Questões de Concurso Público CNPQ 2024 para Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia Pleno I - Especialidade: Gestão Orçamentária, Financeira e Contábil
Foram encontradas 119 questões
A respeito dos conceitos básicos de computadores, julgue o item a seguir.
CPU é o maior componente de um computador, sendo
responsável por acomodar e fixar todas as partes internas do
hardware.
A respeito dos conceitos básicos de computadores, julgue o item a seguir.
Para que um computador possa se conectar à Internet, é
essencial que ele esteja equipado com um hardware de
comunicação, denominado placa de rede, que pode ser um
chipset integrado à placa mãe do computador.
A respeito dos conceitos básicos de computadores, julgue o item a seguir.
Em um computador com sistema operacional (SO)
Windows 10, se um novo periférico do tipo plug and play for
conectado, o SO identificará o dispositivo e buscará os
drivers adequados para o perfeito funcionamento.
A respeito dos conceitos básicos de computadores, julgue o item a seguir.
Um vírus de computador tem a capacidade de se disseminar
automaticamente, sem a necessidade de uma ação humana.
Businesses are starting to introduce new options for tipping at self-checkout machines, putting even more pressure on customers amid rising inflation costs. Despite having zero interaction with employees during transactions, self-checkout machines at places such as coffee shops, bakeries, airports, and sports stadiums are giving customers the option to leave the typical 20% tip, according to a report from the Wall Street Journal.
Business owners believe that the prompt for a tip can boost staff pay and increase gratuities — but customers are questioning where and to whom the extra cash is going, considering self-checkout is done by the customers themselves. “They’re cutting labor costs by doing self-checkout. So what’s the point of asking for a tip? And where is it going?” are some of the questions customers ask. But tipping researchers claim this is a way for companies to put the responsibility of paying employees on the customer rather than increasing employee salaries themselves. Self-tipping is viewed by many customers as a way to guilt-trip the person into tipping on something when they typically wouldn’t.
Many companies told the Journal that these tipping prompts are optional, and the extra gratuity is split between all employees. However, experts say that tips at a self-checkout machine might never even get to an actual employee since protections for tipped workers in the federal Fair Labor Standards Act don’t extend to machines.
Internet: <https://nypost.com> (adapted).
According to the previous text, judge the following item.
One of the reasons why business owners have introduced the
option for tipping at self-checkout machines is that they
believe it may raise their employees’ payment.
Businesses are starting to introduce new options for tipping at self-checkout machines, putting even more pressure on customers amid rising inflation costs. Despite having zero interaction with employees during transactions, self-checkout machines at places such as coffee shops, bakeries, airports, and sports stadiums are giving customers the option to leave the typical 20% tip, according to a report from the Wall Street Journal.
Business owners believe that the prompt for a tip can boost staff pay and increase gratuities — but customers are questioning where and to whom the extra cash is going, considering self-checkout is done by the customers themselves. “They’re cutting labor costs by doing self-checkout. So what’s the point of asking for a tip? And where is it going?” are some of the questions customers ask. But tipping researchers claim this is a way for companies to put the responsibility of paying employees on the customer rather than increasing employee salaries themselves. Self-tipping is viewed by many customers as a way to guilt-trip the person into tipping on something when they typically wouldn’t.
Many companies told the Journal that these tipping prompts are optional, and the extra gratuity is split between all employees. However, experts say that tips at a self-checkout machine might never even get to an actual employee since protections for tipped workers in the federal Fair Labor Standards Act don’t extend to machines.
Internet: <https://nypost.com> (adapted).
According to the previous text, judge the following item.
The word “Despite” in the sentence “Despite having zero
interaction with employees during transactions” (second
sentence of the first paragraph) can be correctly replaced by
In spite of, maintaining both the meaning of the fragment
and its correction.
Businesses are starting to introduce new options for tipping at self-checkout machines, putting even more pressure on customers amid rising inflation costs. Despite having zero interaction with employees during transactions, self-checkout machines at places such as coffee shops, bakeries, airports, and sports stadiums are giving customers the option to leave the typical 20% tip, according to a report from the Wall Street Journal.
Business owners believe that the prompt for a tip can boost staff pay and increase gratuities — but customers are questioning where and to whom the extra cash is going, considering self-checkout is done by the customers themselves. “They’re cutting labor costs by doing self-checkout. So what’s the point of asking for a tip? And where is it going?” are some of the questions customers ask. But tipping researchers claim this is a way for companies to put the responsibility of paying employees on the customer rather than increasing employee salaries themselves. Self-tipping is viewed by many customers as a way to guilt-trip the person into tipping on something when they typically wouldn’t.
Many companies told the Journal that these tipping prompts are optional, and the extra gratuity is split between all employees. However, experts say that tips at a self-checkout machine might never even get to an actual employee since protections for tipped workers in the federal Fair Labor Standards Act don’t extend to machines.
Internet: <https://nypost.com> (adapted).
According to the previous text, judge the following item.
Tipping at self-checkout machines have become mandatory
in most places like coffee shops, bakeries, airports, and
sports stadiums.
A lawyer used ChatGPT to prepare a court filing. It went horribly awry.
A lawyer who relied on ChatGPT to prepare a court filing on behalf of a man suing an airline is now all too familiar with the artificial intelligence (AI) tool’s shortcomings — including its propensity to invent facts.
Roberto Mata sued Colombian airline Avianca last year, alleging that a metal food and beverage cart injured his knee on a flight to Kennedy International Airport in New York. When Avianca asked a Manhattan judge to dismiss the lawsuit based on the statute of limitations, his lawyer submitted a brief based on research done by ChatGPT.
While ChatGPT can be useful to professionals in numerous industries, including the legal profession, it has proved itself to be both limited and unreliable. In this case, the AI invented court cases that didn’t exist, and asserted that they were real. The fabrications were revealed when Avianca’s lawyers approached the case’s judge, saying they couldn’t locate the cases cited in Mata’s lawyers’ brief in legal databases.
“It seemed clear when we didn’t recognize any of the cases in their opposition brief that something was amiss,” said the airline’s lawyer. And soon they figured it was some sort of chatbot of some kind. On the other hand, the passenger’s lawyer said that it was the first time he’d used ChatGPT for work and, therefore, he was unaware of the possibility that its content could be false.
Internet: <www.cbsnews.com> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the item that follow.
The sentence “And soon they figured it was some sort of chatbot” can be correctly rephrased as And, before long, they realized
it was some form of chatbot.
A lawyer used ChatGPT to prepare a court filing. It went horribly awry.
A lawyer who relied on ChatGPT to prepare a court filing on behalf of a man suing an airline is now all too familiar with the artificial intelligence (AI) tool’s shortcomings — including its propensity to invent facts.
Roberto Mata sued Colombian airline Avianca last year, alleging that a metal food and beverage cart injured his knee on a flight to Kennedy International Airport in New York. When Avianca asked a Manhattan judge to dismiss the lawsuit based on the statute of limitations, his lawyer submitted a brief based on research done by ChatGPT.
While ChatGPT can be useful to professionals in numerous industries, including the legal profession, it has proved itself to be both limited and unreliable. In this case, the AI invented court cases that didn’t exist, and asserted that they were real. The fabrications were revealed when Avianca’s lawyers approached the case’s judge, saying they couldn’t locate the cases cited in Mata’s lawyers’ brief in legal databases.
“It seemed clear when we didn’t recognize any of the cases in their opposition brief that something was amiss,” said the airline’s lawyer. And soon they figured it was some sort of chatbot of some kind. On the other hand, the passenger’s lawyer said that it was the first time he’d used ChatGPT for work and, therefore, he was unaware of the possibility that its content could be false.
Internet: <www.cbsnews.com> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the item that follow.
It is correct to infer from the text that, due to the lawyer’s expertise, he had used ChatGPT for work before.
O Estado moderno desempenha o papel econômico fundamental de institucionalizar os mercados e de promover mais amplamente o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do país, fazendo uso de instrumentos econômicos, como orçamento público, para executar suas funções. Acerca desse assunto, julgue o item a seguir.
O orçamento não se limita a uma peça técnica e formal ou a
um instrumento de planejamento, pois tem características de
cunho político, uma vez que orienta as negociações sobre o
financiamento do Estado e é utilizado no controle e
direcionamento dos gastos públicos.
O Estado moderno desempenha o papel econômico fundamental de institucionalizar os mercados e de promover mais amplamente o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do país, fazendo uso de instrumentos econômicos, como orçamento público, para executar suas funções. Acerca desse assunto, julgue o item a seguir.
A função distributiva na atuação do Estado decorre do
reconhecimento de ser o mercado incapaz de conduzir a
sociedade a uma estrutura de distribuição de renda que seja
considerada justa ou equitativa, especialmente mediante o
manejo dos instrumentos de política fiscal.
O Estado moderno desempenha o papel econômico fundamental de institucionalizar os mercados e de promover mais amplamente o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do país, fazendo uso de instrumentos econômicos, como orçamento público, para executar suas funções. Acerca desse assunto, julgue o item a seguir.
A tributação impacta a eficiência do mercado ao provocar
alterações na alocação dos bens produzidos e na estabilidade
monetária do país, o que resulta em um trade-off entre
eficácia e equidade a ser enfrentado pela sociedade.
Julgue o próximo item, com relação ao ciclo e ao processo orçamentário.
O projeto de lei orçamentária anual (LOA) é encaminhado
pelo Poder Executivo ao Congresso Nacional, com a
chancela do Presidente da República, e compreende: o
orçamento fiscal; o orçamento de investimentos das
empresas em que a União, direta ou indiretamente, detenha a
maioria do capital social com direito a voto; e o orçamento
da seguridade social.
Julgue o próximo item, com relação ao ciclo e ao processo orçamentário.
O acompanhamento das metas fiscais no ciclo orçamentário
fica restrito ao processo de execução da lei de diretrizes
orçamentárias (LDO), devendo o Poder Executivo editar
decreto de contingenciamento, a fim de estabelecer o teto
para as despesas públicas diante de fatos supervenientes.
A respeito do sistema de planejamento e de orçamento federal, julgue o item que se segue.
O órgão setorial integra o sistema de planejamento e de
orçamento federal, sendo, obrigatoriamente, correspondente
ao órgão orçamentário, o qual tem o maior nível de
classificação institucional e cumpre o papel de agrupar as
unidades orçamentárias.
A respeito do sistema de planejamento e de orçamento federal, julgue o item que se segue.
Entre as finalidades do sistema de planejamento e de
orçamento federal, encontra-se a formulação dos planos
nacionais, setoriais e regionais do desenvolvimento
econômico e social, assim como o plano plurianual, as
diretrizes orçamentárias e os orçamentos anuais.
Quanto às leis que compõem o ciclo e o processo orçamentário brasileiro, julgue o item subsequente.
O plano plurianual (PPA), que define estratégias, diretrizes e
metas para as contas públicas, é caracterizado como um
instrumento normatizador do planejamento de médio prazo e
de definição das macro orientações do governo para a sua
ação em cada período de quatro anos, sendo estas
mandatórias para o setor público e indicativas para o setor
privado.
Quanto às leis que compõem o ciclo e o processo orçamentário brasileiro, julgue o item subsequente.
No âmbito da União, a LDO compreende as metas e
prioridades da administração pública federal, estabelece as
diretrizes de política fiscal e suas respectivas metas, em
harmonia com a sustentabilidade da dívida pública, além de
orientar a elaboração da LOA e dispor das alterações na
legislação tributária e estabelecer a política de aplicação das
agências financeiras oficiais de fomento.
Quanto às leis que compõem o ciclo e o processo orçamentário brasileiro, julgue o item subsequente.
Durante o ciclo orçamentário, o projeto é um instrumento de
programação utilizado para alcançar o objetivo de um
programa, envolvendo um conjunto de operações, limitadas
no tempo, das quais resulta um produto que concorre para a
expansão da ação de governo. É possível a existência de um
mesmo projeto ou a inclusão de um novo em múltiplas
esferas orçamentárias, desde que estejam adequadamente
atendidos os projetos em andamento e contempladas as
despesas de conservação do patrimônio público.
Quanto às leis que compõem o ciclo e o processo orçamentário brasileiro, julgue o item subsequente.
Em consonância com o princípio da exclusividade, a LOA
não conterá dispositivo estranho à previsão da receita e à
fixação da despesa pública, contudo, ressalvam-se dessa
proibição a autorização para abertura de créditos
suplementares e a contratação de operações de crédito, ainda
que por antecipação de receitas orçamentárias, nos termos
definidos em lei.