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After reading Text 1, one can conclude that the proposal introduced by the authors seems to be
Concerning the accreditation process described in Text 1, it is correct to affirm that it
The passage below is the concluding paragraph of the article “Accreditation in Aviation” by Marjo Mitsutomi and Jerry Platt.
Conclusion: Direction Matters “There ______ substantial ______ over the past decade in developing and implementing a global standard for air traffic communication. ______, the current state of affairs can be characterized as chaotic, inconsistent, and somewhat removed from the actual ICAO benchmarks for proficiency. Given nearly 200 member states, with very different needs, resources, and levels of preparedness, it is appropriate that there ______ multiple training paradigms and options, ______ multiple testing instruments. What is missing is an accreditation organization that can help level the playing field, can keep all parties honest, and can protect the consuming public from the current glut of ______.”
Choose the option below that completes the passage correctly.
Mark the only boldfaced discourse marker that DOES NOT introduce contrasting ideas.
Check the option in which “should” is used in the same sense as in “It should be an independent, not-for-profit federation of schools and programs, … across member states.” (lines 91-94)
In terms of reference, it is correct to affirm that
The following excerpt has been extracted from the original version of the article “Accreditation in Aviation” by Marjo Mitsutomi and Jerry Platt.
“Consider the example below, reproduced from the Boeing web site: Examining all fatal accidents during the past decade involving worldwide commercial jets, the report claims “no accidents were noted in … air traffic management, communications, navigation, (or) surveillance”. The industry simply must become more proactive in insisting upon honest and accurate categorization and reporting of all contributing factors to traffic mishaps.”
The excerpt above would adequately fit in the text right after the sentence
Check the option that contains a correct correspondence of meaning.
The excerpt “There is substantial anecdotal evidence to suggest that language miscommunication has been a contributing factor in several airplane crashes, and in even more near-misses.” (lines 2-5) means that
The main purpose of the text is to
According to Brown (2007), which of the strategies below is not a strategy for ESL reading comprehension:
Questions 37 and 38 refer to the text below
Listening challenges for English language learners
There are many difficulties an individual may face in understanding a talk, lecture or conversation in a second language (and sometimes even in their first language). The speaker, the situation and the listener can all be the cause of these difficulties.
Contributing factors include the speaker talking quickly, background noise, a lack of visual clues (such as on the telephone), the listener’s limited vocabulary, a lack of knowledge of the topic, and an inability to distinguish individual sounds.
While the challenges posed by the speaker or the situation may be out of the listener’s hands, there are a few skills or 'strategies' that English learners can use to help them along
.
Choose the option that contains an INCORRECT definition of the words according to their meaning in the text above.
Questions 37 and 38 refer to the text below
Listening challenges for English language learners
There are many difficulties an individual may face in understanding a talk, lecture or conversation in a second language (and sometimes even in their first language). The speaker, the situation and the listener can all be the cause of these difficulties.
Contributing factors include the speaker talking quickly, background noise, a lack of visual clues (such as on the telephone), the listener’s limited vocabulary, a lack of knowledge of the topic, and an inability to distinguish individual sounds.
While the challenges posed by the speaker or the situation may be out of the listener’s hands, there are a few skills or 'strategies' that English learners can use to help them along
.
Choose the alternative with the CORRECT order of procedures for learners to improve their listening skills.
Brown (2007:390-397) states that “trends in the teaching of writing in ESL and others foreign language have, not surprisingly, coincided with those of the teaching of other skills, especially listening and speaking. […] Over the past few decades of research on teaching writing to second language learners, a number of issues have appeared, some of which remain controversial in spite of reams of data on second language writing.” Check the alternative that has three of those issues.
According to Brown (2007), the two most valuable reading strategies for English learners are:
Questions 32 and 33 refer to the text below:
The most striking aspect of linguistic competence is what we may call the creativity of language, that is, the speaker’s ability to produce new sentences, sentences that are immediately understood by other speakers although they bear no physical resemblance to sentences which are familiar. The fundamental importance of this creative aspect of language has been recognized since the seventeenth century.
The best word to replace the term “bear” in the text is
Questions 32 and 33 refer to the text below:
The most striking aspect of linguistic competence is what we may call the creativity of language, that is, the speaker’s ability to produce new sentences, sentences that are immediately understood by other speakers although they bear no physical resemblance to sentences which are familiar. The fundamental importance of this creative aspect of language has been recognized since the seventeenth century.
Which is the topic addressed in the text?
Brazilian Portuguese learners of English tend to mispronounce and misperceive ‘final s’ in plural forms (nouns) and third person singular forms (in the present simple tense) as well as ‘final ed’ in simple past forms of regular verbs. Another common difficulty is choosing between “a” or “an”. In fact, there are simple phonological rules that can help learners overcome such difficulties. Mark (T) for the true statements and (F) for the false ones.
( ) The words moved, laughed, played, and rained have the same final sound.
( ) The words moved, laughed, hated, and shaked have two syllables.
( ) Considering the use of the indefinite article (a, an), it is correct to say: a car, a house, a dog, a one-eyed man, a university, an umbrella, and, an apple.
( ) The words cats, umbrellas, candles, and birds have the same final sound.
( ) The words books, chiefs, tops, and fakes have the same final sound.
Mark the alternative which contains the CORRECT sequence from the first to the last propositions.
According to the New World Encyclopedia, Philosophy of language is the reasoned inquiry into the nature, origins, and usage of language. As a topic, the philosophy of language for Analytic Philosophers has been concerned with four central problems, which are:
(Available at: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Philosophy_of_language )
Concerning Bilingualism, analyze the following statements (Gleason, J. B. e Ratner, N. B. The Development of Language. Pearson: Boston, 2009):
I. When a speaker gains a second language while retaining a first language, the process is called additive language. Often, the acquisition of the second language is seen as an asset, as enhancing the prestige and social and economic prowess of the speaker.
II. Subtractive bilingualism refers to the loss of fluency in one’s native language that occurs when acquiring a second language.
III. Being younger is an advantage in terms of the rate of acquisition, as younger learners acquire a second language more rapidly than older learners in untutored settings.
IV. The acquisition of a second language could occur in submersion settings in which the person is surrounded by native speakers of that second language, or in immersion settings, in which the person and other people received instruction in that second language only.
V. Children growing up learning two or more languages simultaneously can do so without difficulty and in much the same way as do monolingual children.
Check the alternative that presents the number of the CORRECT statements:
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