Questões de Concurso Público Prefeitura de Seara - SC 2018 para Professor de Língua Inglesa

The simple subject is the main noun or pronoun that tells what the sentence is about.

1- The batter swung at the third ball. (main noun as simple subject)

2- She hit a high pop foul. (main pronoun as simple subject)

A simple predicate is the verb or verb phrase that expresses action or being about the subject.

1- The crowd cheered after the touchdown. (main verb as simple predicate)

2- The team will practice on Saturday. (main verb phrase as simple predicate)

A complement completes the meaning of a verb. It may be one word or a group of words. One kind of complement is the direct object. A direct object answers the question what? or whom? after an action verb: Mario picked some flowers for the mantel. (Mario picked what?)

A direct object may have more than one part.

The farmer carried the calf and the lamb through the floodwaters.

Another kind of complement, the indirect object, answers these questions following an action verb: to whom? for whom? to what?

The child threw her father and mother a kiss. (The child threw a kiss to whom?)

The crowd gave our team a cheer. (The crowd gave a cheer to what?)

Next, there are some examples of direct speech:

reporting clause first        reported clause             reporting clause second

Jimmy said,                    'Let me have a look.‟ 

Then the child asked,     "Are there any toys?‟

                                        ''Hand it over at once!‟     he demanded.

In narratives, especially novels and short stories, when the reporting clause comes second, the writers often invert the subject (s) and reporting verb (v):

“Things have always been the same in this village,” [V]said [S]the old man.

"Hold on! I‟m coming!‟ [V] cried [S] Maurice.

Indirect reports of statements consist of a reporting clause and a that-clause. We often omit that, especially in formal situations:

The pilot commented that the weather had been extremely bad as the plane came in to land.

(The pilot‘s words were: 'The weather was extremely bad as the plane came in to land.‟)

Indirect reports of yes-no questions and questions with or consist of a reporting clause and a reported clause introduced by if or whether. If is more common than whether. The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), not question form:

She asked if I was Scottish. (original yes-no question: 'Are you Scottish?‟)

I is the subject. And was is the verb.

Most adjectives can be used in two positions: attributive adjectives occur before the noun they describe, while predicative adjectives are used after certain verbs:

a black cat [attributive]

The cat was black. [predicative]

There are some adjectives that can only be used in one position or the other. For example, these two sentences are grammatically correct:

✓ She was alone that evening. ['alone‘ = predicative ]

✓ It was a mere scratch. ['mere‘ = attributive]

These sentences, on the other hand, are not correct:

✗ I saw an alone woman. ['alone‘ cannot be used in the attributive position]

✗ The scratch was mere. ['mere‘ cannot be used in the predicative position]

Most adjectives are gradable. This means that their meaning can be modified (made stronger, weaker, or otherwise altered) by placing one or more adverbs in front of them. For example: an expensive house - a very expensive house - a fairly expensive house - an extremely expensive house

The adverbs very, fairly, and extremely tell where this particular house belongs on the scale of 'expensiveness‘. By using them, we can make a significant difference to the meaning of an adjective.

Non-gradable adjectives are those with meanings which cannot be modified by adverbs. For example: the western side of the mountain - electronic devices - a nuclear reactor

All the adjectives have two different forms: the comparative, and the superlative:

                    comparative          superlative

sad              sadder                   saddest 

happy          happier                  happiest

unusual       more unusual        most unusual

Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives.

Adjective Adverb

Louise caught the fast train. The train was going quite fast.

We didn't have a long wait. We didn't have to wait long.

Adverbials are typically used to talk about:

* where something happens (place): I put my bag on the floor.

* when something happens (time): The rain lasted all night.

* the way in which someone does something or something happens or exists (manner):

You‟re acting as if you were still a teenager.

The position of an adverbial depends on what it modifies. It can modify a word or phrase or a whole clause. Its position also depends on what type of adverbial it is and whether it is a single word or a phrase.

When an adverbial modifies a verb or a whole clause, there are three main places we can put it.

Front: Really, I can't say.

Mid: I can't really say.

End: I can't say, really.

Sometimes we can also put an adverbial after the subject: I really can't say.