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“All1 that we see or seem is but a dream within a dream." (Edgar Allan Poe)
“As a writer, I'm more interested in what people tell themselves2 happened rather than what actually happened.” (Kazuo Ishiguro)
“That is what learning is. You suddenly understand something3 you've understood all your life, but in a new way.” (Doris Lessing)
“There is nothing4 either good or bad but thinking makes it so.” (William Shakespeare)
In these sentences, the pronouns in bold are, respectively,
“There are four questions of value in life. What is sacred? Of what is the spirit made? What is worth living for and what is worth dying for? The answer to each is the same. Only love.” (Lord Byron)
“But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.” (William Shakespeare)
In terms of grammatical features, the two passages above have two aspects in common, which are the use of
Mark the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks in the following quotes with the comparative form of WIDE1, the superlative form of GOOD2, the superlative form of BAD3, the superlative form of LONG4, the superlative form of BEAUFIFUL5, and the comparative form of GOOD6.
“The brain is ______1 than the sky.” (Emily Dickinson)
“It was the ______ 2 of times, it was the ______3of times.” (Charles Dickens)
“Time is the ______ 4 distance between two places.” (Tennessee Williams)
“The ______5 thing in the world is, of course, the world itself.” (Wallace Stevens)
“Most men are a little ______6 than their circumstances give them a chance to be.” (William Faulkner)
“Beginning next week, the Adjutant and I will be making1 a series of snap inspections of section barrack-rooms. […] Just ordinary soldierly cleanliness and tidiness is all I want.” (Kingsley Amis)
“And I thought then, Just living long enough wipes out the problems. Puts you in a select club. […] Everybody’s face will have suffered2, never just yours.” (Alice Munro)
“If you are under the impression you have already perfected yourself, you will never rise3 to the heights you are no doubt capable of.” (Kazuo Ishiguro)
In the sentences above, the tenses of the verb forms in bold are, respectively,
“I have often thought1 what a melancholy world this would be without children, and what an inhuman world without the aged.” (Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
“She had had2 to change her limbs. She had had to get limbs that ordinary people have and walk, but every step she took, agonizing pain! This is what she was willing3 to go through, to get the prince. So, I thought she deserved more than death on the water.” (Alice Munro)
In terms of verb tenses, the verb forms in bold in these sentences are, respectively, in the
Mark the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks in the following quote respectively with the simple past of the verb TO HUM, the past perfect of the verb TO FORGET, and the simple past of the verb TO BE.
“On his desk, a huge old electric typewriter ______1 — he ______2 to turn it off. He was among the many word-processing holdouts in the literary world. The typescript ______ 3 right there, in a neatly squared-off pile, six hundred pages — long, but not vast.” (Ian McEwan)
“Poetry, Painting & Music, the three Powers in man of conversing with Paradise, which1 the flood did not sweep away.” (William Blake)
“Keep away from people who2 try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great.” (Mark Twain)
The way to read a fairy tale is to throw yourself3 in.” (W.H. Auden)
The pronouns in bold in the three sentences above are, respectively,
Mark the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks in the following quotes respectively with the present perfect of the verb TO HAVE in the negative form, the present perfect of the verb TO WEAVE, and the simple past of the verb TO FORM in the interrogative form.
“Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, just remember that all the people in this world ______1 the advantages that you’ve had.” (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
“We ______2 a web, you and I, attached to this world but a separate world of our own invention.” (John Keats)
“Accursed creator! Why ______3 a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust?” (Mary Shelley)
Mark the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks in the following quote with the verb TO READ in the present continuous, the verb TO AGREE in the simple future, and the verb TO NEED in the simple present.
“I ______1 six books at once, the only way of reading; since, as you _____2 , one book is only a single unaccompanied note, and to get the full sound, one ______ 3 ten others at the same time.” (Virginia Woolf)
“All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts.” (William Shakespeare)
Considering the rules for the formation of the plural of nouns in the English language and considering the tense of verbs, it is correct to state that, in these verses, the plural of the nouns falls into the category of ______ 1and the verbs are in the ______. 2
Mark the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks of the following quote with the simple past of the verb TO TAKE and the present perfect of the verb TO MAKE respectively.
“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I —
I ______1 the one less traveled by,
And that ______2 all the difference.” (Robert Frost)
“It isn't what we say or think that defines us, but what we do.”1 (Jane Austen)
“Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul – and sings the tunes without the words – and never stops at all.”2 (Emily Dickinson)
“A poet is a nightingale who sits in darkness and sings to cheer its own solitude with sweet sounds.”3 (Percy Bysshe Shelley)
The verb tenses in the three quotes above are, respectively,
“Every man's life ends the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another.” (Ernest Hemingway)
“I try to be as historically accurate as possible, but I think the story's more important than the history.” (Louis Bayard)
In the passages above the use of ‘s expresses, respectively, the
Read the following passage then mark the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks.
“And this I believe: that the free, exploring mind of the individual human is the most valuable thing in the world. And this I would fight for: the freedom of the mind to take any direction it wishes, undirected. And this I must fight against: any idea, religion, or government which limits or destroys the individual. This is what I am and what I am about.” (John Steinbeck)
This passage contains the recurrent use of a ______1 pronoun and an example of a ______2 adjective.
Read the following quotes and mark the alternative that fills in the blanks with the appropriate preposition.
“A sentence starts out like a lone traveler heading into a blizzard ______ 1 midnight, tilting into the wind, one arm shielding his face.” (Billy Collins)
“My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow ______ 2 the sky.” (William Wordsworth)
“But I, being poor, have only my dreams; I have spread my dreams under your feet; Tread softly because you tread ______3 my dreams.” (William Butler Yeats)
“When we begin to take our failures non-seriously, it means we are ceasing to be afraid ______4 them.” (Katherine Mansfield)
“You have been the last dream ______5 my soul.” (Charles Dickens)
According to Kumaravadivelu (2001), “The postmethod learner is an autonomous learner. The literature on learner autonomy has so far provided two interrelated aspects of autonomy: academic autonomy and social autonomy”. Choose the alternative that corresponds to the author’s idea of autonomy:
Identifying connectors can be a very useful reading strategy when using an ESP approach. As cohesion devices, they link ideas within sentences and between them. Analyze the alternatives and choose the one that is grammatically correct.
In his attempt to find a definition for a postmethod pedagogy, Kumaravadivelu (2001) states that an option is to look at the term and consider it a “pedagogy of particularity, practicality, and possibility”. Which of the alternatives below represents the author’s idea of practicality?
Texto para as questões 20 a 22.
The passage below is an extract from the preface of the centenary edition of Animal Farm, written by George Orwell. Read the text to answer questions 20 - 22.
(…)
Orwell called the book “a fairy story.” Like Voltaire’s Candide, however, with which it bears comparison, it is too many other things to be so handily classified. It is also a political tract, a satire on human folly, a loud hee-haw at all who yearn for Utopia, an allegorical lesson, and a pretty good fable in the Aesop tradition. It is also a passionate sermon against the dangers of political innocence. The passage in which the loyal but stupid workhorse Boxer is sold to be turned into glue, hides, and bone meal because he is no longer useful is written out of a controlled and icy hatred for the cynicism of the Soviet system – but also out of despair for all deluded people who served it gladly.
Maybe because it gilds the philosophic pill with fairy-story trappings, Animal Farm has had an astonishing success for a book rooted in politics. Since its first publication at the end of World War II, it has been read by millions. With 1984, published three years later, it established Orwell as an important man of letters. It has enriched modern political discourse with the observation that “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” How did we ever grasp the true nature of the politics of uplift before Orwell explained it so precisely?
George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Blair, the son of a colonial official with long service in British India. Eric was educated as a scholarship boy at Eton and seemed to be miserable there most of the time, largely, one guesses, because of the money gap that divided him from so many of his well-heeled schoolmates. His dislike of the moneyed classes in turn influenced him toward a lifelong loyalty to democratic socialism. After Eton he went to Burma as a member of the Imperial constabulary and had the enlightening experience of discovering he was hated by the Burmese people as a symbol of British Imperialism. Hating the work himself, he quit and went back to England to try making a living by writing.
During the years when he was not very successful, he began to devote himself to work for British socialism. Afterwards he said he had never written anything good that was not about politics. Before he went to work on Animal Farm, his books were well enough received by the critics but sold modestly.
Those old enough to remember the wartime spirit of the 1940s may be startled to realize that Orwell started work on Animal Farm in 1943. As he discovered when he went looking for a publisher, Stalin’s Soviet Union was so popular that year in Britain and America that few wanted to hear or read anything critical of it. It was as though a great deal of the West had willingly put on blinders, and this was because the Red Army that year had fought the Nazis to a standstill and forced it to retreat. Suddenly Hitler’s army, which had looked invincible for so long, had begun to look vincible.
In this period the air on both sides of the Atlantic was filled with a great deal of justifiable praise for the Soviet people and their fighting forces. Stalin’s political system, with its bloody purges and police-state brutality, was an important beneficiary of all this. Looking for a publisher for his small book, Orwell was reminded that British socialists, who idealized the Russian Revolution, had never been hospitable to critics of the Soviet Union. In 1943, however, even conservatives were pro-Soviet.
It became hard to write candidly of the Soviet system without being accused of playing dupe to the Nazis. Orwell discovered how hard when he began receiving publishers’ rejections on Animal Farm. With its swinish communists, the book seemed heretical. As no wonder. Stalin and Trotsky, after all, were unmistakably Orwell’s feuding pigs, Napoleon and Snowball. It was not until the war had ended that Frederic Warburg finally published it, on August 17, 1945.
(…)
Source: ORWELL, George. Animal Farm. London: Penguin Books, 2003. Preface by Russel Baker.
Observe the extracts from the text and answer the question.
I – It is also a political tract, a satire on human folly, a loud hee-haw at all who yearn for Utopia, an allegorical lesson, and a pretty good fable in the Aesop tradition.
II - How did we ever grasp the true nature of the politics of uplift before Orwell explained it so precisely?
III - It became hard to write candidly of the Soviet system without being accused of playing dupe to the Nazis.
The words in bold in sentences I-III can be respectively replaced, without having their meaning changed, by:
Texto para as questões 20 a 22.
The passage below is an extract from the preface of the centenary edition of Animal Farm, written by George Orwell. Read the text to answer questions 20 - 22.
(…)
Orwell called the book “a fairy story.” Like Voltaire’s Candide, however, with which it bears comparison, it is too many other things to be so handily classified. It is also a political tract, a satire on human folly, a loud hee-haw at all who yearn for Utopia, an allegorical lesson, and a pretty good fable in the Aesop tradition. It is also a passionate sermon against the dangers of political innocence. The passage in which the loyal but stupid workhorse Boxer is sold to be turned into glue, hides, and bone meal because he is no longer useful is written out of a controlled and icy hatred for the cynicism of the Soviet system – but also out of despair for all deluded people who served it gladly.
Maybe because it gilds the philosophic pill with fairy-story trappings, Animal Farm has had an astonishing success for a book rooted in politics. Since its first publication at the end of World War II, it has been read by millions. With 1984, published three years later, it established Orwell as an important man of letters. It has enriched modern political discourse with the observation that “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” How did we ever grasp the true nature of the politics of uplift before Orwell explained it so precisely?
George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Blair, the son of a colonial official with long service in British India. Eric was educated as a scholarship boy at Eton and seemed to be miserable there most of the time, largely, one guesses, because of the money gap that divided him from so many of his well-heeled schoolmates. His dislike of the moneyed classes in turn influenced him toward a lifelong loyalty to democratic socialism. After Eton he went to Burma as a member of the Imperial constabulary and had the enlightening experience of discovering he was hated by the Burmese people as a symbol of British Imperialism. Hating the work himself, he quit and went back to England to try making a living by writing.
During the years when he was not very successful, he began to devote himself to work for British socialism. Afterwards he said he had never written anything good that was not about politics. Before he went to work on Animal Farm, his books were well enough received by the critics but sold modestly.
Those old enough to remember the wartime spirit of the 1940s may be startled to realize that Orwell started work on Animal Farm in 1943. As he discovered when he went looking for a publisher, Stalin’s Soviet Union was so popular that year in Britain and America that few wanted to hear or read anything critical of it. It was as though a great deal of the West had willingly put on blinders, and this was because the Red Army that year had fought the Nazis to a standstill and forced it to retreat. Suddenly Hitler’s army, which had looked invincible for so long, had begun to look vincible.
In this period the air on both sides of the Atlantic was filled with a great deal of justifiable praise for the Soviet people and their fighting forces. Stalin’s political system, with its bloody purges and police-state brutality, was an important beneficiary of all this. Looking for a publisher for his small book, Orwell was reminded that British socialists, who idealized the Russian Revolution, had never been hospitable to critics of the Soviet Union. In 1943, however, even conservatives were pro-Soviet.
It became hard to write candidly of the Soviet system without being accused of playing dupe to the Nazis. Orwell discovered how hard when he began receiving publishers’ rejections on Animal Farm. With its swinish communists, the book seemed heretical. As no wonder. Stalin and Trotsky, after all, were unmistakably Orwell’s feuding pigs, Napoleon and Snowball. It was not until the war had ended that Frederic Warburg finally published it, on August 17, 1945.
(…)
Source: ORWELL, George. Animal Farm. London: Penguin Books, 2003. Preface by Russel Baker.
Observe the extract below and choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to it:
With its swinish communists, the book seemed heretical. And no wonder. Stalin and Trotsky, after all, were unmistakably Orwell’s feuding pigs, Napoleon and Snowball. It was not until the war had ended that Frederic Warburg finally published it, on August 17, 1945.
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