successfully toward the fulfillment of the learning intention. If they haven’t met a specific criterion, however, the teacher can dedicate time so that students are able to work in small groups with their peers or one-on-one with their teacher for more support in meeting that criterion.

2. Eliminate the word failure from your vocabulary: As an example, if your essay directions asked students to write a thesis paragraph and a student turned in a body paragraph, did the student fail the assignment?

The student fell short of the goal of writing a thesis paragraph, but there certainly was some degree of understanding, since the student was able to write an analytical body paragraph. Make allowances for that and offer positive guidance.

3. Be transparent in your introduction of the work: Don’t sugarcoat the assignment or project by telling your students it’s “so easy” or that everyone will “get it.” On the contrary, tell your students the task will be difficult, but the work they’re about to do is worthy of their time and their talent.

Let students know they’ll encounter setbacks and obstacles as a part of learning that task, but with support from you, their classmates, and various teacher-chosen resources, students will be able to meet that challenge and work toward mastery of the goal.

4. Give students the time and space they need to be successful: Create learning opportunities to normalize development and empower students to realize that learning takes time and that mastery isn’t the end of growth. We’re all working within parameters of schedules, and those schedules dictate the time spent on learning. Often those schedules are determined by mandates beyond our control, but there are ways we can offer time and space within our own classrooms.

To add in extra time, maybe the lesson covers two class periods instead of one; or maybe the teacher is able to co-teach with another educator to assist students who might need extra help, therefore moving the learning at a more structured pace.

To offer extra space, perhaps the teacher and students could utilize the library or auditorium to give students more room to create groups or pods of learning; or maybe the teacher is able to create learning situations that move beyond the classroom walls through the use of virtual field trips. We’ve seen the curiosity and wonder in our students as they devour something that piques their interest because they have the time and the space to dig deep into something of relevance to them.

Where each student is on their learning journey at any given time is a result of situations and experiences that might often be beyond our control. We know that high expectations don’t mean anything if the learning process doesn’t support achieving them.

Designing classrooms and routines that normalize productive struggle as part of the learning process gives students the opportunity to meet those high expectations within a supportive yet challenging classroom community.
The conjunction therefore in “or maybe the teacher is able to co-teach with another educator to assist students who might need extra help, therefore moving the learning at a more structured pace” can be replaced by
Alternativas
Q2143855 Inglês
INSTRUCTION: Read the article to answer question.

Making Sure Students’ Struggles Are Productive
By Peg Grafwallner

While we know every learning challenge is an empowering opportunity to grow, we also know that message might sometimes be lost on our students. Those learning challenges can cause some students to become frustrated and shut down from the learning.

We need to empower our students to celebrate those learning challenges and help them realize that obstacles and setbacks are a valued part of the classroom culture. We need to create a not-yet classroom where productive struggle is encouraged and students see themselves as capable learners and fearless risk-takers. The not-yet approach is all about designing and creating an authentic classroom culture that encourages the process of learning while accepting that setbacks and obstacles are part of that process.

EMBRACING THE STRUGGLE

Let’s start with productive struggle. According to Jo Boaler, professor at Stanford Graduate School of Education, “If you aren’t struggling, you aren’t really learning. When we’re struggling and making mistakes, those are the very best times for our brains.”

As educators we understand and appreciate the importance of that struggle. We have often struggled ourselves to learn something new. But because that new learning was important to us and because we had support in case we weren’t successful, we continued until we achieved our goal.

So how do we create a classroom community where students value the importance of that struggle and where they see themselves as not-yet learners?

Here are four suggestions to help you create a not-yet classroom.

1. Create a vigorous learning intention: Scaffold success criteria that give students the opportunity to make sense of what they’re supposed to know and be able to do. Give students a chance to ask questions about the learning intention and time to paraphrase it so that it makes sense to them.

In my book Ready to Learn: The FRAME Model for Optimizing Student Success, I explain, “When students paraphrase the learning intention and success criteria, it gives teachers a chance to discover what their students know or understand about the learning intention.”

This discovery is critical because if students find paraphrasing the learning intention a challenge, this could indicate a gap in the students’ learning. Teachers, then, can address this gap and, if necessary, rewrite the success criteria so that the students have the opportunity to overcome the deficit.

 Scaffolding the success criteria provides a means to motivate students and gives students an opportunity to self-assess their understanding and determine whether they’ve achieved that particular criterion. As students move through the success criteria, there’s a sense of empowerment – they know they’re heading successfully toward the fulfillment of the learning intention. If they haven’t met a specific criterion, however, the teacher can dedicate time so that students are able to work in small groups with their peers or one-on-one with their teacher for more support in meeting that criterion.

2. Eliminate the word failure from your vocabulary: As an example, if your essay directions asked students to write a thesis paragraph and a student turned in a body paragraph, did the student fail the assignment?

The student fell short of the goal of writing a thesis paragraph, but there certainly was some degree of understanding, since the student was able to write an analytical body paragraph. Make allowances for that and offer positive guidance.

3. Be transparent in your introduction of the work: Don’t sugarcoat the assignment or project by telling your students it’s “so easy” or that everyone will “get it.” On the contrary, tell your students the task will be difficult, but the work they’re about to do is worthy of their time and their talent.

Let students know they’ll encounter setbacks and obstacles as a part of learning that task, but with support from you, their classmates, and various teacher-chosen resources, students will be able to meet that challenge and work toward mastery of the goal.

4. Give students the time and space they need to be successful: Create learning opportunities to normalize development and empower students to realize that learning takes time and that mastery isn’t the end of growth. We’re all working within parameters of schedules, and those schedules dictate the time spent on learning. Often those schedules are determined by mandates beyond our control, but there are ways we can offer time and space within our own classrooms.

To add in extra time, maybe the lesson covers two class periods instead of one; or maybe the teacher is able to co-teach with another educator to assist students who might need extra help, therefore moving the learning at a more structured pace.

To offer extra space, perhaps the teacher and students could utilize the library or auditorium to give students more room to create groups or pods of learning; or maybe the teacher is able to create learning situations that move beyond the classroom walls through the use of virtual field trips. We’ve seen the curiosity and wonder in our students as they devour something that piques their interest because they have the time and the space to dig deep into something of relevance to them.

Where each student is on their learning journey at any given time is a result of situations and experiences that might often be beyond our control. We know that high expectations don’t mean anything if the learning process doesn’t support achieving them.

Designing classrooms and routines that normalize productive struggle as part of the learning process gives students the opportunity to meet those high expectations within a supportive yet challenging classroom community.
The author states that “… learning challenges can cause some students to become frustrated and shut down from the learning.” A synonym for the verb to shut down is
Alternativas
Q2133209 Inglês

Text CB2A2 


   Anyone who has interacted with superbot ChatGPT or image generator DALL-E might be wondering what the future of artificial intelligence (AI) holds for humanity.

    ChatGPT is an AI program that generates text in a very human-like manner when asked questions. Just ask DALL-E or similar programs to create a picture of a French bulldog driving a pink convertible and voila: you’ll see several versions in seconds.

    Science fiction in the mid-20th century created good-natured AI such as the computer on Star Trek helping the Enterprise crew, as well as its evil twin set on destroying its creators like HAL in Arthur C. Clarke’s famous book (or Stanley Kubrick’s 1968 film adaptation) 2001: A Space Odyssey. In 2023, however, we’re surrounded by AI that’s far more mundane than those examples. The virtual assistant in your smartphone, the airline chatbot and the robot vacuum cleaning your floors don’t seem to have any aspirations to rise above humanity and have been designed to help us.

    We should be prepared for bigger things to come than games, better chatbots or photo generators. Connectivity is key: think of AI as a general-purpose innovation like electricity that powers and connects other technologies, including sensors, robots, genomic devices and 3D printers. AI’s use will only intensify and accelerate as faster computing technology is developed, along with greater sensors capturing data, often called the Internet of Things (IoT). In the future, AI will be interwoven in virtually every aspect of commercial and personal activities.

Peter Marber. Artificial Intelligence: Why Should We Care?. Internet: (adapted). 

Considering the linguistic and semantic aspects of text CB2A2, judge the following item. 


The word “wonder”, in the first paragraph, is used here in the sense of “decide”.

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Q2128683 Inglês
Fed’s Jefferson says inflation is U.S. central bank’s most worrisome problem




Available at: https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/feds-jefferson-first-remarks-calls-inflation-most-concerning-problem-2022-10-04/. Retrieved on: Oct 4, 2022. Adapted.
In the section of last paragraph “it remains uncertain how that will work, and in the meantime inflation remains elevated”, the expression in the meantime is synonymous with
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Q2128682 Inglês
Fed’s Jefferson says inflation is U.S. central bank’s most worrisome problem




Available at: https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/feds-jefferson-first-remarks-calls-inflation-most-concerning-problem-2022-10-04/. Retrieved on: Oct 4, 2022. Adapted.
In the fragment of 5th paragraph “the worst outcome would be to let inflation take root”, the expression take root could be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
Alternativas
Q2124616 Inglês
     Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
       Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019. The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
     Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers, architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
       This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”

Internet:<https://www.newsweek.com/>  (adapted). 

Based on the text above, judge the following item.


Considering the necessary adjustments, the expression ‘nature-based solutions’ (in the last paragraph) can be replaced by solutions developed from nature, without changing the meaning of the text.


Alternativas
Q2124611 Inglês
     Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
       Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019. The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
     Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers, architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
       This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”

Internet:<https://www.newsweek.com/>  (adapted). 

Based on the text above, judge the following item.


The sentence “Children are not being taught enough about plants” (in the first paragraph) can be correctly rewritten as Children are not receiving enough training on plants without change in its meaning.


Alternativas
Q2111994 Inglês
    Although women nowadays outnumber men in higher education, they remain strongly underrepresented in math-intensive fields. This underrepresentation is a source of concern for two main reasons: It contributes substantially to gender inequality in the labor market, and it represents a loss of potential talent that could in particular help meeting the growing demand of skills related to the development of information technology and artificial intelligence.
        Despite these concerns, the underrepresentation of women in math-intensive fields has remained constant or even increased in most developed countries during the past two decades. This underrepresentation is also more pronounced in more developed countries and in countries that are more gender equal in terms of economic and political opportunities and rights, a pattern that has been named the “gender-equality paradox”.

(Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) 
Um sinônimo de Although, conforme usado no texto, é
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Q2110021 Inglês
Instruction: Answer question based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the question.

Watch your back! Idioms with the word ‘back’ 



(Available at: https://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/2023/03/01/watch-your-back-idioms-with-the-word-back/ – text especially adapted for this test).
The highlighted word “Several” (l. 02) could be replaced with no significative chances in meaning by: 
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Q2106873 Inglês
Creating Knowledge Base Videos

texto_13 - 19 .png (767×487)

(Available at: https://www.helpscout.com/blog/video-knowledge-base/ – text especially adapted for this test). 
The options below could replace the bold word “however” (l. 10) with no significative changes in meaning, EXCEPT for: 
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Q2106871 Inglês
Creating Knowledge Base Videos

texto_13 - 19 .png (767×487)

(Available at: https://www.helpscout.com/blog/video-knowledge-base/ – text especially adapted for this test). 
Consider the following statements about the word “can” in the sentence “Video can explain steps more naturally” (l. 13) in the context presented in the article: 
I. Its past form is “could”. II. It could be replaced by “must” with no significative changes in meaning. III. It expresses permission.
Which statements are correct?
Alternativas
Q2106434 Inglês
Polar bears and climate changing

When we think about global warming and climate change, we usually think ________________how it is going to affect humans. However, we need to think about animals, too. Many species will be threatened
______________________ extinction by the end of this century if climate change is not halted. One of these is the world’s largest land predator, the polar bear. This magnificent native ___________________ the Arctic previously had no natural enemy apart _______________________man, but is now under threat from nature itself. Because of melting sea ice, it is likely that more polar bears will soon starve, warns a new study that discovered the large carnivores need to eat 60 percent more than anyone had realized.

Polar bears use floating ice as a platform to hunt seals from. They eat a large volume of food during the winter, storing enough fat under their skin to last them through the summer months. When the ice melts in the spring, many travel south to places such as Churchill, Canada, returning north when the seas freeze again, usually around October. Now, however, the winter ice is melting earlier and forming later. The bears’ store of fat runs out, and some starve to death. Other bears are drowning, because many of the ice platforms have melted, and some bears have to swim over a hundred kilometres from one ice platform to another. Due to exhaustion or stormy weather, some never make it to their destinations.
The underlined word in the sentence “…but is now under threat from nature itself”, has its correct meaning in which alternative?
Alternativas
Q2106432 Inglês
Polar bears and climate changing

When we think about global warming and climate change, we usually think ________________how it is going to affect humans. However, we need to think about animals, too. Many species will be threatened
______________________ extinction by the end of this century if climate change is not halted. One of these is the world’s largest land predator, the polar bear. This magnificent native ___________________ the Arctic previously had no natural enemy apart _______________________man, but is now under threat from nature itself. Because of melting sea ice, it is likely that more polar bears will soon starve, warns a new study that discovered the large carnivores need to eat 60 percent more than anyone had realized.

Polar bears use floating ice as a platform to hunt seals from. They eat a large volume of food during the winter, storing enough fat under their skin to last them through the summer months. When the ice melts in the spring, many travel south to places such as Churchill, Canada, returning north when the seas freeze again, usually around October. Now, however, the winter ice is melting earlier and forming later. The bears’ store of fat runs out, and some starve to death. Other bears are drowning, because many of the ice platforms have melted, and some bears have to swim over a hundred kilometres from one ice platform to another. Due to exhaustion or stormy weather, some never make it to their destinations.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct pair of synonyms.
Alternativas
Q2106431 Inglês
Polar bears and climate changing

When we think about global warming and climate change, we usually think ________________how it is going to affect humans. However, we need to think about animals, too. Many species will be threatened
______________________ extinction by the end of this century if climate change is not halted. One of these is the world’s largest land predator, the polar bear. This magnificent native ___________________ the Arctic previously had no natural enemy apart _______________________man, but is now under threat from nature itself. Because of melting sea ice, it is likely that more polar bears will soon starve, warns a new study that discovered the large carnivores need to eat 60 percent more than anyone had realized.

Polar bears use floating ice as a platform to hunt seals from. They eat a large volume of food during the winter, storing enough fat under their skin to last them through the summer months. When the ice melts in the spring, many travel south to places such as Churchill, Canada, returning north when the seas freeze again, usually around October. Now, however, the winter ice is melting earlier and forming later. The bears’ store of fat runs out, and some starve to death. Other bears are drowning, because many of the ice platforms have melted, and some bears have to swim over a hundred kilometres from one ice platform to another. Due to exhaustion or stormy weather, some never make it to their destinations.
The sentence “…the number of polar bears in the wild is decreasing dramatically”; can be rewritten without changing its meaning, as:
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Respostas
221: C
222: D
223: B
224: D
225: B
226: C
227: C
228: A
229: E
230: E
231: E
232: C
233: C
234: A
235: D
236: E
237: A
238: A
239: D
240: D