Questões de Concurso Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês

Foram encontradas 1.298 questões

Q2459373 Inglês

Read Text I and answer the fourteen questions that follow it

                           

 Text I The “literacy turn” in education: reexamining 

what it means to be literate


In response to the phenomena of mass migration and the emergence of digital communications media that defined the last decade of the 20th century, the New London Group (NLG) called for a broader view of literacy and literacy teaching in its 1996 manifesto, A Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing Social Futures. The group argued that literacy pedagogy in education must (1) reflect the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity of the contemporary globalized world, and (2) account for the new kinds of texts and textual engagement that have emerged in the wake of new information and multimedia technologies. In order to better capture the plurality of discourses, languages, and media, they proposed the term ‘multiliteracies’.

Within the NLG’s pedagogy of multiliteracies, language and other modes of communication are viewed as dynamic resources for meaning making that undergo constant changes in the dynamics of language use as learners attempt to achieve their own purposes. Within this broader view of literacy and literacy teaching, learners are no longer “users as decoders of language” but rather “designers of meaning.” Meaning is not viewed as something that resides in texts; rather, deriving meaning is considered an active and dynamic process in which learners combine and creatively apply both linguistic and other semiotic resources (e.g., visual, gesture, sound, etc.) with an awareness of “the sets of conventions connected with semiotic activity [...] in a given social space” (NLG, 1996, p. 74).

Grounded within the view that learning develops in social, cultural, and material contexts as a result of collaborative interactions, NLG argued that instantiating literacy-based teaching in classrooms calls on the complex integration and interaction of four pedagogical components that are neither hierarchical nor linear and can at times overlap: situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, and transformed practice. […]

Although the NLG’s pedagogy of multiliteracies was conceived as a “statement of general principle” (1996, p. 89) for schools, the group’s call for educators to recognize the diversity and social situatedness of literacy has had a lasting impact on foreign language (FL) teaching and learning. The reception of the group’s work along with that of other scholars from critical pedagogy appeared at a time when the field was becoming less solidly anchored in theories of L2 acquisition and more interested in the social practice of FL education itself. In the section that follows, we describe the current state of FL literacy studies as it has developed in recent years, before finally turning to some very recent emerging trends that we are likely to see develop going forward.

(Adapted from: https://www.colorado.edu/center/altec/sites/default/files/ attachedfiles/moving_toward_multiliteracies_in_foreign_language_teaching.pdf)

The expression “in the wake of” in “in the wake of new information” (1st paragraph) can be replaced without change of meaning by
Alternativas
Q2453840 Inglês
Predicting the unpredictable


Some years ago, a devastating earthquake struck the Italian town of L’Aquila. More than 300 people lost their lives, over 1,500 people were injured, and many buildings were destroyed. Two years later, seven earthquake experts were involved in a court case: Did they adequately warn the public after the initial tremors began? At the heart of the debate is whether they could have predicted a disaster like this.


Although a lot of scientists are working to improve our ability to predict natural disasters, so far no one has come up with a reliable method to forecast earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, days or weeks beforehand. Most of the research focuses on the areas most likely to experience seismic activity – but even our knowledge about where these areas are, is very limited. One reason for this is that human beings have only been around for a very small part of the Earth’s history. In geological terms, we all arrived on the scene very recently. Records from the past 2,000 years are incomplete, and the biggest earthquakes nearly always happen in areas where there have been no earthquakes in recorded history.


So, is there any hope for improving our ability to predict disasters? A solution may come from an unexpected source. Four years ago, a team of US physicists at Rutgers University in New Jersey were studying why pharmaceutical powders stick together. They observed that the powder stuck together when placed in a spinning cylinder, but then developed cracks and collapsed. Just before the cracks developed, an electric signal, like a small bolt of lightning, was created. The scientists repeated the experiment with a wide range of different materials, and they got similar results every time.


This phenomenon might also exist in nature. Some scientists believe that rocks may become electrically charged under unusual pressure, such as before an earthquake. This electric charge then causes changes in the surrounding air or water, which animals may be able to sense before humans do. For example, while biologists were studying a colony of frogs in a pond near L’Aquila, they noticed that nearly all the animals left the water days before the earthquake. A similar thing happened in China, when snakes were hibernating for the winter in caves, but escaped just before a large earthquake. The same kind of electric charge, like the small bolt of lightning felt in the experiment at Rutgers, may have been responsible.


At the moment, there is no reliable way ............ using such findings to predict earthquakes, and further studies may be necessary to give us a better understanding of the interactions involved, but one day, the technology may be used ............ predict future catastrophes. For example, two science institutions in Russia and Britain are already developing a new micro-satellite, which could detect these electric signals and help rescue people ................ natural disasters in time. Scientists are planning to launch the first of these satellites ............... space. Will these satellites be the solution? Only time will tell. For the time being, the best defense is to be prepared.
Mark the alternative which contains the correct meaning of the underlined words from the text.
Alternativas
Q2443648 Inglês

Planes top 800 mph as near-record winds sweep high over Mid-Atlantic









(Available at: www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2024/02/18/record-jet-stream-winds-dc-flights/ – text specially adapted for this test)

In which of the following excerpts from the text the structure in bold means “the same”? 
Alternativas
Q2439428 Inglês
Fire up your taste buds … it’s International Hot and Spicy Food Day!



036.png (759×450)



(Available at: www.hillstreetgrocer.com – text especially adapted for this test).
Mark the best option below to replace "advisable" (l. 24) with no significant changes in meaning. 
Alternativas
Q2423526 Inglês

The word can in “I can write this letter if you need” expresses:

Alternativas
Q2423071 Inglês

British troops move black rhinos to Malawi


British troops have helped to move a group of critically endangered black rhinos from South Africa to Malawi to protect them against poaching. Soldiers from the 2nd Battalion Royal Gurkha Rifles moved 17 of the animals, which are hunted for their horns, in the hope they can be better protected. They were transported by air and road from KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa to Liwonde National Park in Malawi.

The troops then spent three months training rangers to keep them safe. Major Jez England, the officer commanding the British Army counter-poaching team in Liwonde, said the operation had been “hugely successful”. “Not only do we share skills with the rangers, improving their efficiency and ability to patrol larger areas, but it also provides a unique opportunity for our soldiers to train in a challenging environment”, he said.

The UK government says it has committed more than £36m to tackle the illegal wildlife trade between 2014 and 2021. Part of this is to help support trans-boundary work to allow animals to move more safely between areas and across national borders.


(Site: BBC - adaptado.)

The synonym of “work” is NOT:

Alternativas
Q2423043 Inglês

U.S. Thaws Relations With “Europe’s Last Dictatorship”


As ties between the West and Russia wallow at the worst point since the end of the Cold War, the Trump administration has been forging closer ties with one of the last countries fully in Moscow’s orbit. President Donald Trump’s then-national security advisor, John Bolton, visited Belarus earlier this year, and U.S. officials say Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is expected to follow suit and travel to Minsk in January. Belarus, which has been referred to as “Europe’s last dictatorship,” expelled the U.S. ambassador in 2008 after Washington slapped sanctions on it over human rights abuses. But now, the United States is expected to revive diplomatic ties with Belarus—sending an ambassador to Minsk for the first time in over a decade—even as Russian President Vladimir Putin tries to subdue it.

https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/25/10-important... - adaptado

A synonym for “ties” in the context of the text is:

Alternativas
Q2422755 Inglês

Read the text below and answer questions 35 to 40


  1. A new study from archaeologists at University of Sydney and Simon
  2. Fraser University in Vancouver, has provided important new evidence
  3. to answer the question "Who exactly were the Anglo‐Saxons?" New
  4. findings based on studying skeletal remains clearly indicate the Anglo‐
  5. Saxons were a melting pot of people from both migrant and local
  6. cultural groups and not one homogenous group from Western Europe.
  7. Professor Keith Dobney said the team’s results indicate that "the
  8. Anglo‐Saxon kingdoms of early Medieval Britain were strikingly similar
  9. to contemporary Britain ‐‐ full of people of different ancestries sharing
  10. a common language and culture." The collaborative study looked at the
  11. three‐dimensional shape of the base of the skull. "Baased on this, we
  12. collected 3D data from suitably dated skeletal collections from Britain
  13. and Denmark, and then analysed the data to estimate the ancestry of
  14. the Anglo‐Saxon individuals in the sample."
  15. The researchers found that between two‐thirds and three‐quarters of
  16. early Anglo‐Saxon individuals were of continental European ancestry,
  17. while between a quarter and one‐third were of local ancestry. When
  18. they looked at skeletons dated to the Middle Anglo‐Saxon period
  19. (several hundred years after the original migrants arrived), they found
  20. that 50 to 70 percent of the individuals were of local ancestry, while
  21. 30 to 50 percent were of continental European ancestry, which
  22. probably indicates a change in the rate of migration and/or local
  23. adoption of culture over time. "These findings tell us that being Anglo‐
  24. Saxon was more likely a matter of language and culture, not genetics."
  25. Although Anglo‐Saxon origins can clearly be traced to a migration of
  26. Germanic‐speaking people from mainland Europe between the 5th
  27. and 7th centuries AD, the number of individuals who settled in Britain
  28. is still contested, as is the nature of their relationship with the pre-
  29. existing inhabitants of the British Isles, who were Romano‐Celts.
  30. The ongoing and unresolved argument is whether hordes of European
  31. invaders largely replaced the existing Romano‐British inhabitants, or
  32. did smaller numbers of migrants settle and interact with the locals,
  33. who then rapidly adopted the new language and culture of the Anglo‐
  34. Saxons? "The reason for the ongoing confusion is the apparent
  35. contradiction between early historical texts (written sometime after
  36. the events that imply that the newcomers were both numerous and
  37. replaced the Romano‐British population) and some recent
  38. biomolecular markers directly recovered from Anglo‐Saxon skeletons
  39. that appears to suggest numbers of immigrants were few," said
  40. Professor Dobney. "Our new data sits at the interface of this debate
  41. and implies that early Anglo‐Saxon society was a mix of both
  42. newcomers and immigrants and, instead of wholesale population
  43. replacement, a process of acculturation resulted in Anglo‐Saxon
  44. language and culture being adopted wholesale by the local
  45. population." "It could be this new cultural package was attractive,
  46. filling a vacuum left at the end of the Roman occupation of Britain.
  47. Whatever the reason, it lit the fuse for the English nation we have today
  48. ‐‐ still comprised of people of different origins who share the same
  49. language," Professor Dobney said.

Adapted from article available at:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210623144901.htm

Accessed on: July 13, 2021.

The words “Although” (l. 25) and “whether” (l. 30) could be replaced, with little or no change of meaning or structure, by the words:

Alternativas
Q2415253 Inglês
        Back in October 2011, Stanford professors launched three free online courses, open to the public. One by one, these courses went massive, with enrollments topping 100.000 students each. Soon the media was calling these courses MOOCs, short for massive open online courses.
         Since then, more than 1.200 universities around the world have launched free online courses. In addition to the larger global MOOC platforms, many national governments around the world have launched their own country-specific MOOC platforms, including India, Italy, Israel, Mexico and Thailand.
            After a decade of popularization, in 2021, over 220 million students had signed up for at least one course on one of these platforms, and 40 million did so in 2021 alone. MOOCs and MOOC platforms are still growing, even after the crazy “Year of the MOOC” prompted by the pandemic and travel restrictions.
            At Class Central, we try to catalog as many MOOCs as possible, and our listing currently includes more than 150.000 of them, from MOOC platforms and other online learning platforms. But due to limited resources, we cannot index every single one. If you’re looking for MOOCs from around the world, this list is our best attempt to catalog all different MOOC platforms that are out there.

Internet:<https://classcentral.coom>  (adapted)

Keeping in mind the ideas expressed above and the linguistic aspects of the text, judge the following item. 


The phrase “short for massive open online courses” (in the last sentence of the first paragraph) can be correctly replaced with which stands for massive open online courses.

Alternativas
Q2414617 Inglês

Giving Blood = Giving Life


Giving blood is an amazing thing a person can do. Why? Because people who have anaemia, cancer, blood disorders, sickle cell, and other illnesses need blood transfusion. Some people even need regular blood transfusion to live.

Think about it: giving blood as part ............ everyone’s life; something they done .............. a regular basis, like eating ........... a favourite restaurant. What kind of difference does that make? Well, a donation might make the difference between life and death for nearly five million people who receive blood transfusions every year.

Giving blood is simple and convenient. It only takes about an hour and you can make the donation at a donor center. Afterwards, you will feel good about yourself.

Most people don’t think they’ll never need a blood transfusion, but many do. Blood is something money can’t buy. One may give a newborn, a child, a mother or a father, a brother, or a sister another chance at life. In fact, this simple action may help to save lives.

The blood donation process is much quicker and easier than you think. Giving blood will not decrease your strength and it’s certainly the right thing to do.

The word decrease (last paragraph), has its synonym in which alternative?

Alternativas
Q2410925 Inglês

Mark the alternative that does have a synonym for the word "stuck".

Alternativas
Q2410560 Inglês

TEXTO 01


O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 01 a 08.


HEALTH CHECK

TAKE THIS CANCER QUIZ TO DETERMINE YOUR RISK OF DEVELOPING DISEASE - AS 1 IN 2 FACE DIAGNOSIS


(1º§) Around one in three cases of the most common cancers could be prevented by eating a healthy diet, keeping to a healthy weight and being more active, according to Macmillan Cancer Support.

(2º§) The following factors are asked about in the quiz.

Smoking

(3º§) At the top of the risk factor list, the WCRF says "not smoking is the best way to protect yourself from cancer".

Weight

(4º§) "Being a healthy weight is one of the most important ways ____ protect yourself against 12 types of cancer," the WCRF says. This includes bowel, kidney, womb and oesophagus cancer.

Exercise

(5º§) There is a reason exercise is encouraged - and not to just look fit.

(6º§) The WCRF says: "Being moderately active for at least 150 minutes or vigorously active for at least 75 minutes a week helps protect against three types of cancer. "Doing 45-60 minutes of moderate activity a day increases the benefit even more."

Fruit and veg

(7º§) You should aim to eat five portions of fruit and five of veg every day. "Fruit and vegetables can protect against cancers of the mouth and throat and digestive tract," WCRF says.

Wholegrains

(8º§) Wholegrain versions of carbohydrates not only help you keep a healthy weight, but have also been shown to reduce the risk of bowel cancer, the WCRF says. Generally it's important to eat a balanced diet as a way to prevent cancer.

Sugary drinks

(9º§) How many sugary drinks do you drink a week? This includes fizzy drinks, sugar-sweetened tea and coffee and squash. "Limiting sugar-sweetened drinks helps to prevent weight gain, which reduces your cancer risk," the WCRF says.

High fat and sugar foods

(10º§) Similarly to sugary drinks, consuming too much junk food will lead to weight gain - and weight gain is an independent cancer risk factor.

(11º§) It doesn't mean you can never have your favourite chocolate bar, cake or crisps. But it's about simple daily swaps. The WCRF suggests swapping a whole chocolate bar for a small piece of chocolate and a piece of fruit, for example.

Red and processed meats

(12º§) A diet abundant in red meat, like beef, lamb and pork, should be avoided. Similarly processed meats, such as bacon, sausages and ham, shouldn't be consumed ____ much. Both are linked to bowel cancer risk.

(13º§) "Limiting your intake [of red meat] to no more than three portions a week (350-500g cooked weight) can protect against bowel cancer," the WCRF says.

Alcohol

(14º§) The best way to avoid this risk would be to stop drinking at all.

(15º§) But if you do like a tipple, stick to the guidelines of no more than 14 units a week - equivalent to around four to five pints of beer or large glasses of wine.

Sun exposure

(16º§) Do you go the extra measure to protect yourself ____ the sun?

(17º§) We're talking suncream used regularly, avoiding the sun between 11am and 3pm, wearing a hat and sunglasses and avoiding sunbeds. "By not using sun beds and protecting yourself from sun exposure, you'll reduce your risk of skin cancers," the WCRF says.


https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/15912985/cancer-quiz-determine-risk/

Mark the alternative that does NOT have a synonym to the word "swapping" (11º§).

Alternativas
Q2406448 Inglês

Text to answer the question. 






In: Political thought: the problem with liberalism.

The Economist, Edição impressa, p. 74, 27 jan. 2018. 

As far as comprehension of the text above is concerned, mark the statements below as right (C) or wrong (E).  

“Wreckage” (line 7) is synonymous with “speed”. 

Alternativas
Q2401706 Inglês

Leia o texto a seguir e responda as questões de 30 a 40:


We crowded round, and over Miss Cathy's head I had a peep at a dirty, ragged, black-haired child; big enough both to walk and talk: indeed, its face looked older than Catherine's; yet when it was set on its feet, it only stared round, and repeated over and over again some gibberish that nobody could understand. I was frightened, and Mrs. Earnshaw was ready to fling it out of doors: she did fly up, asking how he could fashion to bring that gipsy brat into the house, when they had their own bairns to feed and fend for? What he meant to do with it, and whether he were mad? The master tried to explain the matter; but he was really half dead with fatigue, and all that I could make out, amongst her scolding, was a tale of his seeing it starving, and houseless, and as good as dumb, in the streets of Liverpool, where he picked it up and inquired for its owner. Not a soul knew to whom it belonged, he said; and his money and time being both limited, he thought it better to take it home with him at once, than run into vain expenses there: because he was determined he would not leave it as he found it. Well, the conclusion was, that my mistress grumbled herself calm; and Mr. Earnshaw told me to wash it, and give it clean things, and let it sleep with the children.

Hindley and Cathy contented themselves with looking and listening till peace was restored: then, both began searching their father's pockets for the presents he had promised them. The former was a boy of fourteen, but when he drew out what had been a fiddle, crushed to morsels in the great-coat, he blubbered aloud; and Cathy, when she learned the master had lost her whip in attending on the stranger, showed her humour by grinning and spitting at the stupid little thing; earning for her pains a sound blow from her father, to teach her cleaner manners. They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room; and I had no more sense, so I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it might he gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house.

BRONTE, Emily. Wuthering Heights. London: Thomas Cautley Newby, 1847

“and his money and time being both limited, he thought it better to take it home with him at once, than run into vain expenses there”


A expressão destacada no fragmento acima, tem o significado de:

Alternativas
Q2399781 Inglês

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.


Romance and Reality


Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.

Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.

Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?

Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.


Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality.

Choose the words that correctly and respectively substitute meanwhile and hurdles (paragraph 2).

Alternativas
Q2399772 Inglês

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.


(Título omitido propositadamente)


Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will be clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see very regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one they look (1)________ the mirror.

I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at school or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends. It might be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin. You can’t always shut those voices up. No matter how much you want to. You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.

If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself advice that you would give your best friend in that situation. If you’re worrying about not being good (2)________ something, what would you say to your best friend in that state? You’d probably tell them that it would be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe (3)________ them. If you can do it for your best friend, you can do it for yourself.


Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.

Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes counteract in the sentence “You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.” (paragraph 2).

Alternativas
Q2392599 Inglês
In “Unlike such technologies, AIs can communicate with us directly on their own. With their large language learning algorithms and huge data sets, AIs such as ChatGPT can make it feel like we are interacting with another person.”, “unlike” could be properly replaced by: 
Alternativas
Q2392595 Inglês

Text 03 – Idioms and proverbs 







Adapted from https://thefluentlife.com/content/difference-between-idioms-proverbs-meaning-examples/ , accessed on July 18th.

In “They help learners understand and interpret the language more effectively and accurately.”, we can replace accurately for:
Alternativas
Q2392591 Inglês
Text 02 - (Types of social practices) Linguistics



The language spoken is one of the characteristics that most differentiate us from other animals on the planet. According to the experts, its appearance was one of the main causes of our development as a species; This is because the use of the language caused our brain to increase in capacity.


Therefore, linguistic social practices are a fundamental part of each culture. They include elements such as the language spoken, expressions and phrases made, or the importance given to certain words.


[...]


Social practices of language


Within all types of social practices that exist some of the most influencing a given society are those that have to do with their linguistic expression.


Due to the way in which language modifies the brain and the individual experience of people, the social practices of language take on great importance when it comes to understanding the customs and ways of seeing the world proper to a given society.


Even several studies have shown that bilingual people change their personality depending on the language they are speaking. So, what are the social practices of language?


These are ways of interacting that include both spoken and written language, in addition to all those activities that surround the communication process through it. Depending on the context in which we find ourselves and what we want to transmit, these practices will be different.


Also adapted from: https://www.lifepersona.com/social-practices-types-and-practices-of-language, accessed on July 17th, 2023. 
In “Within all types of social practices that exist some of the most influencing a given society are those that have to do with their linguistic expression.”, the word “a” refers to: 
Alternativas
Q2384530 Inglês

Things to do in Ireland







*laver: a type of seaweed / seaweed: alga marinha


(Available at: www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/10-best-things-to-do-ireland – text specially adapted for this test).

The underlined expression “plenty of” (l. 28) could be replaced, with no significant changes in meaning, by:
Alternativas
Respostas
101: C
102: E
103: E
104: D
105: B
106: A
107: B
108: C
109: C
110: D
111: B
112: D
113: E
114: C
115: D
116: A
117: C
118: B
119: C
120: E