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Read the text below and answer questions 35 to 40
- A new study from archaeologists at University of Sydney and Simon
- Fraser University in Vancouver, has provided important new evidence
- to answer the question "Who exactly were the Anglo‐Saxons?" New
- findings based on studying skeletal remains clearly indicate the Anglo‐
- Saxons were a melting pot of people from both migrant and local
- cultural groups and not one homogenous group from Western Europe.
- Professor Keith Dobney said the team’s results indicate that "the
- Anglo‐Saxon kingdoms of early Medieval Britain were strikingly similar
- to contemporary Britain ‐‐ full of people of different ancestries sharing
- a common language and culture." The collaborative study looked at the
- three‐dimensional shape of the base of the skull. "Baased on this, we
- collected 3D data from suitably dated skeletal collections from Britain
- and Denmark, and then analysed the data to estimate the ancestry of
- the Anglo‐Saxon individuals in the sample."
- The researchers found that between two‐thirds and three‐quarters of
- early Anglo‐Saxon individuals were of continental European ancestry,
- while between a quarter and one‐third were of local ancestry. When
- they looked at skeletons dated to the Middle Anglo‐Saxon period
- (several hundred years after the original migrants arrived), they found
- that 50 to 70 percent of the individuals were of local ancestry, while
- 30 to 50 percent were of continental European ancestry, which
- probably indicates a change in the rate of migration and/or local
- adoption of culture over time. "These findings tell us that being Anglo‐
- Saxon was more likely a matter of language and culture, not genetics."
- Although Anglo‐Saxon origins can clearly be traced to a migration of
- Germanic‐speaking people from mainland Europe between the 5th
- and 7th centuries AD, the number of individuals who settled in Britain
- is still contested, as is the nature of their relationship with the pre-
- existing inhabitants of the British Isles, who were Romano‐Celts.
- The ongoing and unresolved argument is whether hordes of European
- invaders largely replaced the existing Romano‐British inhabitants, or
- did smaller numbers of migrants settle and interact with the locals,
- who then rapidly adopted the new language and culture of the Anglo‐
- Saxons? "The reason for the ongoing confusion is the apparent
- contradiction between early historical texts (written sometime after
- the events that imply that the newcomers were both numerous and
- replaced the Romano‐British population) and some recent
- biomolecular markers directly recovered from Anglo‐Saxon skeletons
- that appears to suggest numbers of immigrants were few," said
- Professor Dobney. "Our new data sits at the interface of this debate
- and implies that early Anglo‐Saxon society was a mix of both
- newcomers and immigrants and, instead of wholesale population
- replacement, a process of acculturation resulted in Anglo‐Saxon
- language and culture being adopted wholesale by the local
- population." "It could be this new cultural package was attractive,
- filling a vacuum left at the end of the Roman occupation of Britain.
- Whatever the reason, it lit the fuse for the English nation we have today
- ‐‐ still comprised of people of different origins who share the same
- language," Professor Dobney said.
Adapted from article available at:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210623144901.htm
Accessed on: July 13, 2021.
The words “Although” (l. 25) and “whether” (l. 30) could be replaced, with little or no change of meaning or structure, by the words:
Text 4 to answer questions 21 and 22.
1 -------Enterprise-class firewalls, such as those made by
----FORTINET, Cisco Systems and NetScreen Technologies,
----have long been marketplace commodities. Out of the box,
4 --they provide reliable, relatively easy-to-use security
----solutions. Buying some licenses from vendors can also
----provide 24/7 support and ongoing maintenance. In
7 --addition, commercial firewalls have configuration
----facilities, usually through graphical interfaces, and
----facilitated interaction with other security technologies such
10 --as SIEM, EDR, DRP, etc.
---------But commercial firewalls have a problem: many
----would say that they are expensive. That is why some IT
13 --teams consider the use of other options like open-source
----firewalls. iptables®, for example, is a freeware Linux tool
----developed by NetFilter that isn’t nearly as easy to use, but
16 --it’s quickly catching up in features and functionality.
---------iptables® firewall boasts many features normally
----found only in commercial firewalls, including packet
19 --defragmentation, rate limiting, integration of VPNs, scale
----up and scale down, packet content inspection and protocol
----state tracking.
22 -------So why don't we always use iptables® firewall instead
----of proprietary applications or devices? In addition to the
----support from manufacturers that the more traditional choice
25 --has, we can highlight iptables’® need for professional
----training, and also the need for hiring large support teams,
27--which could cost even more money in some scenarios.
Disponível em:<https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/opinion/Commercialfirewalls-vs-Open-source-firewalls>. Acesso em 20 mar. 2021, com adaptações.
Regarding the acquisition of security devices such as firewalls, and based on the text, it is correct to state that
Text 4 to answer questions 21 and 22.
1 -------Enterprise-class firewalls, such as those made by
----FORTINET, Cisco Systems and NetScreen Technologies,
----have long been marketplace commodities. Out of the box,
4 --they provide reliable, relatively easy-to-use security
----solutions. Buying some licenses from vendors can also
----provide 24/7 support and ongoing maintenance. In
7 --addition, commercial firewalls have configuration
----facilities, usually through graphical interfaces, and
----facilitated interaction with other security technologies such
10 --as SIEM, EDR, DRP, etc.
---------But commercial firewalls have a problem: many
----would say that they are expensive. That is why some IT
13 --teams consider the use of other options like open-source
----firewalls. iptables®, for example, is a freeware Linux tool
----developed by NetFilter that isn’t nearly as easy to use, but
16 --it’s quickly catching up in features and functionality.
---------iptables® firewall boasts many features normally
----found only in commercial firewalls, including packet
19 --defragmentation, rate limiting, integration of VPNs, scale
----up and scale down, packet content inspection and protocol
----state tracking.
22 -------So why don't we always use iptables® firewall instead
----of proprietary applications or devices? In addition to the
----support from manufacturers that the more traditional choice
25 --has, we can highlight iptables’® need for professional
----training, and also the need for hiring large support teams,
27--which could cost even more money in some scenarios.
Disponível em:<https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/opinion/Commercialfirewalls-vs-Open-source-firewalls>. Acesso em 20 mar. 2021, com adaptações.
According to the text and to the knowledge concerning firewall technology, mark the correct alternative.
Match the following Methods to their characteristics.
Column 1 Methods
1. Total Physical Response (TPR).
2. Suggestopidea.
3. The Direct Method.
Column 2 Characteristics
( ) This method of teaching English focused on translating the texts in Latin to the native language.
( ) This Method of teaching English provides a relaxed atmosphere for the mind to learn and retain that information.
( ) This method involves acting out language rather than speaking. It is also a fun way of learning language.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
Keeping in mind the ideas expressed above and the linguistic aspects of the text, judge the following item.
It is correct to conclude from the text that the total number of
students who signed up for the three free online courses
offered by Stanford in 2011 was higher than 300.000.